Logic gate based automatic water level controller

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 477
LOGIC GATE BASED AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
Md. Moyeed Abrar1
, Rajendra.R.Patil2
1
M-Tech Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Appa Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Appa Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A range of level control systems and methods are used in Industries. Systems may be based on the use of floats, probes or sensors.
Level control is one of continuous process that can be treated as an integrating process. The level controller can be applying on
temperature control, pressure control and water control etc. The level controller is used with electrical probes or sensors. The ele
ctrical probes are used with power supply and motor. The main objective of this paper is to design and develop an automatic water
level controller to maintain the outlet process of the water level at its desired level. The paper also focuses on the need of the people to
install automatic water level controller to avoid wastage of water.
Keywords: Automatic water level controller, Electrical probes or sensors, Level control, Power supply, motor.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Water scarcity is a major problem that is gripping the major
metro cities of the World; the main culprit is not availability
but undue wastage. Most of the people who have easy access
to resources like water have careless attitude toward this kind
of issues but people who face this problem knows the worth of
clean drinkable water and water for routine usage. The barrier
on wastage not only gives us more financial savings, it also
helps the environment and water cycle which in turn ensures
that we save water for our future.
The solution to this problem is to use an automatic water level
controller to avoid the water overflow and wastage. The
automatic water level controllers are highly recommended for
metro cities or areas where water is supplied through pipelines
which are further distributed in homes, hotels, society’s etc.
Now days it is becoming necessary for big and small houses,
bungalows, corporate, hospitals and multi storey buildings,
especially in metro cities and big towns where there is no
fixed time for water supply. In this regard the automatic water
level controller reduces the wastage of water by cutting down
any further overflow than what is needed.
The automatic water level controller designed here is on the
basis of electro mechanical system using the digital
technology [1], [2].The level controller can be used with
electrical probes or sensors. Here, the electrical probes are
used along with power supply and motor. The probes will be
inserted inside the tank and motor will pump as the water goes
down. The probes will detect the level of water and ON/OFF
the motor. The level controller used here is the water sensor
which will sense the low and high level of water in the water
tank. If the water is low, the motor will pump the water and
after the high level is reached it will stop to pump water [2],
[7].
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: section 2
describes the proposed system. The section 3 focuses on the
system design. The section 4 includes the features of
automatic water level controller. The section 5 illustrates the
advantages and disadvantages of the automatic water level
controller. The survey of the work is reported in section 6. The
section 7 includes the scope for future work. Finally section 8
summarizes the paper and presents the concluding remark.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
2.1 Problem Statement
Today most of the water tank users have replaced
conventional pumps with electrical pumps. But they find it
very inconvenient for the condition of water pump because
there is no effective water level indication system. As a result,
if the mechanical sensor fails, there is a plenty of water
wastage as well as wastage of power consumed by the motor
pump. So the solution to this problem is to use an automatic
water level controller using water sensor.
2.2 Architecture Overview
The block diagram of the automatic water level controller is
shown in fig.1. The operation is based on the low voltage AC
single sensing of levels. Water sensor is the level control
sensor that senses the rise and fall of water and actuates the
system. The three main units of the system are the overhead
water tank, the pump and the sump. The Pump used in the
system is a submersible pump.

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Fig 1 Functional block diagram of automatic water level
controller.
2.3 Circuit Schematic of Automatic Water Level
Controller
The Circuit schematic of the proposed system is shown in
fig.2.
Fig.2 Circuit schematic of Proposed system
2.4 Working of the Automatic Water Level
Controller
The automatic pump controller minimizes the need for any
manual switching of water pumps installed for the
functionality of pumping water from a reservoir to an
overhead tank. It instantly switches “ON” the pump once the
water level within the tank falls below a specific low level (L),
provided the water level in the reservoir is above a specific
level (R). Subsequently, because the water level in the tank
increases to an upper level (M), the pump is turned “OFF”
instantly. The pump is turned “ON” only if the water level
once again falls beneath level L in the tank, provided the level
inside the reservoir is above R. This automated action
continues. This is shown in fig.3.
Fig 3 working diagram of automating water level controller
The circuit is intended to “overlook” the transient oscillations
of the water level that would otherwise trigger the logic to
modify its state rapidly and unnecessarily. The circuit works
by using a single Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) chip (CD4001) for logic processing.[8]
No utilization of any moving electromechanical elements
within the water-level sensor has been made. This assures fast
reaction, no wear and tear and no mechanical problems. The
circuit diagram is seen on above image. The unit performed
satisfactorily on a test run in conjunction with a 0.5 HP motor
and pump. In this system, we are using submersible pump.
The sensors applied to the circuit could be any two conducting
probes, preferably resistant to electrolytic corrosion. For

