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Server Virtualization

This document discusses server virtualization concepts including the advantages of virtualization, different types of virtualization, and virtualization products. It begins with an overview of server virtualization and defines virtualization. It then covers reasons for virtualization, virtualization concepts including hypervisor types, and advantages. It discusses different types of virtualization including operating system, desktop, application, service, and user virtualization. Finally, it provides examples of popular virtualization products and technologies including VMware ESX/ESXi, vMotion, and vSphere.

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Introduction to server virtualization and the overview of topics including concepts and products.

Virtualization allows applications to utilize resources across platforms without concern for location. Advantages include hardware cost savings, ease of management.

Concepts of server virtualization, types of hypervisors (Type 1, Type 2), and levels of virtualization including OS-level and desktop virtualization.

Types of virtualization including thin clients, application virtualization, and service virtualization, explaining how they function and their benefits.

Virtualization focusing on user experience, and related concepts such as hardware emulation and assisted virtualization.

Hardware emulation technologies, virtualization products including VMware ESX and ESXi, and their features for efficient server management.

VMware products for desktop and server virtualization including vMotion, Workstation, and vSphere, along with file system management for VMs.

OVF as a standard for distributing virtual machines, its features, and support by various major vendors.

PCoIP protocol for virtual desktops and a summary of virtualization concepts, technologies, and products.

List of commonly used acronyms in virtualization and a compilation of reading resources and Wikipedia links for further reference.

