Machine to machine communication enabled internet of things: a review

International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
Vol. 11, No. 2, July 2022, pp. 126~134
ISSN: 2089-4864, DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v11.i2.pp126-134  126
Journal homepage: http://ijres.iaescore.com
Machine to machine communication enabled internet of things:
a review
Rajagopal Sudarmani1
, Kanagaraj Venusamy2
, Sathish Sivaraman3
, Poongodi Jayaraman3
,
Kannadhasan Suriyan4
, Manjunathan Alagarsamy5
1
School of Engineering, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-AI Mussanah, AI Muladdha, Oman
3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Ranganathar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cheran College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
5
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Dec 24, 2021
Revised Jan 22, 2022
Accepted Feb 12, 2022
Internet of things (IoT) will be the main part in upcoming generation devices
that would not simply sense and report, also will have the controlling
capability. It may be a connected vehicle, connected devices, robot, a
building automation system, a door lock or a thermostat, these connected
machines or devices will provide greater impact on our daily lives. Control
data and the operating instructions could be protected to ensure control and
autonomy for our safety and security, this could be a critical task. Privacy
and security are important consideration in designing the system. With the
intense growth of devices or devices with facilities such as computing and
communication are carried out using a profound technology known as
machine to machine (M2M) communication, which is specially designed for
cross‐platform integration. In many industries, smart homes, smart cities,
smart agriculture, government, connected devices, security, healthcare,
education, public safety, and supply chain management. Internet of things
(IoT) and machine to machine communication have to be implemented in
near future. Also, this paper gives an in depth view about the different M2M
techniques with interconnected IoT for truly connected, smart, and
sustainable world.
Keywords:
Communication protocols
Internet of things
Machine to machine
communication
Network stack
Security
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Rajagopal Sudarmani
School of Engineering, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women
Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
Email: sudarmani_ece@avinuty.ac.in
1. INTRODUCTION
Technological advancement during the recent decade leads to the exponential growth of the
“connected devices” which are connected to the internet, due to the number of devices used by everyone gets
increasing (e.g. smartphones, iPads, Kindles, and digital television) [1]. Also, the mobile devices are already
gets exceeded approximately 6 billion and also users starting to use multiple devices at a time. In connection
with that machine to machine (M2M) connections are needed to establish connections.
The innovative technology which capture a real time event from a device and transfers the captured
event details to another device using a wire line communication or wireless communication, where a
meaningful information is transferred using M2M techniques. More generic entities such as sensors,
actuators, smart devices, human beings, and any other objects will able to communicate with other anytime
and anywhere is possible due to the availability of internet. These M2M devices are connected through an

Int J Reconfigurable & Embedded Syst ISSN: 2089-4864 
Machine to machine communication enabled internet of things: a review (Rajagopal Sudarmani)
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innovative internet medium based on technical and societal perspectives [2]. Several economy related
business organizations and sectors are expected to disrupt because of the exponential growth in
communications industries and the wider global economy, the connected devices, M2M, and the internet of
things (IoT). Hence, the growths in traffic generated by M2M devices are rapid. The two important growing
technologies M2M and IoT are the trending technology which serve as the base for the future world. This
technology tends to occupy within the physical world of anything that of intrigued are to watch, oversee and
control by individuals, businesses, or organizations will be associated and will offer administrations by
means of the internet. The physical substances could be farmland, common assets like discuss, buildings and
individual real-world concepts over the course will work. Due to the increased adaptation of internet and
internet protocol and also the decreasing cost of semiconductor components the two technologies are
progressing over the last decades in a considerable manner.
Business models with autonomy in different sectors can be created by M2M and IoT, which uses the
embedded technologies, and connecting the multitude of different small devices and things to the internet.
The contributing techniques in future IoT are machine learning based technologies, large amount of data and
cloud and data analytics. Managing big data increases the complexity of information also the automation in
actions and control of real-world assets are required. It requires the technological development swhich should
go beyond the existing big data [2].
