Maciej Treder "Server-side rendering with Angular—be faster and more SEO, CDN and user-friendly!"

Angular Universal
Be SEO, CDN & user friendly!
Maciej Treder
AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES

@maciejtreder
• Kraków, Poland
• Senior Software Development Engineer in Test  
Akamai Technologies
• Angular passionate
• Open source contributor (founder of @ng-toolkit)
• Articles writer

Outline
• Why SPAs are not SEO?
• Server-side rendering concept
• Working with server-side and browser-side code
• API calls performance
• What’s more? & Deployment
• Prerendering & Summary

ng build
• Ahead of Time compilation

We are ready for —prod!
• Ahead of Time compilation
• Miniﬁed
• Tree-shaked

Common SPA problem
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index.html$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . index.html [L]
</IfModule>
.htaccess

Common SPA problem
GET /
GET /anotherPage
index.html
G
ET
/subpage
G
ET
/contact
GET /home

Common SPA problem
GET / GET /anotherPage

Server Side Rendering
GET /
GET /anotherPage

Is it worth?
curl localhost:8080
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>SomeProject</title>
<base href="/">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.3ff695c00d717f2d2a11.css"><style ng-transition="app-root">
/*# sourceMappingURL=data:application/
json;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozLCJzb3VyY2VzIjpbXSwibmFtZXMiOltdLCJtYXBwaW5ncyI6IiIsImZpbGUiOiJzcmMvYXBwL2FwcC5jb21wb25lbnQuY3NzIn0= */</
style></head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="runtime.26209474bfa8dc87a77c.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="es2015-
polyfills.c5dd28b362270c767b34.js" nomodule=""></script><script type="text/javascript" src="polyfills.8bbb231b43165d65d357.js"></
script><script type="text/javascript" src="main.8a9128130a3a38dd7ee5.js"></script>
<script id="app-root-state" type="application/json">{}</script></body></html>
<app-root _nghost-sc0="" ng-version="7.2.9"><div _ngcontent-sc0="" style="text-align:center"><h1 _ngcontent-sc0=""> Welcome
to someProject! </h1><img _ngcontent-sc0="" alt="Angular Logo" src="data:image/
svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyNTAgMjUwIj4KICAgIDxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiNERD
AwMzEiIGQ9Ik0xMjUgMzBMMzEuOSA2My4ybDE0LjIgMTIzLjFMMTI1IDIzMGw3OC45LTQzLjcgMTQuMi0xMjMuMXoiIC8+CiAgICA8cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQzMwMDJ
GIiBkPSJNMTI1IDMwdjIyLjItLjFWMjMwbDc4LjktNDMuNyAxNC4yLTEyMy4xTDEyNSAzMHoiIC8+CiAgICA8cGF0aCAgZmlsbD0iI0ZGRkZGRiIgZD0iTTEyNSA1
Mi4xTDY2LjggMTgyLjZoMjEuN2wxMS43LTI5LjJoNDkuNGwxMS43IDI5LjJIMTgzTDEyNSA1Mi4xem0xNyA4My4zaC0zNGwxNy00MC45IDE3IDQwLjl6IiAvPgogI
Dwvc3ZnPg==" width="300"></div><h2 _ngcontent-sc0="">Here are some links to help you start: </h2><ul _ngcontent-sc0=""><li
_ngcontent-sc0=""><h2 _ngcontent-sc0=""><a _ngcontent-sc0="" href="https://angular.io/tutorial" rel="noopener"
target="_blank">Tour of Heroes</a></h2></li><li _ngcontent-sc0=""><h2 _ngcontent-sc0=""><a _ngcontent-sc0="" href="https://
angular.io/cli" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CLI Documentation</a></h2></li><li _ngcontent-sc0=""><h2 _ngcontent-sc0=""><a
_ngcontent-sc0="" href="https://blog.angular.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Angular blog</a></h2></li></ul></app-root>

Angular Universal
Load HTML Bootstrap
Load HTML Bootstrap
SSR
NO SSR
First meaningful paint
First meaningful paint

How to start?
Ofﬁcial guide
https://angular.io/guide/universal
ng-toolkit
https://github.com/maciejtreder/ng-toolkit

ng add @nguniversal/express-engine —clientProject myProject
CREATE src/main.server.ts (220 bytes)
CREATE src/app/app.server.module.ts (318 bytes)
CREATE src/tsconfig.server.json (219 bytes)
CREATE webpack.server.config.js (1360 bytes)
CREATE server.ts (1500 bytes)
UPDATE package.json (1876 bytes)
UPDATE angular.json (4411 bytes)
UPDATE src/main.ts (432 bytes)
UPDATE src/app/app.module.ts (359 bytes)