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example, in the easiest case, an appropriately sealed audio jack
could be utilized to operate as the sensor.
The circuit may also be utilized like a constant fluid level
maintainer. For this objective, the probes M and L are brought
pretty near to one another to make sure that the fluid level is
maintained within the M and L levels.
The benefit of the system is that it could be applied to tanks,
reservoirs of any volume whatsoever. Even so, the circuit
cannot be applied for purely non conducting fluids. For non-
conducting fluids, some modifications have to be prepared in
the fluid level sensors. The circuit on the other hand can be
kept intact. The photographic view of the proposed system is
shown in fig.4.
Fig 4 photographic view of the proposed system..
3. DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL
CONTROLLER
The design of the automatic water level controller is carried
out by assigning the logic levels for the over head tank, sump
and the Pump set.
3.1 Logic Level Definitions from Sensors
For sump and overhead tank:
Logic-1 = water not present.
Logic -0= water present.
For pump set:
Logic-1= pump set “ON”.
Logic-0= pump set “OFF”.
The table 1 illustrates the logic assumed above and gives the
expression for the system design.
Table 1 Truth table for the system design
The expression for the system design is obtained above truth
table as
Y = (A.B).C (1)
Realizing the above expression with universal NOR gate
 Y = . .AB C
(2)
 Y = A.B +C
(3)
INPUT OUTPUT(Y
)
O.H TANK SUMP
LOWER
LEVEL
(C)
PUMP
STATUS
UPPER
LEVEL(A)
LOWER
LEVEL
(B)
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 X
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

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From De-Morgan’s theorem,
( . )A B A B  (4)
Applying De-Morgan’s theorem from equation (4) to equation
(3), we get
 Y = A+B +C
(5)
Since
C C (6)
4. FEATURES OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL
CONTROLLER
 Automatic water level controller will automatically
start the pump set as the water level falls below
predetermined level (usually ½ tank) and shall switch
off the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level
in the lower tank is at below the minimum level.
 Automatic water level controller provides the
flexibility to decide about the water levels for
operations of pump sets in upper/lower tanks.
 Automatic water level controller gives the water flow
indication as well as the voltage level indication.
 Automatic water level controller ensures no overflow
or dry running of pump thereby saves electricity and
water.
 Automatic water level controller can be treated as
auto/manual operation switch for special operations
like watering the plants from pump set.
 Automatic water level controller consumes little
energy and ideal for continuous operation.
 Automatic water level controller have low ac voltage
sensing circuit to avoid polarization of electrodes in
water (long live sensors requires very rare cleaning of
electrode ends) provided with special stainless steel
and conducting electrodes.
 Automatic water level controller has built in
indications for showing four levels in upper tank and
three levels in lower tank.
5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
5.1 Advantages
 Automatic water level controller is used to
automatically fill the overhead tank as and when it
gets empty and monitor the water level in it.
 Automatic water level controller is simple and easy to
install.
 Automatic water level controller has low
maintenance.
 Automatic water level controller has compact and
elegant design.
 Automatic water level controller is fully automatic.
 Automatic water level controller with its precise
working saves water and the motor energy.
 Automatic water level controller avoids the seepage
of walls and roofs when the tank overflows.
 Automatic water level controller is efficient in
operation and enhances the pump set life.
 Automatic water level controller is ideal as it is
difficult to access overhead tanks.
 Automatic water level controller has safe operation of
motor/pump within permissible voltage limits.
5.2 Disadvantages
 It is a passive electrical system and hence it requires
continuous power supply.
6. SURVEY OF THE WORK
The water level controller has gained wide attention in recent
years in India and the rest of the World. The survey of the
work was carried out in accordance with views of people of
Gulbarga district whether they have automatic water level
controller installed in their homes and if not, whether they
would like to install automatic water level controllers in their
homes. The response of the people to install automatic water
level controller in their homes was on much higher side. The
result of the survey is tabulated in table 2 as shown below.
Table 2 survey results for automatic water level controller
SL.
NO
NAME AND
ADDRESS
WATER
LEVEL
CONTROL
LER
PRESENT
OR NOT
(YES/NO)
WATER
LEVEL
CONTROLL
ER
PREFERRE
D OR NOT.
(YES/NO)
01 Md. Abdul Razak,
Rose cottage plot
no. 21, Nehru gunj
Bank colony,
Gulbarga.
YES YES
02 Syed Samiuddin,
H.no-11-1219 /1E,
Haji Yousuf
compound M.S.K
mill, Gulbarga.
NO YES
03 Puneet Ronad,
H.No 3-666
Gazipur, Gulbarga.
NO YES