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Server Virtualization . Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 Jain@cse.wustl.edu These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-1 ©2013 Raj Jain
Overview 1. Why Virtualize? 2. Server Virtualization Concepts 3. Virtualization Products 4. A Sample of Virtualization Products 5. Open Virtualization Format (OVF) Note: Storage Virtualization and Network Virtualization will be discussed in subsequent lectures Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-2 ©2013 Raj Jain
Virtualization “Virtualization means that Applications can use a resource without any concern for where it resides, what the technical interface is, how it has been implemented, which platform it uses, and how much of it is available.” -Rick F. Van der Lans in Data Virtualization for Business Intelligence Systems Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-3 ©2013 Raj Jain
5 Reasons to Virtualize 1. Sharing: Break up a large resource Large Capacity or high-speed E.g., Servers 2. Isolation: Protection from other tenants E.g., Virtual Private Network 3. Aggregating: Combine many resources in to one, e.g., storage 10Gb 4. Dynamics: Fast allocation, Change/Mobility, load balancing, e.g., virtual machines Ease of Management  Easy distribution, deployment, testing http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis Switch Switch Switch Switch 5. 5-4 ©2013 Raj Jain
Advantages of Virtualization       Minimize hardware costs (CapEx) Multiple virtual servers on one physical hardware Easily move VMs to other data centers  Provide disaster recovery. Hardware maintenance.  Follow the sun (active users) or follow the moon (cheap power) Consolidate idle workloads. Usage is bursty and asynchronous. Increase device utilization Conserve power Free up unused physical resources Easier automation (Lower OpEx) Simplified provisioning/administration of hardware and software Scalability and Flexibility: Multiple operating systems Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization Ref: K. Hess, A. Newman, "Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization from the Trenches," Prentice Hall, 2009, ISBN:0137142978 http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis ©2013 Raj Jain 5-5
Virtualization in Computing    Storage:  Virtual Memory  L1, L2, L3, ...  Recursive  Virtual CDs, Virtual Disks (RAID), Cloud storage Computing:  Virtual Desktop  Virtual Server  Virtual Datacenter Thin Client  VMs  Cloud Networking: Plumbing of computing  Virtual Channels, Virtual LANs, Virtual Private Networks Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-6 ©2013 Raj Jain
Server Virtualization Concepts … Guest OSn Guest OS1 … Guest OSn Hypervisor Type 2 Host OS Hypervisor Type 1 Hardware Hardware Host OS: Runs on the bare metal Guest OS: Runs on the host OS, e.g., Windows XP Mode on Win 7 Hypervisor: Software to support multiple virtual machines  Type 1: Runs on bare metal, e.g., Xen, VMware ESXi  Type 2: Runs on a host OS, e.g., MS Virtual PC  Type 0: Both 1 and 2, e.g., Linux KVM Guest OS1    Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-7 ©2013 Raj Jain
Levels of Virtualization User Virtualization Application Virtualization Desktop Service Virtualization Operating System Virtualization Server Virtualization Storage Virtualization Network Virtualization  Network and Storage virtualization will be discussed in later modules of this course. Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-8 ©2013 Raj Jain
Operating System-Level Virtualization Container Container Container Operating System      Multiple isolated user spaces on the same operating system Example: Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2012, … Multiple users can remotely login and use the system. Only one operating system instance Guest operating system is similar or same as the host, E.g., Windows on Windows Applications of one user cannot affect other users aka Jails => Can be used to run suspect software E.g., iCore Virtual Accounts and Sandboxie Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-9 ©2013 Raj Jain
Desktop Virtualization       A Desktop system with multiple operating systems Example: Mac OS X and Windows at the same time Parallels Desktop for Mac Hypervisor type 1 similar to server virtualization Useful for testing software on multiple OS Reduced hardware cost This is local desktop virtualization … Guest OSn Hypervisor Type 1 Hardware Guest OS1 Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-10 ©2013 Raj Jain
Thin Client          Also called Remote Desktop Virtualization or Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) or Access Virtualization Remote server provides most of the computing and storage resources All programs and data is stored on remote servers Local computer is simple with limited resources Easy maintenance and upgrades Users can log in on any client Significant energy savings Example: Chrome books Zero Client: Power cable only. USB and communication via WiFi Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_client http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-11 ©2013 Raj Jain
Application Virtualization    Allows an application to run on many different operating systems and hardware Application byte code can run on different processors and operating systems usually using an interpreter or just-in-time (run-time) compilation Examples: Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_application_virtual_machines Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-12 ©2013 Raj Jain
Service Virtualization    Service is similar to but different from applications in that they are hidden from the end user Example services: Firewall, load balancer, Proxy Server Service virtualization: Virtual appliances implemented in software A load balancer’s IP address is advertised outside. It distributes the load to multiple servers. Load Balancer Washington University in St. Louis … http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-13 ©2013 Raj Jain