2. SYSTEM MODEL
M2M maybe a computing and communication facility with freed from any human intervention
which provides solutions that allow communication between machines or devices. It is almost like an
industrial supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA). SCADA is supposed for isolated
systems using proprietary solutions, whereas machine to machine (M2M) are meant for cross platform
integration. Using machine to machine solutions, end users can obtain data regarding occurrences from
assets, such as temperature or inventory levels [2]. The applications of M2M includes such as: i)
environmental monitoring, ii) public safety and civil protections, iii) healthcare, iv) energy and utility
distribution industry (smart grid), v) intelligent transport systems (ITSs), vi) supply chain management
(SCM), vii) automation of building, viii) home networks, ix) agriculture, and x) military applications [3].
M2M solutions, on the other hand, do not typically allow for the broad exchange of data or the
connection of devices to the internet. Also, the features of M2M includes sizable amount of nodes or devices,
at low cost and low power consumption, traffic is less for small device/machine, huge data collection,
intervention less M2M and human response required for operational stability and sustainability. M2M
contains three kinds of nodes. They are high, mid and low end nodes [2]. The characteristics of each category
of sensor node vary, according that its application environments also differ.
2.1. Architecture of M2M ecosystem
It consists of certain type of providers such as device, internet service, platform, service, and service
users. The M2M ecosystem and its service networking are given in Figures 1 and 2 [4]. A generic system
solution is given in Figure 3.
Figure 1. M2M ecosystem Figure 2. IoT network stack

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Figure 3. A generic M2M system solution
2.2. M2M device platform
It allows accessing things or devices connected to the web anytime, anywhere. Saved machines or
devices are able to create a database which includes managers, users and other services which can easily
access the stored data. Manage device profiles, like location, sort of device, address and contour. Also, the
authentication and authorization key management functionalities are carried out by this.
2.3. M2M user platform
This platform manages user profiles of the M2M service and provides features such as modification
of user registration, recharging and searching. In addition, it interacts with device's platform and handles the
complete ban on device, object network, and service user access. An administrative advantage could be
provided to Service providers and device managers on their devices or networks as well. The administrators
can manage the devices through controlling and monitoring the devices [5], [6].
2.4. M2M application platform
It allows integrated services stand on device collected datasets. Heterogeneous data can be merged
from various devices which can be used for creating new services. In addition, it collects data from the
control processing logbook for device management by functioning with device platform. Management of the
interrelation to an appropriate network is provided for transparent services [1].
2.5. M2M access platform
It provides services through this platform to M2M devices, also provides app management for smart
device apps. Application management manages application registration by developers and provides the
plotting relationship between applications and the devices. The mapping feature issues a file of applications
for suitable machines.
2.6. Overview of IoT protocols
Internet of things ecosystem can a raise not dissimilar to the present web, where ever as devices,
networks and application levels are inter linked. Machine to machine communicationtechnologiesare sensor
nodes with networks, radio-frequency identification (RFID), mobile internet, wire line and wireless
communication network, Bluetooth LE/Smart, IEEE 802.15.4 ((low-rate wireless personal area networks
(LR-WPAN); e.g. ZigBee, internet engineering task force (IETF), IPv6-enabled low-power wireless personal
area networks (6LoWPAN), routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL), constrained
application protocol (CoAP), ISA100.11a, and WirelessHART), M-BUS, Wireless M-BUS, KNX, power line
communication (PLC), and IPv4/IPv6. In personal area network (PAN)/home area network (HAN)/local area
network (LAN)/field area network (FAN), low power wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth low energy (BLE), ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN, Z-wave may also be used to connect devices to the
M2M Gate way node. GSM 3G/4G or fixed bandwidth/FTTH could also be used to connect machine to
machine communication gateway node to the main server (See Figure 4).
2.7. IoT protocols
Very small size data are often sent by low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies which
include SigfoxandLoRa. Release of 3GPP, it is possible for a cellular operator to design an LPWAN, which
they would call EC-GSM-IoT, LTE-M, or NBIoT. Enrolling firms, such as telecom and information
technology (ICT) businesses, in IPv6 addressing can present an opportunity to reach billions of devices that
can be internet protocol (IP)-enabled and fully addressable over mobile or wired broadband connections.