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04 Iqbal Ahmed
Siddiqui. H.No- 7-
134/2B, Gouse
Nagar, Tarfile,
Gulbarga.
YES NO
05 Sharanbasava
Hosamani, plot no
14 Jewargi colony
Maka layout,
Gulbarga
NO YES
06 Md. Mushtaq
Ahmed, Bait –e-
Ibrahim complex,
Bilalbad colony,
Gulbarga.
NO YES
07 Dr. Sayeeduddin
H.No 6-116/2A,
Noorani mohella,
ring road Gulbarga
YES NO
08 Abdul Hakeem
H.No 5-993/233/A,
near S.B.H bank
Makka colony, Ring
road, Gulbarga
NO YES
09 Md. Abdul Muqeem
H.No. 7-990/3A,
near Nehru gunj,
Bank colony
Gulbarga.
NO YES
10 Masoom Ahmed
H.No 2-345/3B,
near Nasheman
school, ring road
Gulbarga
YES YES
11 Rasool khan H.No
5-845, Hussaini
Alam, chota roza,
Gulbarga.
YES YES
12 Md. Mujeeb H.No.
7-990/1A/5, beside
Nawaz burqua
house, Bank colony,
Gulbarga
NO YES
From table 2, we can see that out of the 12 results for
automatic water level controller present or not, 5 houses have
already installed automatic water level controller prior to our
survey and the remaining 7 houses were without automatic
water level controller. This is shown in the form of pie-chart
in fig.5. We can also observe from table 2 that, out of the 12
results for automatic water level controller preferred or not, 10
houses preferred to install and rest others were not keen to
install it. This is shown in the form of pie-chart in fig. 6.
Fig 5 Water level controller present or not
Fig 6 Water level controller preferred or not
7. SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
Agriculture is India’s largest industry and farmlands are
spread all over the country. Every crop cannot be cultivated in
all places as the soil is not suitable. Even if the soil is suitable
due to scarcity of water the land may not be usable. The
farmers are mostly dependent on monsoon rain. So the usage
of water appropriately is the need of the hour to get the
maximum yield. So in this scenario in our proposed system
three water level sensors can be used at three different heights
from ground level. According to the water requirements by the
crops, water can be allowed to the field by the motor. This is
one of the aspects that we can improve in our system.
The proposed system can be made more versatile. A number
of tailor made variations like control of multiple tanks or
multiple pumps are also possible in the future.
8. CONCLUSIONS
The automatic water level controller has been successfully
designed and developed. The sump pump is turned off and on
according to the water levels. Compare to other conventional
methods, the automatic water level controller shows excellent