Adjust your modules
app.module.tsapp.server.module.ts
@NgModule({
bootstrap: [AppComponent],
imports: [
BrowserModule.withServerTransition({appId: 'my-app'}),
//other imports
],
})
export class AppModule {}
import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {ServerModule} from '@angular/platform-server';
import {ModuleMapLoaderModule} from
‘@nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader';
import {AppModule} from './app.module';
import {AppComponent} from './app.component';
@NgModule({
imports: [
AppModule,
ServerModule,
ModuleMapLoaderModule
],
})
export class AppServerModule {}

Adjust your modules
Official guide
app.module.tsapp.server.module.ts
@NgModule({
declarations: [AppComponent],
imports: [
//common imports
]
})
import {NgModule} from '@angular/core';
import {ServerModule} from '@angular/platform-server';
import {ModuleMapLoaderModule} from
‘@nguniversal/module-map-ngfactory-loader';
import {AppModule} from './app.module';
import {AppComponent} from './app.component';
@NgModule({
imports: [
AppModule,
ServerModule,
ModuleMapLoaderModule,
//server specific imports
],
})
app.browser.module.ts
@NgModule({
imports: [
AppModule,
BrowserModule.withServerTransition({appId: 'my-app'}),
//browser specific imports
]
})
//browser specific imports
//server specific imports

ng add @ng-toolkit/universal
CREATE local.js (248 bytes)
CREATE server.ts (1546 bytes)
CREATE webpack.server.config.js (1214 bytes)
CREATE src/main.server.ts (249 bytes)
CREATE src/tsconfig.server.json (485 bytes)
CREATE src/app/app.browser.module.ts (395 bytes)
CREATE src/app/app.server.module.ts (788 bytes)
CREATE ng-toolkit.json (95 bytes)
UPDATE package.json (1840 bytes)
UPDATE angular.json (4022 bytes)
UPDATE src/app/app.module.ts (417 bytes)
UPDATE src/main.ts (447 bytes)

And let’s go!
• npm run build:prod
• npm run server
Date: 2018-11-21T13:04:33.302Z
Hash: 1a82cb687d2e22b5d12b
Time: 10752ms
chunk {0} runtime.ec2944dd8b20ec099bf3.js (runtime) 1.41 kB [entry] [rendered]
chunk {1} main.09093ffa4ad7f66bc6ff.js (main) 169 kB [initial] [rendered]
chunk {2} polyfills.c6871e56cb80756a5498.js (polyfills) 37.5 kB [initial] [rendered]
chunk {3} styles.3bb2a9d4949b7dc120a9.css (styles) 0 bytes [initial] [rendered]
> my-app@0.0.0 server /Users/mtreder/myApp
> node local.js
Listening on: http://localhost:8080Listening on: http://localhost:8080

Under the hood
export const app = express();
app.use(compression());
app.use(cors());
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
const {AppServerModuleNgFactory, LAZY_MODULE_MAP} = require('./dist/server/main');
app.engine('html', ngExpressEngine({
bootstrap: AppServerModuleNgFactory,
providers: [
provideModuleMap(LAZY_MODULE_MAP)
]
}));
server.ts

Under the hood
app.get('/*', (req, res) => {
res.render('index', {req, res}, (err, html) => {
if (html) {
res.send(html);
} else {
console.error(err);
res.send(err);
}
});
});
server.ts

Under the hood
app.set('view engine', 'html');
app.set('views', './dist/browser');
app.get('*.*', express.static('./dist/browser', {
maxAge: '1y'
}));
server.ts

Browser vs Server• document
• window
• navigator
• ﬁle system
• request

Browser vs Server
public ngOnInit(): void {
console.log(window.navigator.language);
}
Listening on: http://localhost:8080
ERROR ReferenceError: window is not defined
at AppComponent.module.exports../src/app/app.component.ts.AppComponent.ngOnInit
(/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:118857:21)
at checkAndUpdateDirectiveInline (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:19504:19)
at checkAndUpdateNodeInline (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:20768:20)
at checkAndUpdateNode (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:20730:16)
at prodCheckAndUpdateNode (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:21271:5)
at Object.updateDirectives (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:118833:264)
at Object.updateDirectives (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:21059:72)
at Object.checkAndUpdateView (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:20712:14)
at ViewRef_.module.exports.ViewRef_.detectChanges (/Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/
server.js:19093:22)
at /Users/mtreder/myApp/dist/server.js:15755:63
ERROR ReferenceError: window is not defined

is server? is browser?
import { Component, Inject, PLATFORM_ID, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { isPlatformBrowser, isPlatformServer } from '@angular/common';
@Component({
selector: 'home-view',
templateUrl: './home.component.html'
})
export class HomeComponent implements OnInit {
constructor( private platformId) {}
if ( ) {
console.log('I am executed in the browser!’);
// window.url can be reached here
}
if (isPlatformServer(this.platformId)) {
console.log('I am executed in the server!’);
// window.url CAN’T be reached here
}
}
}
@Inject(PLATFORM_ID)
isPlatformBrowser(this.platformId)
isPlatformServer(this.platformId)