Availability of heterogeneous network in IoT, which has devices that have an IP address and others that do
not have an IP address connected through IP gateways. We are getting closer to having the IoT platform
connected to the gateways. Some form of batch-level sensor data is generated as a natural consequence of
using sensors, and this would necessitate large-scale data analytics, which might be applied to framing
intelligence, which could be utilized for several other purposes including planning and operational
optimization [7]–[9].
Asset M2M
Device
Service
Enablement
Enterprise
Processes
Application
Sensing
Actuation
Fig 4. A generic M2M systemsolution
Network

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Recently, throughput efficiency was enhanced by the standard IEEE 802.11n. High throughput was
obtained by IEEE 802.11ac, focusing in 5 GHz band. IEEE 802.11ah allows number of network device to
cooperate greater than 1 GHz (ISM) band. The main focus is to increase the efficiency and also to exploit the
collaboration to extend the range. This standard aims in fast development of internet of things and machine to
machine application which exploit burst–such as transmissions. They possess similarity as of traditional
wireless sensor network (WSN) theories, which includes the technologies namely 6LoWPAN, RPL, and
CoAP [10], [11].
Figure 4. M2M network
2.8. CoAP
The basic structure of CoAP which is already available is free and operable for any kind of IoT
device, it stables to be mostly overweight and power consuming for many IoT usage events. CoAPis meant in
such how that it meets the wants of hypertext transfer. The IoT built on protocols such as hypertext transfer
protocol (HTTP) or user datagram protocol (UDP), which utilizes UDP to ensure that communication
between devices is highly secure. Units per transacation UPT, by being open to multi-casting and
broadcasting, enables the use of a smaller amount of bandwidth, helping maintain fast communication speeds
while also using a minimum amount of bandwidth. This makes it an honest fit for use in resource-constrained
M2M applications. On the other hand, CoAP shares similarities with HTTP in that the RESTful framework
for appliance endpoints can also enable an invitation/response communication mechanism. In addition, CoAP
implements HTTP retrieve, post, post, and delete methods, which eliminates the possibility of
misinterpretation in customer communication. It incorporates the datagram transport layer security (DTLS) to
enable the transfer of IoT data as well as safe data exchange via the transport layer. The need for a light
protocol to meet the demands of battery-powered or low-power devices is satisfied by CoAP, which fully
meets these needs. Overall, when it concerns currently utilized web service-based IoT systems, CoAP may be
a good fit [1], [12].
2.9. Bluetooth low energy
Bluetooth low energy (BLE) is designed in such a way that it is cost efficient and energy efficient. It
is integrated in many smartphones due to its high efficiency. Low Power Networks are considered as another
eminent technology which forms the base layer for IoT. IEEE802.15.4 is one of the protocols which is
considered as first used protocol in practical experiments and researches in wireless sensors networks.
Low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN) can be used in ISM standard at frequency
around 433 MHz, 868/915 MHz, and 2.5 GHz. Depending on transmission power level and selected band,
the data rates are supported between 20 to 256 kbps. In active modes, the radio transceivers intake power in
tens of milli-Watts range which means that they are still insufficient in providing long battery life for
continuous operation. During transmission and listening, radio duty cycling manages radio frequency
integrated circuit (RFIC)active periods.
2.10. Wireless devices
The more recent derivatives ZigBee IP, ZigBee RF4CE, wirelessHART, ISA 100.a inherit this
technology at very fundamental step asIEEE802.15.4 defines the physical layer where numerous of low-
energy communications specifications have been created [4].

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2.11. Message queuing telemetry transport
Message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) is defined as a lightweight publication or subscription
type (pub/sub) messaging protocol. These are mainly framed for battery-powered devices. The configuration
of MQTT is very simple and less weight and also provides very low power consumption for the devices.
MQTT is based on a concept of subscriber, publisher, and broker. The publisher's role in this model is to
gather information and distribute it to subscribers via a brokerage of brokers. On the other side, the
publisher's primary job is to ensure security by cross-checking the credentials of publishers and subscribers.
The MQTT will satisfy the wants like consuming less energy, least bandwidth and working over wireless
networks, best reliability and tiny handling and high memory resources.
2.12. Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transfer data at specific frequencies, such as 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz channels.
