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![Country Law
Seizure-
free
period
Andorra 2 years
Argentina
There are no specific laws prohibiting people with epilepsy from driving. Patients
generally rely on advice from their physicians.[6]
Australia
Patients must be seizure-free for 3–6 months for recently diagnosed seizures, and
for two years for chronic epilepsy.[7][8] Exact laws vary by state or territory.[6]
3 months
to 2 years
Austria
The most common seizure-free period required is 2 years, but in some cases, this
can be extended to 3. Insurance companies are not required to make liability
payments in accidents caused by seizures.[6]
2–3 years
Belgium Seizure-free period required depends on the type of seizure.[6] 1–2 years
Bermuda 1 year
Brazil 1 year
Bulgaria Those who have ever had a seizure are prohibited from driving.[9]
Canada Exact laws may vary by province/territory. See Canada below. 1 year
Central African
Republic
Those who have ever had a seizure are prohibited from driving.[9]
China Those who have ever had a seizure are prohibited from driving.[9]
Croatia 2 years
Cyprus 1 year
Czech Republic[10] Physician may set additional more restrictions (like no night driving), for
professional drivers seizure-free period is 10 years
1 year
Denmark
The national health board is involved in epilepsy cases in determining exact length
of disqualification, which is usually 2 years. Physician input is recommended.[6] 2 years
Egypt 2 years
Estonia
Required seizure-free period of one year for cars and motorcycles and of five years
for trucks and buses[11] 1–5 years](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lifestylemodificationinepilepsy-210510224825/75/Lifestyle-modification-in-epilepsy-7-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byAmr Hassan
Lifestyle modification in epilepsy
The document discusses various lifestyle modifications and considerations for managing epilepsy, including triggers such as caffeine, stress, and specific types of light exposure that may induce seizures. It also outlines driving regulations for individuals with epilepsy, which vary significantly by country and region, alongside guidelines for exercise and viewing screens. Additionally, it highlights the importance of medication adherence and the potential impact of specific epileptic syndromes and patterns on seizure occurrence.
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Lifestyle modification in epilepsy
- 1. Amr Hassan, MD,FEBN Professorof Neurology - Cairo University Lifestyle Modification in Epilepsy
- 2. • Specific timeof day or night • Sleep deprivation – overtired, not sleeping well, not getting enough sleep • At times of fevers or other illnesses • Flashing bright lights or patterns • Alcohol or drug use • Stress • Associated with menstrual cycle (women) or other hormonal changes • Not eating well, low blood sugar • Specific foods, excess caffeine or other products that may aggravate seizures • Use of certain medication Seizures triggers
- 3.
- 4. • Preclinical studiessuggest that caffeine increases seizure susceptibility. • In some cases, chronic use of caffeine may protect against seizures. • Caffeine lowers the efficacy of several drugs, especially topiramate. • It is unclear how these findings in models can be translated to the clinical condition. • Until clinical studies suggest otherwise, caffeine intake should be considered as a factor in achieving and maintaining seizure control in epilepsy. Caffeine
- 5. Driving • Huge variationfrom State to State • Ranges from 3 months to 18 months seizure-free periods • Many States have ‘no set seizure-free period
- 6. Epilepsy and Drivingin Europe E C Directive Group 1 • 1st Seizure • Epilepsy • Provoked seizure • Sleep seizures • Other seizures wihout influence on driving ability • Other loss of consciousness • Seizure because of change of medication • 6 months • 12 months • Varies • 12 months + no other seizures • 12 months + no other seizures • Varies • 3 mo Driving
- 7. Country Law Seizure- free period Andorra 2years Argentina There are no specific laws prohibiting people with epilepsy from driving. Patients generally rely on advice from their physicians.[6] Australia Patients must be seizure-free for 3–6 months for recently diagnosed seizures, and for two years for chronic epilepsy.[7][8] Exact laws vary by state or territory.[6] 3 months to 2 years Austria The most common seizure-free period required is 2 years, but in some cases, this can be extended to 3. Insurance companies are not required to make liability payments in accidents caused by seizures.[6] 2–3 years Belgium Seizure-free period required depends on the type of seizure.[6] 1–2 years Bermuda 1 year Brazil 1 year Bulgaria Those who have ever had a seizure are prohibited from driving.[9] Canada Exact laws may vary by province/territory. See Canada below. 1 year Central African Republic Those who have ever had a seizure are prohibited from driving.[9] China Those who have ever had a seizure are prohibited from driving.[9] Croatia 2 years Cyprus 1 year Czech Republic[10] Physician may set additional more restrictions (like no night driving), for professional drivers seizure-free period is 10 years 1 year Denmark The national health board is involved in epilepsy cases in determining exact length of disqualification, which is usually 2 years. Physician input is recommended.[6] 2 years Egypt 2 years Estonia Required seizure-free period of one year for cars and motorcycles and of five years for trucks and buses[11] 1–5 years
- 8. • Pace yourexercise to avoid getting too tired or hyperventilation. • Avoid exercising in the middle of the day during hot weather. • Try relaxation or slow breathing exercises when anxious or if you begin to hyperventilate. Exercise
- 9.