Wrapper services
• Determine if we are in the browser or server
• Retrieve window or request object
• Create ‘mock’ window from request object if necessary

REQUEST
import { Component, OnInit, Inject, PLATFORM_ID, Optional } from ‘@angular/core’;
import { REQUEST } from '@nguniversal/express-engine/tokens';
import { isPlatformServer } from '@angular/common';
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit {
constructor(
@Inject(REQUEST) private request: any,
@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) private platformId: any) {}
console.log(this.request.headers);
}
}
}
import { REQUEST } from '@nguniversal/express-engine/tokens';
@Optional @Inject(REQUEST) private request: any,
console.log(this.request.headers);

REQUEST
Listening on: http://localhost:8080
{ host: 'localhost:8080',
connection: 'keep-alive',
'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
'user-agent':
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36
(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36',
accept:
'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,ru;q=0.8',
'if-none-match': 'W/"40e-JviTST4QyiABJz2Lg+QxzZtiXv8"' }
'accept-language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,ru;q=0.8',

Wrapper Service
@Injectable()
export class WindowService {
private _window: Window;
constructor(@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) platformId: any, @Optional @Inject(REQUEST) private request: any ) {
if (isPlatformServer(platformId)) {
this._window = {
navigator: {
language: this.request.headers['accept-language']
},
URL: this.request.headers.host + '' + this.request.url
};
} else {
this._window = window;
}
}
get nativeWindow(): any {
return this._window;
}
}

Wrapper Service
import { Component , OnInit, Inject} from '@angular/core';
import { WINDOW } from '@ng-toolkit/universal';
constructor(@Inject(WINDOW) private window: Window) {}
console.log(window.navigator.language);
}
}
app.component.ts
console.log(this.window.navigator.language);

Wrapper Service
import { NgtUniversalModule } from '@ng-toolkit/universal';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
@NgModule({
imports:[
NgtUniversalModule
]
})
export class AppModule { }
app.module.ts

Server/Browser speciﬁc code
@ngx-translate
• i18n module
• multiple ways of usage
{{‘Welcome to' | translate}}
<div [innerHTML]="'HELLO' | translate"></div>
{
"Welcome to": "Ласкаво просимо в"
}
uk.json

Server/Browser speciﬁc elements
import { TranslateHttpLoader } from '@ngx-translate/http-loader';
import { TranslateLoader, TranslateModule } from '@ngx-translate/core';
export function HttpLoaderFactory(http: HttpClient) {
return new TranslateHttpLoader(http);
}
@NgModule({
imports:[
TranslateModule.forRoot({
loader: {provide: TranslateLoader, useFactory: HttpLoaderFactory,
deps: [httpClient]}
})
]
})
export class AppBrowserModule {}
export function httpLoaderFactory(http: HttpClient): TranslateLoader {
return new TranslateHttpLoader(http);
}
HttpLoaderFactory,
app.browser.module.ts

import { TranslateLoader, TranslateModule } from '@ngx-translate/core';
import { Observable, Observer } from 'rxjs';
import * as fs from 'fs';
export function universalLoader(): TranslateLoader {
return {
getTranslation: (lang: string) => {
return Observable.create((observer: Observer<any>) => {
observer.next(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(`./dist/assets/i18n/${lang}.json`, 'utf8')));
observer.complete();
});
}
} as TranslateLoader;
}
@NgModule({
imports:[
TranslateModule.forRoot({
loader: {provide: TranslateLoader, useFactory: universalLoader}
})
]
})
export function universalLoader(): TranslateLoader {
app.server.module.ts
universalLoader }

import { Component, OnInit, Inject } from '@angular/core';
import { TranslateService } from '@ngx-translate/core';
import { WINDOW } from '@ng-toolkit/universal';
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
})
constructor(
@Inject(WINDOW) private window: Window,
private translateService: TranslateService
) {}
this.translateService.use(this.window.navigator.language);
}
}
app.component.ts
this.translateService.use(this.window.navigator.language);

https://www.twilio.com/blog/create-search-engine-friendly-internationalized-web-apps-
angular-universal-ngx-translate

