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LONG-TERM PRESERVATION OF 3D ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING DATA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
The document is a literature review on long-term digital preservation (LDP) of 3D architectural data, highlighting the challenges posed by digital obsolescence, complexity of data, and evolving software environments. It discusses the lack of standard processes and strategies for preserving 3D data, and emphasizes the need for adequate metadata, compression techniques, and effective access mechanisms. The review also outlines the application of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) framework in addressing these issues and proposes future research directions through the Duraark initiative.
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LONG-TERM PRESERVATION OF 3D ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING DATA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
- 1. LONG-TERM PRESERVATION OF3D ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING DATA: A LITERATURE REVIEW NOKOBIT 2013 Devinder Thapa Moutaz Haddara (presenter) Department of Computer Science, Electrical, and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
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- 3. Long-term Digital Preservation(LDP) • The series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital information for as long as necessary. • Involves the planning, resource allocation, and application of preservation methods and technologies to ensure that digital information of continuing value remains accessible and usable. • It combines policies, strategies and actions to ensure access to reformatted and born digital content regardless of the challenges of media failure and technological change. The goal of digital preservation is the accurate rendering of authenticated content over time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_preservation
- 4. LDP in anutshell…. Sustainability Availability LDP
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- 6. Example challenges ofLDP Digital decayDigital obsolescence
- 7. Example challenges ofLDP • Unlike traditional analog objects such as books, hand-drawn architectural models, and photographs where the user has unmediated access to the content, a digital object always needs a software environment to render it. These environments keep evolving and changing at a rapid pace, threatening the continuity of access to the content. • Physical storage media, data formats, hardware, and software all become obsolete over time, posing significant threats to the survival of the content.
- 8. Example challenges ofLDP • Huge amounts of digital data is created; • Many levels interact (hardware, software, file formats, meta data etc.); • Lots of dependencies (HW & SW, operating systems, device drivers and so on); • Fast technical development and short life span (digital obsolescence); • Metadata (technical, descriptive and administrative) • Expensive (cost for storage media is only about 20% of the total cost).
- 9. Big Data Dimensions(3Vs) 9 Data Complexity Volume Variety Velocity
- 10. Some terms • Buildinginformation modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. • Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a platform neutral, open file format specification that is not controlled by a single vendor or group of vendors. It is an object-based file format with a data model. IFC is an ISO Standard. • Point cloud is a set of data points in some coordinate system. In a three- dimensional coordinate system, these points are usually defined by X, Y, and Z coordinates, and often are intended to represent the external surface of an object. Used also in GIS systems.
- 11. Why 2D to3D CAD Models? • Making 2D drawings is fast and easy, but does not readily work with downstream systems like purchasing and manufacturing. • Prototyping machines require 3D data. • Viewing 3D cad models helps identify errors early. These errors can be found while simulating the matching and mating of parts. • Through the use of 3D cad, the assembly process of any given product can be simulated, visualized and analyzed before the design goes into production. • 3D cad models are essential beforehand in determining the volume of material needed to mold specific parts as well. The use of 3d cad files also ensures that a design has sufficient room for other parts within the design. • Building state over time. • Heritage preservation & building modifications (e.g. new insulations).
- 12. • The paradigmshift from 2D to 3D modelling; • The access mechanisms of current preservation systems in the architectural domain are based on simple metadata schemas inherited from the analogue world; • The absence of standard process and LDP strategies for 3D architectural data such as OAIS; • DURARK. Research Motivation
- 13. • Are theexisting works on the preservation of object- based 3D architectural data complying with all the OAIS process? • What are the challenges in various stages of the data ingestion by producers? • How does the preservation of 3D architectural data differ from general digital preservation? Research questions
- 14. Research Methodology Search libraryLuleå Tekniska Universitet (LTU) library science databases i.e. PRIMO Keywords 3D architectural data, 3D architectural model, long term digital preservation, LDP Period reviewed 2009 – 2013 Subject areas Computer science and Information Systems, Construction and Architectural Engineering, and Cultural Heritage Total Search results 152 publications Selected and reviewed 15 publications Language English Table 1. The literature review process
- 15. OAIS (Archive) Producer Consumer Management Adapted fromLavoie, Brian F. (2004). Theoretical Framework -OAIS Environment
- 16. Theoretical Framework -OAISEnvironment • To standardize digital preservation practice and provide a set of recommendations for preservation program implementation, the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) was developed. • OAIS is concerned with all technical aspects of a digital object’s life cycle: ingest, archival storage, data management, administration, access and preservation planning.