Multiple channels are found in both frequency ranges, which allow different wireless devices to operate, this
distributes the load in such a way that the individual connections of the devices are not disrupted. This often
protects the wireless networks from overflowing. The 100 m limit is the standard limit for a standard Wi-Fi
connection. However, 10-35 m is the most common range for Wi-Fi [13].
2.13. ZigBee
ZigBee is designed for self-configuration, for use in short-distance radio networks, telemetry
systems, various types of sensors, surveillance devices and also in wireless reading of energy and heat
meters.
2.14. Bluetooth
Bluetooth technology allows the wireless connection of different electronic devices namely
smartphone, headset or speakerphone, keyboard, personal computer, laptop, mouse, palm top, printer, and so
on. If you haven't yet created a wiki page-style definition, it's an open standard protocol defined by the IEEE
802.15.1 specification. Its technical specification contains three classes of transmission power, designated
ERP 1-3, in the 100 and 10 kilowatt levels, respectively. The second (10 m) class is the most common class
as it allows you to connect with the existing devices in various rooms, moreover on the different platforms.
Bluetooth makes use of radio waves within frequency range of 2.4 GHz ISM wave band, therefore
the Bluetooth adapter is the gadget that helps in making use of this protocol. As the Bluetooth protocol was
upgraded from version 1.0 to 1.1, it could transfer data in batches of packets with 79 channels and an upload
speed of 721 Kbps, which is equivalent to the lowest bandwidth and upload speed possible for the oldest
Bluetooth 1.0 standard. Compared to the Bluetooth 4.0 specification, which matches the new standard, there
are 40 channels with a bandwidth of two megahertz, which guarantees transfer of data up to a maximum of 3
megabytes per second. As new Bluetooth standards are also backward-compatible, quicker data transfer and
higher security are ensured.
2.15. Extensible messaging and presence protocol
The availability of real-time organized and extensible data transfer among several network clients is
guaranteed with the use of extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP). When XMPP was
developed, it was generally accepted because it was utilized as a communication protocol. Over time and
lightweight XMPP specification: Adding up with the advanced features of XMPP-IoT, it has been used in
internet of things (IoT). As an open social support standard, the strengths of XMPP IoT are scalable
capabilities and address, making it best suited for consumer-oriented IoT rankings.
2.16. Data-distribution service
Distributed transmission system (DTS) is highly trusted when utilized for the release-subscription
model. OMG, in collaboration with DTS, developed DTS-RT for real-time M2M communications,
measurable, high-performance and dynamic data transfer between devices independently connected from
both hardware platform and software platform. This helps the DTS broker-free design and multicasting to
provide high-quality QoS, assuring optimal system performance. Structure of the DTS protocolis predicated
on the info center output-subscription layer (TCPS) and therefore the custom data-local reconstruction layer
(DLRL). The TCPL is largely responsible for resource-aware, ductile, and efficient data delivery to
subscribers, whereas the DLRL provides an interface to the TCPS functions that enable data transmission
between IoT-connected items [4].

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2.17. Advanced message queuing protocol
Advanced message queuing protocol (AMQP) specification reveals the specifications like sorting,
orientation of news, routing (both point-to-point and output-to-subscriber), security, and reliability.
Advanced message queuing protocol's primary advantage is its resilient communication mechanism. While
AMQP can provide complete transactions, this is not necessarily necessary for IoT applications. Due to
AMQP's heaviness, it is not added up for sensor devices with limited power, memory, or network bandwidth,
although it are often the sole possible protocol for end-to-end use, including instances of commercial heavy
machinery, for personal IoT application cases, or SCADA systems, devices and network significantly more
efficient [5], [14]–[18].
IEEE802.15.4g extends the with network coverage of up to tens of kilometers, it is possible to cover
enormous areas of terrain with a tiny framework. IPv6 Networking uses internet protocol (IP) to enable the
inter-operability which is irrespective of physical layer and also link layer. It is evident that there is only hard
requirements needed for embedded device can connect with compatible gateway devices. IETF drives the
advances in this technology. 6LoWPAN initially developed by 6LoWPAN working group (WG) of IETF to
transport IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4. Its primary goal is to provide fragmentation, reassembly, and header
compression. As a result of the maximum packet size of 127 octets, the protocol data unit has a restricted
amount of space. WG developed several ways to handle address auto configuration for network management
and mesh networking.