User Experience Virtualization      Aka User Virtualization Users see the same application interface regardless of the device: laptop, tablet, Smart Phone Users can roam from device to device User profiles and application settings are stored in a central data center or cloud Example: Microsoft UE-V Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_virtualization http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-14 ©2013 Raj Jain
Related Concepts     Hardware Emulation Hardware Assisted Virtualization Parallel Virtual Machines Paravirtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-15 ©2013 Raj Jain
Hardware Emulation   Mimic a different type of hardware, e.g., SPARC on PC Examples:  Microsoft Virtual PC for Mac: x86 on PowerPC  Bochs (pronounced Box): emulates x86 on UNIX, Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X  QEMU: Emulates x86, x8664, ARM, SPARC, PowerPC, MIPS, and m68k on x86, x8664, and PowerPC Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulation http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-16 ©2013 Raj Jain
Hardware Assisted Virtualization     Processors are designed to help virtualization For example, Intel-VT and AMD-V provide additional instructions that help virtualization Hypervisors can use these instructions to improve the performance Linux KVM, Microsoft Hyper-V, Microsoft Virtual PC, Xen, etc. use these features Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-17 ©2013 Raj Jain
Parallel Virtual Machines    One computing environment running on multiple computers PVM is also the name of an open source software that allows running a program in parallel on multiple machines Now grid computing and cluster computing is generally used Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_Machine http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-18 ©2013 Raj Jain
Paravirtualization    Hypervisor offers special APIs for operations that are difficult to run in a virtual environment Requires modifying the guest OS. Requires source code for the guest OS. Change and recompile for the hypervisor Example: paravirt-ops code in Linux provides a hypervisor agnostic interface between the hypervisor and guest kernels. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-19 ©2013 Raj Jain
Virtualization Products Microsoft Virtual PC: Included with Windows  Xen: Popular open source hypervisor from University of Cambridge. Endorsed by many manufacturers. Allows running multiple Linux-like operating systems at nearly native speeds. Citrix provides Xen extensions and support.  Oracle VM VirtualBox: runs on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows XP/Vista/7/8, Solaris, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD. Free.  Microsoft Hyper-V: Part of Windows 2008+ Server  Linux KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine): Uses Linux kernel as a hypervisor. Each VM uses its own unique kernel. Uses processor virtualization extensions (Intel-VT and AMD-V).  User-Mode Linux (UML): Uses an executable kernel and a root file system to create a VM. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines  Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualbox Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESXi Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-20 ©2013 Raj Jain
VMware ESX/ESXi   ESX: Bare metal embedded hypervisor for server virtualization in an enterprise data center. Creates VM0 for a Linux based service consol for management of hypervisor and other VMs  vMotion feature in ESX allows a live VM to move to another host. A copy of memory is sent to the new location and updated until the transfer. ESXi: Smaller footprint version of ESX. No service console. Free download. Many features require vCenter license.  vCenter allows managing multiple servers and to run vMotion and svMotion (Storage sync on the remote location) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ESX Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-21 ©2013 Raj Jain
VMware vMotion VM        Live migration of running VMs from one datacenter to another Live= <1 second interruption. Warm = few tens of seconds Allows VMs to move in/between datacenters VMware ESX servers VMs keep the same IP address  Same IP subnet/broadcast domain Requires LAN extension and Storage Extension (access storage from previous data center) Storage vMotion: Storage is moved before the VM Storage Caching can also be used Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-22 ©2013 Raj Jain
VMware ThinApp, View, Fusion    ThinApp: Portable application creator. Virtualizes resources such as environment variables, files, and registry keys. Allows programs to run from USB keys. View: Allows thin clients. Multiple clients share a remote server. A Linux or Mac OS X client can connect to remote server. Fusion: Hypervisor for Intel-based Macs  Allows running Windows, Linux, Solaris, along with OS X  Requires Intel-VT hardware virtualization support Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ThinApp Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmware_view Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmware_fusion http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-23 ©2013 Raj Jain
VMware Workstation and Player     Workstation: Hypervisor for virtual computing.  Virtualizes network adapters, disk drives, USB devices, CD/DVD drives.  Useful for testing client-server environments.  Requires hardware virtualization support.  Many ready-made VMs are available. Player: A freeware version of VMware workstation with limited VMware High Availability (HA) Virtual Machine File System (VMFS): Cluster file system for ESX cluster Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-24 ©2013 Raj Jain
VMware vSphere vSphere is the VMware’s product suite consisting of:  vCenter: Provisioning, management, and monitoring console for the cloud  ESX or ESXi: Type 1 hypervisor that runs on bare metal  Virtual SMP: VM running on two or more physical processors  Cluster = collection of servers that pool CPU/memory/storage for VMs  Pod = Collection of clusters grouped as a management unit  Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS): System for provisioning VMs and load balancing across multiple physical servers  vNetwork Distributed Switch (DVS): Maintains network runtime state as VMs move. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-25 ©2013 Raj Jain
