Download to read offline
LESSON-2.pptx
- 2. TODAY’S OBJECTIVE: AT THEEND OF THIS LESSON, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO 01 TRACE THE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES. 02 ENUMERATE AND DISCUSS THE THEORIES ON MANAGEMENT , AND 03 DIFFERENTIATE MANAGEMENT THEORIES. 04
- 3. LET’S REVIEW FIRST MANAGEMENT-is the process of PLANNING, ORGANIZING, LEADING and CONTROLLING the activities of the organization. It is a science because it contains a body of knowledge that becomes the organizational framework. Management plays an important role in laying out the foundation of a profitable company strategy.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6. Ancient Civilization practiced managementin organizing and implementing various activities vital to their communities • In 1100 BC, the Chinese used the four basic management functions of PLANNING, ORGANIZING, LEADING, and CONTROLLING to carry out vast infrastructure projects ( example: Chinese empire)
- 7. • The Greeksdeveloped a scientific approach to work such as LEADERSHIP and JOB SPECIFICATIONS. • Two Greek philosophers: SOCRATES and PLATO.
- 8.
- 9. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY • Theoryof management which studies the application of scientific methods and principles for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase EFFICIENCY. • Created by FREDERICK W. TAYLOR, the American engineer. • He worked at MIDVALE STEEL COMPANY IN PHILADELPHIA. • He introduced the four principles of scientific management as follows: • 1. Replace the RULE-OF-THUMB METHOD a general rule based on practice or experience rather than facts or scientific evidence. 2. Select, train, and develop each worker based on scientific methods. 3. Cooperate with the workers to ensure that scientific methods are being observed and implemented in their work. 4. Divide work between managers and workers to ensure that the managers apply scientific management principles.
- 10. ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY •Focuses onthe OVERALL MANAGEMENT of an organization, emphasizing the role of the managers as administrators of the organization. •Introduced by HENRI FAYOL in the 20th century. • Henri Fayol (29 July 1841 – 19 November 1925) was a French mining engineer, mining executive, author and director of mines who developed a general theory of business administration that is often called FAYOLISM Fayol identified five functions of management. PLANNING ORGANIZING COMMUNICATING CONTROLLING FAYOL IDENTIFIED 14 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 1. Division of work- into specialized task, with specific duties 2. AUTHORITY- of managers to delegate work and task to the employees. FAYOL IDENTIFIED 14 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 3. Discipline- where expectation should be clearly set and violators of rule must be punished. 4. Unity of command- where the employee should only report to one supervisor. FAYOL IDENTIFIED 14 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 5. Unity of direction- which means the effort of the employees are guided towards the attainment of organization objectives, 6. Predominance of the general interest- of the organization over the individual interest of employees. FAYOL IDENTIFIED 14 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 7. Remuneration- the efforts of the employees should be systematically rewarded in line with the organization’s vision and mission. 8. Centralization- where the roles of the employees are clarified, with emphasis on the 9. Scalar chain- which means the communication should be open within the chain of command. 10. Order- where the organization of jobs and materials must be done in order. 11. Equity- which means the fairness and order must be practiced. 12. Stability and tenure of personnel- to actively promote employee loyalty to the organization. 13. Initiative to encourage employees to act on their own in support of the organization’s objectives. 14. Esprit de corps- to promote teamwork and the unity of interest between the employees and the
- 11. HUMAN RELATIONS THEORY Theygrew out of the human relations movement in the 1930’s. Focuses on the social element in the workplace and considers the influence of INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP. Founded by ELTON MAYO, an Australian psychologist who used his expertise to implement improvements in the workplace. Managers were encouraged to be supportive of their workers and to actively involve them in management decisions. Another contributor was Abraham Maslow. He stated that individual behavior is primarily influenced by certain needs. SELF ACTUALIZATION SELF-ESTEEM LOVE/ BELONGING SAFETY PHYSIOLOGICAL
- 12. QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT-uses quantitative approaches such as statistical analyses and computer simulations to arrive at a management decision. MANAGEMENT SCIENCE- uses mathematical problem solving and decision making. It seeks to create ideal models that will be the basis for management improvements. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM- it gathers past, present, and projected data from external and internal sources and transforms them into usable information.
- 13. SYSTEM THEORY Explains howinterrelated parts operate together to achieve a common purpose. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution and the increasing requirements for increased efficiency and greater production.
- 14. CONTINGENCY THEORY Considers theunique characteristics of the managers, as well as the effect of environmental factors, in addressing management problems and situations.
- 15. QUALITY MANAGEMENT THEORY Emphasizesconsistency in an organization and the production of high-quality products and services. The quality management perspective emerged after the second world war, through the work of William Edwards Deming.