Linux and its history
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The document discusses the history and development of Linux. It begins with Richard Stallman starting the GNU project in 1983 to create a free and open source operating system. Linus Torvalds then began developing the Linux kernel in 1991 as a free operating system for Intel computers. Linux became widely adopted and is now used in over 90% of the world's fastest supercomputers. The document outlines the key people and projects that contributed to the creation and growth of Linux.
Linux and its history
- 2. Introduction How it Started? Richard Stallman LinusTorvalds BSD MINIX TUX the Linux Mascot Linux today Conclusion Acknowledgements
- 3. Linux is a Unix-like operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software. Linux was mainly programmed in C and Assembly languages. The development of Linux started in the early 80’s when Richard Stallman started the GNU project. Linux was first originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86 processors, today more than 90% of the worlds fastest super computers use a version of Linux as the OS.
- 4. Unix:- The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Laboratories in United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas Mcllory, Joe Ossanna. It was first released in 1971 and was initially entirely written in assembly language. Later in 1973 Unix was rewritten in C by Dennis Ritchie (with exceptions to kernel and I/O). In 1984 AT&T divested itself of Bell Labs. Free of legal glitch Bell labs started selling Unix as a proprietary software. Unix grew quickly and became widely adopted in educational institutions and businesses.
- 5. The GNU:- The GNU project started in 1983 by Richard Stallman, Had the goal of creating a “Complete UNIX-compatible software system” composed entirely of free software. The development started in 1984 when Richard Stallman quit his job in MIT in order to make GNU a free software and so that no one could claim its ownership or interfere with its distribution as free software. In October 1985 Richard Stallman started the free software foundation that even today exists for open source and free software.
- 6. Richard Stallman or “RMS” is best known for launching the GNU Project, founding the Free Software Foundation, developing the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU Emacs, and writing the GNU General Public License. Richard Stallman
- 7. Linus BenedictTorvalds was the principle force behind the development of Linux kernel. He later became the chief architect for the Linux kernel. He was awarded the 2012 millennium technology award. LinusTorvalds
- 9. BSD stands for Berkeley Software Distribution. Also known as the Berkeley Unix. This was developed by the California University in the late 80’s.Though not publicly released till 1992 due to legal complications. BSD is another UNIX-like operating system just like Linux though released after Linux. LinusTorvalds himself said that he wouldn't have developed the Linux kernel if 386BSD would have been available at that time.
- 10. An abridged 12,000 lines of source code in C. MINIX is another UNIX-like OS based on micro kernel and inspired by Linux. MINIX stands for Mini Unix. Developed solely by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987, it was used for educational and research purposes only. MINIX is now available under the BSD license fromApril 2000. MINIX has released 5 versions of it so far.
- 11. Tux was designed by Larry Ewing in 1996.Though the penguin was originally the idea of LinusTorvalds. Tux the penguin is generally believed to be the mascot of Linux.Though there are many other depictions for it. Many video games for Linux were made onTux like SuperTux, SuperTux Kart etc. Various other mascots likeTuz were used throughout the past few years in order to promote Linux.
- 12. Linux today is the most popular free OS available for us. Different versions and different developers supporters of open source have come up and started distributing their own versions of it.Though the Kernel used is the same designed by Linus. Distributors like Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, MintPPC, LiMux, Kanotix etc. Have come up with different Linux shells like GNOME, UNITY, Cinnamon,Xfce,Trinity etc .To improvise and attract more people to it. LaTeX,GIMP, Libreoffice, Mozilla Firefox and such companies have come up to encourage open source softwares today.
- 13. The market share of Linux is constantly growing with people moving away from windows servers.The Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer in 2008 accepted that 60% of the servers run on Linux where as only 40% run onWindows. Since 2009 Google has provided funding for theWINE project. (WINE- Windows Under Linux) Though there is a lot of progress in the servers.The individual desktop ownership share of Linux is less than 1.74% where asWindows owns about 85%. About 90% of the top 500 Supercomputers run on a version of Linux, in which all of the top 10 run on Linux.
- 14. The GNU/Linux is the world’s biggest supporter of free software. Richard Stallman, LinusTorvalds have contributed more than 20 years of their lifetime in order to support and bring about a change in the modern world. The Free software Foundation (FSF) started by Richard Stallman today has billions of free applications contributed by millions of followers.