File System for VMs Using VMware’s example:  All physical disks are clustered in to Pools  Each VM has a virtual disk in some pool with extension .vmdk  The disk is formatted using Virtual Machine File System (VMFS)  Thin Provisioning: Dynamic disk size. Occupies the minimum space required and grows as the data grows  Thick Provisioning: Static. Full size is allocated at creation  Linked Clone: All VMs use the same disk (generally read-only), e.g., operating system disk  Non-Linked Disk: Separate disks for each VM (writeable)  Persistent/Non-Persistent: Saved/Deleted on VM release. Permanent/Temporary files Ref: J. Langone and A. leibovici, “VMware View 5 Desktop Virtualization Solutions,” Packt Publishing, 2012, 288 pp. ISBN: 1849681120 http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis ©2013 Raj Jain 5-26
Open Virtualization Format (OVF)      Standalone software can be distributed as a virtual machine image, called, virtual appliance Independent of hypervisor or processor architecture OVF is the standard format for virtual appliances Standardized by DTMF (Distributed Management Task Force) Now ISO/IEC standard. OVF package consists of several files in a directory. An XML file with extension .ovf or a compliant format, e.g., .vmdk in the directory contains all the meta data required to run the package, e.g., hardware requirements, descriptions, security certificates, etc. VMware, Microsoft, Oracle, Citrix, IBM and many others support OVF Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_appliance Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-27 ©2013 Raj Jain
OVF (Cont)   OVF V1.1.0 supports single VM packages and packages containing multiple VMs constituting a multitier service Other popular format are Microsoft’s Virtual Hard Disk (VHD), and VMware’s Virtual Machine Disk (VMDK) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_%28file_format%29 Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-28 ©2013 Raj Jain
PCoIP Protocol        VMware proprietary protocol for virtual desktops Content-Aware: Text and graphics are treated differently Graphics is compressed Server Rendered: All pixels are rendered on the server No codec in the client Delivery optimization based on real-time network conditions Layered rendering: Graphics becomes clearer slowly Can be used with/without a hardware PCoIP card Alternatives:  Microsoft’s Remote Display Protocol (RDP)  Virtual Network Computing (VNC)  X Window System (X11) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCoIP#PCoIP_Protocol Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Protocol Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-29 ©2013 Raj Jain
Summary 1. Virtualization allows computation to be done anywhere anytime on any infrastructure Easy and efficient resource scheduling and management 2. Servers, storage, and network all need to be virtualized 3. Hypervisors of type 1 run on bare metal. Type 2 require a host OS. 4. MS Virtual PC, Xen, VMware ESX, and Virtual Box are examples of popular virtualization products. 5. OVF is the standard format for virtual images Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-30 ©2013 Raj Jain
Acronyms ACE API AVM CD DOM DRS DTMF DVD ESX FreeBSD GSX IEC ISO JVM KVM Application Control Engine (Cisco) Application Programming Interface Application Virtual Machines Compact Disk Domain Distributed Resource Scheduler Distributed Management Task Force Digital Video Disk VMware Product Name Free Berkeley System Distribution VMware Product Name International Electro technical Commission International Standards Organization Java Virtual Machine Kernel Virtual Machine Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-31 ©2013 Raj Jain
Acronyms (Cont) MS OS OVF PC SMP SPARC svMotion UML USB VHD VM VMFS vMotion XML Microsoft Operating System Open Virtualization Format Personal Computer Symmetric Multiprocessing Scalable Processor Architecture (Sun/Oracle) Storage virtual motion User-Mode Linux Universal Serial Bus Virtual Hard Disk Virtual Machine Virtual Machine File System Virtual Motion eXtensible Markup Language Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-32 ©2013 Raj Jain
Reading List     K. Hess, A. Newman, "Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization from the Trenches," Prentice Hall, 2009, ISBN:0137142978 (Safari Book) L. C. Miller, “Server Virtualization for Dummies,” Wiley, 2012, Oracle Special Edition, http://www.oracle.com/oms/hardware/extremeperformance/assets/ept -eb-dummies-server-1641465.pdf C. Scheffy, “Virtualization for Dummies,” Wiley 2007, AMD Special Edition, http://www.amd.com/us/Documents/Virt_for_Dummies.pdf B. Golden, “Virtualization for Dummies,” Wiley, 2011, HP special edition, https://ssl.www8.hp.com/de/de/pdf/virtuallisation_tcm_144_1147500 .pdf Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-33 ©2013 Raj Jain
Wikipedia Links             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_application_virtua l_machines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_ machines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESXi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemlevel_virtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-34 ©2013 Raj Jain
Wikipedia Links (Cont)              http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_Machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_%28file_format%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_appliance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualbox http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ESX http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ThinApp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Virtual_PC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-35 ©2013 Raj Jain
Related Web Sites  Open Virtualization Format (OVF), http://www.dmtf.org/standards/ovf (OVF standard documents) Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-36 ©2013 Raj Jain