DRY(c)
Don’t repeat your calls
public post: Observable<any>;
constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient) {}
this.post = this.httpClient.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1');
}
}

external.api.com
my-website.com
DRY(c)
Don’t repeat your calls
1
2
3

HttpCacheModule
npm install @nguniversal/common
import { NgtUniversalModule } from '@ng-toolkit/universal';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { TransferHttpCacheModule } from '@nguniversal/common';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent
],
imports:[
CommonModule,
NgtUniversalModule,
TransferHttpCacheModule,
HttpClientModule
]
})
export class AppModule { }
TransferHttpCacheModule

TransferState
• ServerTransferStateModule (@angular/platform-server)
• BrowserTransferStateModule (@angular/platform-browser)
• get(key, fallbackValue)
• set(key, value)
• has(key)
• remove(key)

HTTP_INTERCEPTOR
• Provided in the AppModule
• Every http request made with HttpClient goes threw it
• Used to transform request or response ie:
• Adding authentication headers

HTTP_INTERCEPTOR
@Injectable()
export class ServerStateInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
    constructor(private _transferState: TransferState) {}
    intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
        return next.handle(req).pipe(tap(event => {
            if (event instanceof HttpResponse) {
                this._transferState.set(makeStateKey(req.url), event.body);
            }
        }));
    }
}

HTTP_INTERCEPTOR
@Injectable()
export class BrowserStateInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
    constructor(private _transferState: TransferState) { }
    intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
        if (req.method !== 'GET') {
            return next.handle(req);
        }
        const storedResponse: string = this._transferState.get(makeStateKey(req.url), null);
        if (storedResponse) {
            const response = new HttpResponse({ body: storedResponse, status: 200 });
this._transferState.remove(makeStateKey(req.url));
            return of(response);
        }
        return next.handle(req);
    }
}

HTTP_INTERCEPTOR
import {HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';
providers: [
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: BrowserStateInterceptor,
multi: true,
}
]
import {HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';
providers: [
{
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
useClass: ServerStateInterceptor,
multi: true,
}
]

Performance
export class RouteResolverService implements Resolve<any> {
constructor(
private httpClient: HttpClient,
@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) private platformId: any
) {}
public resolve(): Observable<any> {
}
}
const watchdog: Observable<number> = timer(500);
if (isPlatformBrowser(this.platformId)) {
return this.httpClient.get<any>('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1');
}
return Observable.create(subject => {
this.httpClient.get<any>('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1')
.subscribe(response => {
subject.next(response);
subject.complete();
});
})
.pipe(takeUntil(watchdog))
watchdog.subscribe(() => {
subject.next('timeout');
subject.complete()
})

DRY(c) & Performance
https://www.twilio.com/blog/faster-javascript-web-apps-angular-universal-transferstate-api-watchdog

It’s not only SSR
const listFiles = (callBack) => {
return fs.readdir('./user_upload', callBack);
};
app.engine('html', ngExpressEngine({
bootstrap: AppServerModuleNgFactory,
providers: [
provideModuleMap(LAZY_MODULE_MAP),
{provide: 'LIST_FILES', useValue: listFiles}
]
}));
constructor(
private http: HttpClient,
@Optional() @Inject('LIST_FILES') private listFiles: (callback) => void,
@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) private platformId: any,
private transferState: TransferState
) {
const transferKey: StateKey<string> = makeStateKey<string>('fileList');
this.listFiles((err, files) => {
this.fileList = files;
this.transferState.set(transferKey, this.fileList);
});
} else {
this.fileList = this.transferState.get<string[]>(transferKey, []);
}
}
server.ts
someService.ts

It’s not only SSR
https://www.twilio.com/blog/transfer-ﬁles-data-javascript-applications-angular-node-js

Let’s go Serverless!
• Function as a Service
• Event-driven
• Scalable
• Pay for the up-time

Let’s go Serverless!
https://www.twilio.com/blog/angular-universal-javascript-node-js-aws-lambda

Prerender
• Generating HTML ﬁles at a build time
• Can be hosted from traditional hosting (ie. AWS S3)
• Doesn’t perform dynamic request
• https://github.com/maciejtreder/angular-ssr-prerender
Alternative

Summary
server-side renderingprerenderng build —prod
SEO
Performance
Difﬁculty
SEO + external calls
Additional back-end logic

Maciej Treder "Server-side rendering with Angular—be faster and more SEO, CDN and user-friendly!"

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