- 17. Theoretical Framework -OAISEnvironment • OAIS also addresses metadata issues and recommends that five types of metadata be attached to a digital object: • reference (identification) information, • provenance (including preservation history), • context, • fixity (authenticity indicators), • and representation (formatting, file structure, and what "imparts meaning to an object’s bitstream").
- 18. SIP: Submission InformationPack AIP: Archive Information Pack DIP: Dissemination Information Pack Theoretical Framework -OAIS
- 19. Findings Ingest Eastman et al.(2009), Vrubel et al. (2009), Bosché (2010), Antunes et al. (2011), Economidou et al. (2011), Eastman et al. (2011), Brunsmann et al. (2012), Dietze et al. (2012). Archival Storage Berners-Lee (2009), Doyle et al. (2009), Koller et al. (2009), Bosché et al. (2010), Hannus et al. (2010), Antunes et al. (2011), Brunsmann et al. (2012). Data Management Andrade et al. (2009), Berners-Lee (2009), Koller et al. (2009), Eastman et al. (2009), Vrubel et al. (2009), Bosché (2010), Hannus et al. (2010), Lubell (2010), Antunes et al. (2011), Eastman, et al. (2011), Brunsmann et al. (2012). Administration Andrade et al. (2009), Berners-Lee (2009), Eastman et al. (2009), Koller et al. (2009), Vrubel et al. (2009), Lubell (2010), Antunes et al. (2011), Eastman et al. (2011), Economidou et al. (2011)., Brunsmann et al. (2012), Dietze et al. (2012). Preservation Planning Doyle et al. (2009), Eastman et al. (2009), Koller et al. (2009), Bosché (2010), Lubell (2010), Antunes et al. (2011), Eastman et al. (2011), Brunsmann et al. (2012). Access Berners-Lee (2009), Eastman et al. (2009), Koller et al. (2009), Bosché, (2010), Antunes et al. (2011), Eastman et al. (2011).
- 20. Ingest • Heterogeneousand inconsistent metadata schemas and ontologies • Lack of standard file formats • No vendor-independent solution exists yet, which would allow the transparent, publically agreed storage of building-related concepts, properties, terminology and classifications • The open IFC/IFD file formats representations of the 3D data can be used Archival Storage • Original 3D model and the actual state of built architecture will vary • 3D point scanning can be one option Data management • Need for concept repositories, dictionaries and meta-classification schemas for the uniform description of building products Adminstration • Potential legal problems with 3D CAD licenses Preservation Planning • Lack an analysis in terms of OAIS preservation planning, particularly in terms of BIM and point clouds compression Access • There is no OAIS compliant system that currently provides access with semantically enhanced 3D-objects, develop highly sustainable objects in regard to self-documentation and future reuse and searchability. Findings
- 21. Discussion • The largelyfragmented nature of the industry and the large spectrum of involved subdomains have led to heterogeneous and inconsistent metadata schemas and ontologies for the description of building elements and their properties in highly enriched BIM models. Without tackling this problem, simple application of existing 3D long-term preservation strategies is widely useless as it prohibits efficient data reuse in the future; • The huge stock of legacy buildings that is represented either by by low- level legacy 2D CAD models requires elaborated methods of architecturally meaningful semantic enrichment, otherwise targeted retrieval in the long- term archive is not possible;
- 22. Discussion • Preservation planningas described in the OAIS model must be investigated for the case of 3D point cloud data regarding potential risks arising from the used storage format which unavoidably must rely on some compression techniques due to the sheer amount of data.
- 23. DURAARK/Future research DURAARK isexpected to contribute to the following main functional OAIS entities: • Ingest: DURAARK adds a domain specific quality assurance for the various data formats used for architectural 3D. DURARK plans to build on the already operational PROBADO 3D system as a first exemplary SIP producer. • Archival Storage: Adequate compression techniques will be investigated regarding the suitability for long-term archiving and eventually adopted. • Preservation Planning: A sample preservation planning for 3D objects will be elaborated with respect to the use-cases. • Access: Depending on the designated community DURAARK will provide various components to handle domain specific queries/requests and provide and convert the requested AIP into a corresponding Dissemination Information Package (DIP). This includes formulating queries e.g. searching for long-term archived data representing the state of a building.
- 24. Thank you foryour attention Q&A [email protected]
Editor's Notes
- #16 Open Archival Information System
- #21 BIM: Building Information Modelling The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model is intended to describe building and construction industry data. ISO Standard. DURAARK project will build on the open IFC file format for long-term preservation www.duraark.eu