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- 2. The implementation ofthe K to 12 Curriculum of the Department of Education paved the way for the enhancement of the Teacher Education Curriculum of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
- 3. The K to12 curriculum framework in the Philippines was primarily spearheaded by the Department of Education (DepEd), with support from various stakeholders and international organizations. Former President Benigno S. Aquino III played a crucial role by signing the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (Republic Act No. 10533), which officially implemented the K to 12 program.
- 6. One of thefeatures of the K to 12 curriculum is the requirement to equip every graduate with the following skills: • information, media and technology skills; • learning and innovation skills;
- 7. The salient featuresof the K to 12 Curriculum have been thoroughly considered to ensure that all the courses in the teacher education program will meet the demands of the 21st century classrooms.
- 8. 1. Strengthening EarlyChildhood Education (Universal Kindergarten) With the Universal Kindergarten program of the Department, every Filipino child is expected to have access to early childhood education. This access can be facilitated using technological tools that are readily available to the school for teachers' use.
- 9. 2. Making theCurriculum Relevant to Learners (Contextualization and Enhancement) Research shows that learners will value a curriculum that is relevant to their lives Students are often heard saying, "Do I need to know these to live a meaningful life?" "How will I use this lesson in the actual workplace?" "What is the relevance of this to me?" and so on.
- 10. Use suspense andkeep it fresh Drop hints about a new learning unit before you reveal what it might be leave gaping pauses in your speech change seating arrangements and put up new and relevant posters or displays.
- 11. Make it student-directed Givestudents a choice of assignments on a particular topic, or ask them to design one of their own. "When students are involved in designing the lesson, they better understand the goal of the lesson and become more emotionally invested in and attached to the learning outcomes."
- 12. Connect it totheir lives and to what they already know. Taking the time to brainstorm about what students already know and would like to learn about a topic helps them to create goals.
- 13. Provide utility value Utilityvalue provides relevance first by by telling them the content is important to their future goals; it then continues by showing I or explaining how the content fits into their plans for the future.
- 14. Build relatedness Relatedness, onthe other hand, answers the question, "What have these to do with me?
- 15. 3. Building Proficiency(Mother- tongue Based Multilingual Education) To be able to promote the child's dominant language and to use it as a language of instruction, maximum use of technological tools is highly encouraged.
- 16. 4. Ensuring Integratedand Seamless Learning (Spiral Progression) Learning basic concepts that lead to a more complex and sophisticated version of the general concepts entail TPACK: Technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and content knowledge. Rediscovering concepts previously presented as students go up in grade level will be fully supported if all the areas of specialization will be aided by technologies for teaching and learning.
- 17. 5. Gearing Upfor the Future The K to 12 Curriculum ensures college readiness by aligning the core and applied courses to the College Readiness Standards (CRS) and the new General Education (GE) Curriculum.
- 18. The K to12Curriculum focused on developing appropriate Specialization Subjects for the Academic, Sports, Arts and Design, and Technical Vocational Livelihood Tracks All of these specialization subjects have to be supported by educational technology for better learning
- 19. 6. Nurturing theHolistically Developed Filipino (College and Livelihood Readiness, 21st Century Skills) To nurture holistically developed Filipino, every K to 12 graduate is expected to be ready to go into different paths - higher education, employment, or entrepreneurship. Every graduate is expected to be equipped with information, media and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, effective communication skills, and life and career skills.
- 20. Undoubtedly, the mostimportant person in the curriculum implementation process is the teacher. With their knowledge, experiences and competencies, teachers are central to any curriculum development effort. Better teachers support better learning because they are most knowledgeable about the practice of teaching and are responsible for introducing the curriculum in the classroom (Alsubaie,
- 21. Curriculum is theplanned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives —Jadhav and Patankar (2013).
- 22. Curriculum is content,but when contextualized, it comes alive for students. The role of teachers in the curriculum process is to help students develop an engaged relationship with the content. Active learning increases the focus and retention of the curriculum, resulting in an exciting learning environment. Teachers build lessons that include simulations, experiments, case studies and activities to deliver a curriculum. This interactive approach intertwines curriculum and practical experiences that immerse students in learning. The curriculum process provides an opportunity for teachers to be creative and put their unique stamp on the classroom experience (Meier, 2018).