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Server Virtualization

  • 1.
    Server Virtualization . Raj Jain Washington Universityin Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 [email protected] These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-1 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 2.
    Overview 1. Why Virtualize? 2.Server Virtualization Concepts 3. Virtualization Products 4. A Sample of Virtualization Products 5. Open Virtualization Format (OVF) Note: Storage Virtualization and Network Virtualization will be discussed in subsequent lectures Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-2 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 3.
    Virtualization “Virtualization means thatApplications can use a resource without any concern for where it resides, what the technical interface is, how it has been implemented, which platform it uses, and how much of it is available.” -Rick F. Van der Lans in Data Virtualization for Business Intelligence Systems Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-3 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 4.
    5 Reasons toVirtualize 1. Sharing: Break up a large resource Large Capacity or high-speed E.g., Servers 2. Isolation: Protection from other tenants E.g., Virtual Private Network 3. Aggregating: Combine many resources in to one, e.g., storage 10Gb 4. Dynamics: Fast allocation, Change/Mobility, load balancing, e.g., virtual machines Ease of Management  Easy distribution, deployment, testing http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis Switch Switch Switch Switch 5. 5-4 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 5.
    Advantages of Virtualization       Minimizehardware costs (CapEx) Multiple virtual servers on one physical hardware Easily move VMs to other data centers  Provide disaster recovery. Hardware maintenance.  Follow the sun (active users) or follow the moon (cheap power) Consolidate idle workloads. Usage is bursty and asynchronous. Increase device utilization Conserve power Free up unused physical resources Easier automation (Lower OpEx) Simplified provisioning/administration of hardware and software Scalability and Flexibility: Multiple operating systems Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization Ref: K. Hess, A. Newman, "Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization from the Trenches," Prentice Hall, 2009, ISBN:0137142978 http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis ©2013 Raj Jain 5-5
  • 6.
    Virtualization in Computing    Storage: Virtual Memory  L1, L2, L3, ...  Recursive  Virtual CDs, Virtual Disks (RAID), Cloud storage Computing:  Virtual Desktop  Virtual Server  Virtual Datacenter Thin Client  VMs  Cloud Networking: Plumbing of computing  Virtual Channels, Virtual LANs, Virtual Private Networks Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-6 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 7.
    Server Virtualization Concepts …Guest OSn Guest OS1 … Guest OSn Hypervisor Type 2 Host OS Hypervisor Type 1 Hardware Hardware Host OS: Runs on the bare metal Guest OS: Runs on the host OS, e.g., Windows XP Mode on Win 7 Hypervisor: Software to support multiple virtual machines  Type 1: Runs on bare metal, e.g., Xen, VMware ESXi  Type 2: Runs on a host OS, e.g., MS Virtual PC  Type 0: Both 1 and 2, e.g., Linux KVM Guest OS1    Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-7 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 8.
    Levels of Virtualization UserVirtualization Application Virtualization Desktop Service Virtualization Operating System Virtualization Server Virtualization Storage Virtualization Network Virtualization  Network and Storage virtualization will be discussed in later modules of this course. Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-8 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 9.
    Operating System-Level Virtualization Container Container Container OperatingSystem      Multiple isolated user spaces on the same operating system Example: Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2012, … Multiple users can remotely login and use the system. Only one operating system instance Guest operating system is similar or same as the host, E.g., Windows on Windows Applications of one user cannot affect other users aka Jails => Can be used to run suspect software E.g., iCore Virtual Accounts and Sandboxie Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system-level_virtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-9 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 10.
    Desktop Virtualization       A Desktopsystem with multiple operating systems Example: Mac OS X and Windows at the same time Parallels Desktop for Mac Hypervisor type 1 similar to server virtualization Useful for testing software on multiple OS Reduced hardware cost This is local desktop virtualization … Guest OSn Hypervisor Type 1 Hardware Guest OS1 Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-10 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 11.
    Thin Client          Also calledRemote Desktop Virtualization or Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) or Access Virtualization Remote server provides most of the computing and storage resources All programs and data is stored on remote servers Local computer is simple with limited resources Easy maintenance and upgrades Users can log in on any client Significant energy savings Example: Chrome books Zero Client: Power cable only. USB and communication via WiFi Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_client http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-11 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 12.
    Application Virtualization    Allows anapplication to run on many different operating systems and hardware Application byte code can run on different processors and operating systems usually using an interpreter or just-in-time (run-time) compilation Examples: Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_application_virtual_machines Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-12 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 13.
    Service Virtualization    Service issimilar to but different from applications in that they are hidden from the end user Example services: Firewall, load balancer, Proxy Server Service virtualization: Virtual appliances implemented in software A load balancer’s IP address is advertised outside. It distributes the load to multiple servers. Load Balancer Washington University in St. Louis … http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-13 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 14.