2.18. IPv6 RPL
These networks have huge rate of data losses, low data rates, and instable. Links consists of PLC,
IEEE 802.15.4 and low power Wi-Fi but no medium access control technology were specified. In such
networks, the traffic flow characteristics were involved in collecting data from many sensing points and from
node towards sink, so for the initial development, directed acyclic graph (DAG) was mainly concentrated to
the destination oriented DAG (DODAG). Specifically, to RPL network, new ICMPv6 message was defined
which consists of DAG information object (DIO), that issues node to find out RPL instance, DAG
information solicitation (DIS) allows request for DIOs from RPL node and destination advertisement object
(DAO) propagates destination information upwards along DODAG [4].
3. COMPARISON OF IoT PROTOCOL
The analysis of different protocols of IoT for machine to machine enabled communication are given
in Tables 1, 2 and 3 with respect to different parameters [2], [19]–[25].
Table 1. Comparison of various protocols
Protocols CoAP MQTT XMPP AMQP DDS REST
Transport layer UDP TCP TCP TCP TCP UDP TCP
Publisher/subscriber Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Request/response Yes No Yes No No Yes
Security DTLS SSL SSL SSL SSL DTLS SSL
QoS Yes Yes Yes Yes
Low power and lossy network Exc. Fair Fair Fair Poor Fair
Dynamic discovery Yes No No No Yes No
Binary encoding Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Real time No No No No Yes No
Open source Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Architecture style P2P Broker P2P P2P broker Data space P2P
Sponsor IETF OASIS IETF OASIS OMG IETF
Protocols
Application Layer
Interoperability
among things
Things’ representation
models
Things’ interaction
model
Low power
and Lossy
network
Simplicity Exhaustiveness
and level of
detail
RFID, Wi-Fi
Limited to standard
(stack layer)
No No Fair NA NA
Zigbee
Limited to standard
(stack layer)
Yes, but limited to
specific applications
Yes, but limited to
specific applications
Excellent Good Excellent
CoAP
Full (delegated to
IP protocol)
No No
Good
(UDP)
NA NA
XMPP,
MQTT
Full (delegated to
IP protocol)
No No Fair (TCP) NA NA

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Protocols Frequency Data Rate Range Power Usage Cost
Bluetooth/BLE 2.4 Ghz 1,2,3 Mbps -300 feet Low Low
802.15.4 Sub-Ghz, 2.4 Ghz 40,250 kbps >100 square miles Low Low
Wi-Fi Sub-Ghz, 2.4 Ghz, 5 Ghz 0.1–54 Mbps <300 feet Medium Low
Zigbee 2.4 Ghz 250 kbps -300 feet Low Medium
4. CONCLUSION
Business models with autonomy in different sectors can be created by M2M and IoT, which uses the
Internet of Things and embedded technologies, by which different kinds of small devices and things get
connected to the internet. Implementing anything in a smart way is an attractive factor now a days. The future
IoT depends on data, cloud, data analytics and knowledge-based technologies. Huge data handling in big data
would increase the complexity and there is a need of automation in handling and managing data. Hence, now
we are in need of a new evolving technology to make connected everything with anything that should beyond
the Big Data. In this paper, the comparative analysis of different protocols and M2M architecture are carried
out which gives an insight knowledge about the importance and technology needed for machine to machine
regarding the future internet of things for the initiative of a truly smart, connected and sustainable world.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Rajagopal Sudarmani is currently working as Associate Professor in the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering at the
Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, in Tamil Nadu,
India. She received her B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering from Bharathiar
University, Tamil Nadu, India and her M.E. (Applied Electronics) and Ph.D. in Information
and Communication Engineering from Anna University, Chennai - India. Dr. R. Sudarmani
published 72 papers in refereed Journals, conferences and chapters in books. She also
presented research papers at several national and international conferences including the
International Conference IEEE TENCON 2011 at Bali, Indonesia. Her research interest
includes wireless sensor networks, wireless communication and signal processing. She can be
contacted at email: sudarmani_ece@avinuty.ac.in.