- 23. Teachers, on theirpart, have practical knowledge based on their daily work with students. This knowledge is useful to curriculum committees because teachers can assess whether the ideas being developed will work in the classroom (Young, 1988).
- 24. Integrating Technology in Instruction Variouseducators and researchers provided the following concepts and principles about integrating technology in instruction:
- 25. John Pisapia (1994) Integratingtechnology with teaching means the use of learning technologies to introduce, reinforce, supplement and extend skills. For example, if a teacher merely tells a student to read a book without any preparation for follow up activities that put the book in a pedagogical context, the book is not integrated. In the same way, if the teacher uses the computer to reward children by allowing them to play a game, the computer is not integrated.
- 26. On the otherhand, integrating technology into curricula can mean different things: 1) computer science courses, computer- assisted instruction, and/or computer- enhanced or enriched instruction. 2) matching software with basic skill competencies 3) keyboarding with word processing followed up with presentation tools.
- 27. International Society for Technologyin Education (ISTE) Effective integration of technology is achieved when students are able to select technology tools to help them obtain information in a timely mannei analyze and synthesize the information, and present it professionally. The technology should become an integral part of how the classroom functions as accessible as all other classroom tools.
- 28. Margaret Lloyd (2005) ICTintegration encompasses an integral part of broader curriculum reforms which include both infra-stnictural as well as pedagogical considerations that are changing not only how learning occurs but what is learned.
- 29. Qiyun Wang andHuay Lit Woo (2007) Integrating Information and Communication (ICT) into teaching and learning is a growing area that has attracted many educators' efforts in recent years. Based on the scope of content covered, ICT integration can happen in three different areas: curriculum, topic, and lesson.
- 30. Bernard Bahati (2010) Theprocess of integrating ICT in teaching and learning has to be done at both pedagogical and technological levels with much emphasis put on pedagogy. ICT integration into teaching and learning has to be underpinned by sound pedagogical principles.
- 31. UNESCO (2005) ICT integrationis not merely mastering the hardware and software skills. Teachers need to realize how to organize the classroom to structure the learning tasks so that ICT resources become automatic and natural response to the requirements for learning environments in the same way as teachers use markers and
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- 33. Moursund (2005) ICT includesall the full range of computer hardware, computer software, and telecommunications facilities. Thus, it includes computer devices ranging from handheld calculators to multimillion worth supercomputers. It includes the full range of display and projections devices used to view computer output.
- 34. Moursund (2005) It includeslocal area networks and wide area network that will allow computer systems in people to communicate with each other. It includes digital cameras, computer games, CDs, DVDs, cell telephones, telecommunication satellites, and fiber optics. It includes computerized machinery and computerized robots.
- 35. Tinio (2009) ICT isa diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information. These technologies include hardware devices, software applications, internet Connectivity, broadcasting technologies, and telephony.
- 36. UNESCO (2020) It (ICT) is a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to transmit, store, create, share or exchange information These technological tools and resources include computers, the Internet (website, blogs and emails), live broadcasting technologies (radio, television and webcasting), recorded broadcasting technologies (podcasting, audio and video players and storage devices) tand telephony (fixed or mobile, satellite, visio/video-conferencing, etc.)
- 37. UNESCO defines it alsoas a scientific, technological, and engineering discipline and management technique used. ICT also refers to handling information, its application, and association with social, economic, and cultural matters.
- 38. Ratheeswari (2018) Information CommunicationTechnologies (ICT) influence every aspect of human life. They play salient roles in workplaces, in business, education, and entertainment. Moreover, many people recognize ICTs as catalysts for change that include change in working conditions, handling and exchanging information, teaching methods, learning approaches, scientific research and in
- 39. Ratheeswari (2018) In thisdigital era, ICT is important in the classroom for giving students opportunities to learn and apply the required 21St Century skills. ICT improves teaching and learning and helps teachers perform their role as creators of pedagogical environments. ICT helps a teacher to present his/her teaching attractively and enables learners to learn at any level of an educational program.