    User Experience Virtualization      AkaUser Virtualization Users see the same application interface regardless of the device: laptop, tablet, Smart Phone Users can roam from device to device User profiles and application settings are stored in a central data center or cloud Example: Microsoft UE-V Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_virtualization http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-14 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 15.
    Related Concepts     Hardware Emulation HardwareAssisted Virtualization Parallel Virtual Machines Paravirtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-15 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 16.
    Hardware Emulation   Mimic adifferent type of hardware, e.g., SPARC on PC Examples:  Microsoft Virtual PC for Mac: x86 on PowerPC  Bochs (pronounced Box): emulates x86 on UNIX, Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X  QEMU: Emulates x86, x8664, ARM, SPARC, PowerPC, MIPS, and m68k on x86, x8664, and PowerPC Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulation http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-16 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 17.
    Hardware Assisted Virtualization     Processorsare designed to help virtualization For example, Intel-VT and AMD-V provide additional instructions that help virtualization Hypervisors can use these instructions to improve the performance Linux KVM, Microsoft Hyper-V, Microsoft Virtual PC, Xen, etc. use these features Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-17 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 18.
    Parallel Virtual Machines    Onecomputing environment running on multiple computers PVM is also the name of an open source software that allows running a program in parallel on multiple machines Now grid computing and cluster computing is generally used Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_Machine http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-18 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 19.
    Paravirtualization    Hypervisor offers specialAPIs for operations that are difficult to run in a virtual environment Requires modifying the guest OS. Requires source code for the guest OS. Change and recompile for the hypervisor Example: paravirt-ops code in Linux provides a hypervisor agnostic interface between the hypervisor and guest kernels. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-19 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 20.
    Virtualization Products Microsoft VirtualPC: Included with Windows  Xen: Popular open source hypervisor from University of Cambridge. Endorsed by many manufacturers. Allows running multiple Linux-like operating systems at nearly native speeds. Citrix provides Xen extensions and support.  Oracle VM VirtualBox: runs on Linux, Mac OS X, Windows XP/Vista/7/8, Solaris, OpenSolaris, FreeBSD. Free.  Microsoft Hyper-V: Part of Windows 2008+ Server  Linux KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine): Uses Linux kernel as a hypervisor. Each VM uses its own unique kernel. Uses processor virtualization extensions (Intel-VT and AMD-V).  User-Mode Linux (UML): Uses an executable kernel and a root file system to create a VM. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines  Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualbox Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESXi Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-20 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 21.
    VMware ESX/ESXi   ESX: Baremetal embedded hypervisor for server virtualization in an enterprise data center. Creates VM0 for a Linux based service consol for management of hypervisor and other VMs  vMotion feature in ESX allows a live VM to move to another host. A copy of memory is sent to the new location and updated until the transfer. ESXi: Smaller footprint version of ESX. No service console. Free download. Many features require vCenter license.  vCenter allows managing multiple servers and to run vMotion and svMotion (Storage sync on the remote location) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ESX Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-21 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 22.
    VMware vMotion VM        Live migrationof running VMs from one datacenter to another Live= <1 second interruption. Warm = few tens of seconds Allows VMs to move in/between datacenters VMware ESX servers VMs keep the same IP address  Same IP subnet/broadcast domain Requires LAN extension and Storage Extension (access storage from previous data center) Storage vMotion: Storage is moved before the VM Storage Caching can also be used Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-22 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 23.
    VMware ThinApp, View,Fusion    ThinApp: Portable application creator. Virtualizes resources such as environment variables, files, and registry keys. Allows programs to run from USB keys. View: Allows thin clients. Multiple clients share a remote server. A Linux or Mac OS X client can connect to remote server. Fusion: Hypervisor for Intel-based Macs  Allows running Windows, Linux, Solaris, along with OS X  Requires Intel-VT hardware virtualization support Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ThinApp Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmware_view Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmware_fusion http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-23 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 24.
    VMware Workstation andPlayer     Workstation: Hypervisor for virtual computing.  Virtualizes network adapters, disk drives, USB devices, CD/DVD drives.  Useful for testing client-server environments.  Requires hardware virtualization support.  Many ready-made VMs are available. Player: A freeware version of VMware workstation with limited VMware High Availability (HA) Virtual Machine File System (VMFS): Cluster file system for ESX cluster Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-24 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 25.
    VMware vSphere vSphere isthe VMware’s product suite consisting of:  vCenter: Provisioning, management, and monitoring console for the cloud  ESX or ESXi: Type 1 hypervisor that runs on bare metal  Virtual SMP: VM running on two or more physical processors  Cluster = collection of servers that pool CPU/memory/storage for VMs  Pod = Collection of clusters grouped as a management unit  Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS): System for provisioning VMs and load balancing across multiple physical servers  vNetwork Distributed Switch (DVS): Maintains network runtime state as VMs move. Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-25 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 26.
