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Machines
- 1. Steam changes production Machines replaced manual labour Goods are cheaper and the demand increased Each machine meant an increase in productivity and lower cost Steam engine is invented by James watt in 1769 People worked in new places, factories , this is a new system the factory system opposite domestic system Before the steam engine there were human force and hydraulic energy Every worker performed only a small part of the production chain
- 2. piston connecting belt Steam rod moving belt fly Smoke from burning producing boiler wheel coal Chimmey(pipe) coal Power loom propeller shaft belt roller
- 3. Cotton Mills Before Where did the people work before 1750? 1750 At home. .They bought the raw materials and sold the products to merchants . The cotton Most things were handmade industry Inventions and Where was the cotton from ? factories USA, India, and Egypt Why did the people prefer the The cotton cotton? should be spun and woven Because it was cheap, comfortable to wear and easy to wash What did the inventions suppose? New machines appeared for More and more production and the rising production appearance of factories
- 4. Coal and iron Iron was needed to make new machines what were driven by steam engines The iron was separated from the rest of the rock by heating up the ore The smelting was done by using charcoal , which was made of from trees , it had a lot of impurities Abraham Darby used purified coal (coke) to smelt the iron Henry Cort discovered a new method of making iron Bessemer invented a converter and afterwards Siemens invented a method to produce steel
- 5. Coke Iron ore oven coke Blast Furnace Melted iron converter coal Liquid steel Coal slag molds ram Solid steel Steel pieces Extraction of the lingots Steel sheets laminator