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performance with its reliable digital technology and it is
cheaper and durable. The automatic water level controller is a
promising controller in terms of system response in water
level control with respect to the non linearity introduced by
pumps, valves and sensors.
Thus the automatic water level controller is a big boon as
concerned with the house hold applications as well as other
water saving purposes including agricultural sector and
industries. Based on the survey result, it is found that the
automatic water level controller has a rising demand and it is a
good asset from the electronics perspective.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all I would like to thank Almighty God by the grace
of whom I reached the stage of completion of this work. With
a deep sense of gratitude, I express my indebtedness to my
reverend guide Prof. Rajendra.R.Patil for his worthy advice,
commendable guidance, inspiration and encouragement which
were the sources of energy throughout this work. Without his
guidance it would have been difficult for me to understand the
wide spectrum of information detailing required in this work.
This avenue has been a turning point in my career to mould
me into professional. My sincere thanks to the President
Poojya Dr. Sharanabaswappa Appa, Dean of administration
Dr. Anil Kumar Bidve and Principal Dr. V.D Mytri of my
esteemed Institution, Appa Institute of Engineering and
Technology
I am also thankful to my father Md. Abdul Razak and my
mother Shaheda Begum, who have helped me pave this path to
success.
REFERENCES
[1]. Ning An; Sch. of Mechanical engineering, Hubei
polytechnic. University, Wuhan, China; Yu An. “A water
level controller for greenhouse sump tank”, Mechanic
Automation and control Engineering (MACE), 2011 second
International conference, Hohhot.
[2]. Chen Hongming; Dept. of Electronics Engineering,
Chienkuo technological University, Changhua; Chen Ziyi.
“Design of a composite of sliding mode controller applied to
water level control for a water tank level system”, Control
conference, Kunming 2008.
[3]. Hasan, M.R; Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka Bangladesh; Arifin,
K.; Rahman, A; Azad, A. “Design, implementation and
Performance of a controller for uninterruptible Solar hot water
system”. Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
(IE&EM) 2011 IEEE 18th International conference,
Changchun.
[4]. Bhambani, V.; Dept. of Electronics and Computer
Engineering, Utah state University, Logan, UT, USA; Yang
Quan Chen. “Experimental study of fractional order
proportional integral (FOPI) controller for water level
control”. 47th IEEE conference on Decision and Control,
Cancun 2008.
[5]. Joshani, M.; Dept. of Robotics and Autom. Control,
University of technology, Malaysia; Yusof, R.; Khalid, M.;
Cahyadi, A.I. “Swarm Intelligence based Fuzzy Controller –A
Design for Non linear Water Level Tank”. Intelligent Systems,
Modeling and Simulation (ISMS), 2012 Third International
conference Kota Kinabalu.
[6]. Yazdizadeh, A,; Power and water University of
Technology, Tehran, Iran; Mehrafrooz, A.; Farahani, K.D.;
Barzamini, R. “Adaptive PID Controller design with
application to non linear water level in NEKA power plant”.
Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP),
2014, 4th International Symposium, Limas sol.
[7]. Hong-Ming Chen; Chienkuo technological University,
Changhua, Zi-Yi Chen; Juhng-Perng Su. “Design of a Sliding
Mode Controller for a Water Tank Liquid Level Control
System”. Innovative Computing, Information and Control,
2007. ICICIC’07, second International conference,
Kumamoto.
[8]. Sojoudizadeh, R.; Department of Civil Engineering,
Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Iran; Aminifar, S;
Daneshwar, M.A; Yosefi, G. “Design of a new intelligent
CMOS controller chip for control water level in tanks”.
Education Technology and Computer (ICETC), 2010 2nd
International conference, (volume: 5), Shanghai.
BIOGRAPHIES
Md. Moyeed Abrar has successfully
completed his M-Tech in Digital
electronics from Appa Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Gulbarga,
Karnataka in July 2013. He has completed
B.E in Electrical and Electronics from PDA
College of Engineering, Gulbarga,
affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum,
Karnataka. His research areas of interests are Control systems,
Digital Circuits and logic design, Electrical machine design,
Power and Energy systems.
Rajendra R. Patil is working as Asst.
Professor in the Dept. of E&CE of Appa
Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Gulbarga, Karnataka, since 2007. Earlier
he has worked as R&D Engineer and
Asst. Manager in Motwane (P) Ltd
Bangalore, a pioneer in Industrial site communication systems.
He has done his B.E (E&CE) and M.Tech in PDA
Engineering College Gulbarga, affiliated to Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum Karnataka. Currently he is
pursuing PhD in Applied Electronics, Gulbarga University
Gulbarga. His research areas are antenna, wireless
communication, microcontrollers, nonmaterial, and
nanotechnology

Logic gate based automatic water level controller

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Logic gate based automatic water level controller