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- 11. • The BritishSub-Aqua Club (BSAC) currently says that people must be seizure-free for five years (or three years if seizures only happen in their sleep) and off AEDs for five years, before they consider scuba diving. Scuba diving
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- 19. • Affects upto 5% of people with epilepsy. • For someone with photosensitive epilepsy triggers can include: ✓playing video games ✓watching moving computer games ✓watching a faulty television or other light source that flickers slowly ✓strobe lights. • The common rate for a flashing light to trigger seizures is between 3 and 30 hertz (flashes per second). Photosensitive epilepsy
- 20. Video Games inducedseizures
- 21. • There aremany mechanisms by which video games may induce seizures. These are: • Photosensitivity • Pattern sensitivity • Emotional and cognitive excitation (excitement or frustration) • Proprioceptive stimulation (movement/praxis). • Fatigue, sleep deprivation and prolonged playing are facilitating factors. Video Games induced seizures
- 22.
- 23. • The HardingFPA (flash and pattern analyser) is proprietary software. • Used to analyse video content for flashing and stationary patterns which may cause harm to those who suffer from photosensitive epilepsy. The Harding FPA
- 24.
- 25. • Installing ananti-glare cover for your computer monitor • Changing computer and display screen settings • Closing window blinds and covering up other contrasting light or visual patterns • Opting for natural or warm lighting to avoid fluorescents Lifestyle modification in PSE
- 26. • Fixing anybroken, flickering, or malfunctioning light (fluorescent or otherwise) • Taking frequent breaks to rest your eyes • Wearing polarized sunglasses for outdoor activities to reduce sharp glare. • Avoid playing when having fatigue and insomnia. • Photosensitive children should not play electronic games when they are alone. Lifestyle modification in PSE
- 27. • It refersto seizures induced by television viewing in photosensitive patients. • children aged 10–12 years. • There is a two-fold preponderance of girls. • Flickering television set or at a close distance to the screen. Television Epilepsy
- 28. • Watch TVfrom a distance of at least 2 m in a well- illuminated room • Use a remote control • View on a 100 Hz TV. • Try not to watch for a long time especially while they are tired and sleepy. Lifestyle modification in TV-induced seizures
- 29.
- 30. • Juvenile myoclonicepilepsy. • Idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy. • Eyelid myoclonia with absences (Jeavons syndrome) Epileptic Syndromes of Photosensitivity
- 31. • Hot waterepilepsy (HWE) is induced by bathing with hot water usually over 37 degrees and pouring over the head. • 2nd most common type of RE after photosensitive epilepsy. HWE
- 32. • Photosensitivity isreported to occur in approximately 40% of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. • Sleep deprivation • Alcohol intake • HV JME CAE
- 33.
- 35. • Once aday – take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember it; or • Twice a day – take the forgotten dose if you remember within six hours after it was due, otherwise don’t take the forgotten dose and just take the next dose at the due time. • It is important that if you miss a dose you do not take twice as much at the next dose time. Taking a larger dose than normal could cause side effects. Medication Schedule
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