Kanagaraj Venusamy obtained his MBA degree in Production Management
from ManonmaniumSundaranar University, Tamilnadu, India in 2011 and B.E (Electronics
and Communication Engineering) in 2005 from Anna University, M.E in Mechatronics
Engineering, India in 2019 from Anna university affiliated college. Presently pursuing
Doctorate in Management studies at Bharathidasan university, tamilnadu, India. His main
interests of research are Control systems, Industrial automation, Artificial Intelligence,
Robotics, Drone, IoT, Entrepreneurship and Human Resource management. He had 12 years of
teaching experience in reputed institution in India and Oman and two year of industrial
experience at Saudi Arabia. He has technically assisted various short term course for students,
faculty development program and International Robotics Competition. He has acted as co
principle investigator in sultanate of Oman government funded research projects. Currently
working asa Control Systems Instructor in University of Technology and Applied Sciences -
Al Mussanah. He can be contacted at email: rajkanagaraj1983@gmail.com.
Sathish Sivaraman currently working as an Assistant Professor in the department
of CSE, at Sri Ranganathar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. He is doing
his research work in the field of “Software Defined Wireless Sensor Networks” under Anna
University. He received his Master’s Degree in the field of Software Engineering from Anna
University in the year of 2014. He has total teaching experience of 7 years. He published
papers in reputed international journals and also presented papers at more than 10 National /
International conferences. He can be contacted at email: sathesapcse@gmail.com.
Poongodi Jayaraman currently working as an Assistant Professor in the
department of CSE at Sri Ranganathar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore.
She is doing research work in the field of “Internet of Things” under Anna University. She
received her Master’s Degree in the field of Computer Science and Engineering from Anna
University in the year of 2012. She has total teaching experience of 9 years. She published
papers in reputed international journals and also presented papers in National / International
conferences. She can be contacted at email: poongodiapcse@gmail.com.

 ISSN: 2089-4864
134
Kannadhasan Suriyan is working as an Assistant Professor in the department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering in Cheran College of Engineering, karur,
Tamilnadu, India. He is currently doing research in the field of Smart Antenna for Anna
University. He is ten years of teaching and research experience. He obtained his B.E in ECE
from Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti in 2009 and M.E in Communication Systems
from Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai in 2013. He obtained his
M.B.A in Human Resources Management from Tamilnadu Open University, Chennai. He
obtained his PGVLSI in Post Graduate diploma in VLSI design from Annamalai University,
Chidambaram in 2011 and PGDCA in Post Graduate diploma in Computer Applications from
Tamil University in 2014. He obtained his PGDRD in Post Graduate diploma in Rural
Development from Indira Gandhi National Open University in 2016. He has published around
18 papers in the reputed indexed international journals and more than 125 papers
presented/published in national, international journal and conferences. Besides he has
contributed a book chapter also. He also serves as a board member, reviewer, speaker, session
chair, advisory and technical committee of various colleges and conferences. He is also to
attend the various workshop, seminar, conferences, faculty development programme, STTP
and Online courses. His areas of interest are Smart Antennas, Digital Signal Processing,
Wireless Communication, Wireless Networks, Embedded System, Network Security, Optical
Communication, Microwave Antennas, Electromagnetic Compatability and Interference,
Wireless Sensor Networks, Digital Image Processing, Satellite Communication, Cognitive
Radio Design and Soft Computing techniques. He is Member of IEEE, ISTE, IEI, IETE, CSI,
IAENG, SEEE, IEAE, INSC, IARDO, ISRPM, IACSIT, ICSES, SPG, SDIWC, IJSPR and
EAI Community. He can be contacted at email: kannadhasan.ece@gmail.com.
Manjunathan Alagarsamy received the Engineer degree in Electronics and
Comunication Engineering from Dr. Navalar Nedunchezhiyan College of Engineering in
2010.He received the Master degree in Embedded System Technologies from Raja College of
Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India in 2013.He is currently working as
an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at K.
Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy, India. His area of interests includes Embedded
Systems, Image processing, Sensors and Interfacing networks and Internet of Things. He has
published 13 article in peer reviewed International journals and presented 6 papers in
International conferences. He can be contacted at email: manjunathankrct@gmail.com.

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