    File System forVMs Using VMware’s example:  All physical disks are clustered in to Pools  Each VM has a virtual disk in some pool with extension .vmdk  The disk is formatted using Virtual Machine File System (VMFS)  Thin Provisioning: Dynamic disk size. Occupies the minimum space required and grows as the data grows  Thick Provisioning: Static. Full size is allocated at creation  Linked Clone: All VMs use the same disk (generally read-only), e.g., operating system disk  Non-Linked Disk: Separate disks for each VM (writeable)  Persistent/Non-Persistent: Saved/Deleted on VM release. Permanent/Temporary files Ref: J. Langone and A. leibovici, “VMware View 5 Desktop Virtualization Solutions,” Packt Publishing, 2012, 288 pp. ISBN: 1849681120 http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis ©2013 Raj Jain 5-26
  • 27.
    Open Virtualization Format(OVF)      Standalone software can be distributed as a virtual machine image, called, virtual appliance Independent of hypervisor or processor architecture OVF is the standard format for virtual appliances Standardized by DTMF (Distributed Management Task Force) Now ISO/IEC standard. OVF package consists of several files in a directory. An XML file with extension .ovf or a compliant format, e.g., .vmdk in the directory contains all the meta data required to run the package, e.g., hardware requirements, descriptions, security certificates, etc. VMware, Microsoft, Oracle, Citrix, IBM and many others support OVF Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_appliance Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ Washington University in St. Louis 5-27 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 28.
    OVF (Cont)   OVF V1.1.0supports single VM packages and packages containing multiple VMs constituting a multitier service Other popular format are Microsoft’s Virtual Hard Disk (VHD), and VMware’s Virtual Machine Disk (VMDK) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_%28file_format%29 Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-28 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 29.
    PCoIP Protocol        VMware proprietaryprotocol for virtual desktops Content-Aware: Text and graphics are treated differently Graphics is compressed Server Rendered: All pixels are rendered on the server No codec in the client Delivery optimization based on real-time network conditions Layered rendering: Graphics becomes clearer slowly Can be used with/without a hardware PCoIP card Alternatives:  Microsoft’s Remote Display Protocol (RDP)  Virtual Network Computing (VNC)  X Window System (X11) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCoIP#PCoIP_Protocol Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Protocol Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-29 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 30.
    Summary 1. Virtualization allowscomputation to be done anywhere anytime on any infrastructure Easy and efficient resource scheduling and management 2. Servers, storage, and network all need to be virtualized 3. Hypervisors of type 1 run on bare metal. Type 2 require a host OS. 4. MS Virtual PC, Xen, VMware ESX, and Virtual Box are examples of popular virtualization products. 5. OVF is the standard format for virtual images Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-30 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 31.
    Acronyms ACE API AVM CD DOM DRS DTMF DVD ESX FreeBSD GSX IEC ISO JVM KVM Application Control Engine(Cisco) Application Programming Interface Application Virtual Machines Compact Disk Domain Distributed Resource Scheduler Distributed Management Task Force Digital Video Disk VMware Product Name Free Berkeley System Distribution VMware Product Name International Electro technical Commission International Standards Organization Java Virtual Machine Kernel Virtual Machine Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-31 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 32.
    Acronyms (Cont) MS OS OVF PC SMP SPARC svMotion UML USB VHD VM VMFS vMotion XML Microsoft Operating System OpenVirtualization Format Personal Computer Symmetric Multiprocessing Scalable Processor Architecture (Sun/Oracle) Storage virtual motion User-Mode Linux Universal Serial Bus Virtual Hard Disk Virtual Machine Virtual Machine File System Virtual Motion eXtensible Markup Language Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-32 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 33.
    Reading List     K. Hess,A. Newman, "Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization from the Trenches," Prentice Hall, 2009, ISBN:0137142978 (Safari Book) L. C. Miller, “Server Virtualization for Dummies,” Wiley, 2012, Oracle Special Edition, http://www.oracle.com/oms/hardware/extremeperformance/assets/ept -eb-dummies-server-1641465.pdf C. Scheffy, “Virtualization for Dummies,” Wiley 2007, AMD Special Edition, http://www.amd.com/us/Documents/Virt_for_Dummies.pdf B. Golden, “Virtualization for Dummies,” Wiley, 2011, HP special edition, https://ssl.www8.hp.com/de/de/pdf/virtuallisation_tcm_144_1147500 .pdf Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-33 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 34.
    Wikipedia Links             http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_application_virtua l_machines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_ machines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESXi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemlevel_virtualization Washington Universityin St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-34 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 35.
    Wikipedia Links (Cont)              http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_Machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHD_%28file_format%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_appliance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualbox http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMDK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ESX http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ThinApp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Virtual_PC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen WashingtonUniversity in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-35 ©2013 Raj Jain
  • 36.
    Related Web Sites  OpenVirtualization Format (OVF), http://www.dmtf.org/standards/ovf (OVF standard documents) Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-13/ 5-36 ©2013 Raj Jain