Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Email----
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com, Mob- 90410-26414
, Mob- 90410-26414
Approaching
Sustainable
Transportation
CO
BS
WO
RKING
LIVING
CIRCULATIO
N
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing the
works of man of machine-age
society.
• placed under the masterful
government of natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is the service of
mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)
• Role & Relevance
of Transportation-
• Positivities
Role & Relevance of Urban Mobility/Transportation
Role & Relevance of Urban Mobility/Transportation
• Mobility- Essence of human Living
• Mobility- Marked by Dualities& Contradictions
• Mobility- Has both positivity and Negativities
• -While modern transport offers
-- unparalleled convenience &
--connectivity,
• it also brings several disadvantages in terms of;
- Ever increasing Traffic congestion,
-- Increasing adverse environmental impact,
• -- Increasing dependence on fossil fuels,
• -- Creating health and safety risks,
• -- Promoting economic disparities
• - . Recognizing /Addressing these challenges
• require developing sustainable / inclusive transport systems
• that prioritize
• -- well-being of individuals & environment.
Role & Relevance of Urban Mobility/Transportation
Role & Relevance of Urban Mobility/Transportation
• Mobility- Essence of human Living
• Mobility- Marked by Dualities& Contradictions
• Mobility- Has both positivity and Negativities
• If Urban areas are-- Engines of Economic Growth
• Transportation -- Wheels of that Engine
• Mobility & Development – remain interconnected/
integrated
• Mobility—vital for economical/ socially growth of society
• Mobility- vital for human living, growth & development
• Mobility- Vital for reaching people, goods, services /
opportunities
• Mobility-- vital for sustained growth / development
• Mechanized mobility– promising new reaches.
• Mobility- always evolving, devolving , never fixed , never
finite
• Mobility – vital for People travel& tourism
• Mobility – vital for employment/ doing job
• Mobility– vital for Availing Economic opportunities
• Mobility- vital for Sourcing food, essential services
Role & Relevance of
Role & Relevance of
Mobility/Transportation
Mobility/Transportation
Mobility vital for-- ensuring Personal Development----
( education, cultural activities)-
Mobility vital for-- Entertainment ( sports, pictures, parks)
Mobility-vital for-- meeting daily needs of life (living,
working)
Mobility vital for-- bridging gap-- between working & living
Mobility
Mobility vital for- -Participation in modern life
Mobility- Essential feature of urban life
Mobility- Need to travel emerged as desired need
Role & Relevance of
Role & Relevance of
Mobility/Transportation
Mobility/Transportation
• Transportation & Economic growth & positively co-
related
• Transportation leverages Development – Economic,
social, cultural , physical, industrial growth.
• -- bridges gap between demand / supply of goods/
services-- links area of production and consumption
- Promotes National /Regional integration
- Promotes Standard of living in undeveloped areas
--- Helps knowledge, learning ,improved trade / culture
- Concentration / decentralization of population
- Promoting Economy and generating employment
opportunities
- Sourcing Better Education/healthcare amenities
Role & Relevance of
Role & Relevance of
Mobility/Transportation
Mobility/Transportation
Transportation– helps Migration
--Helps poor to make better earning-
Promotes/controls/enforces- Safety, law , order, disasters
---Improves balanced development - country/Rural area –
---Promoting growth of agriculture/supply of agricultural
--- marketing of agricultural produce in nearby markets,
--- increasing rural employment,
--- diversification of agriculture
Mitigating Disasters/Providing help –Meeting Emergencies
•Inadequate transportation-
•- adversely impacts economic/ social growth.
•-- hampers safe, economical ,speedier/ efficient ---movement of
goods/ service
Role & Relevance of
Role & Relevance of
Mobility/Transportation
Mobility/Transportation
• Mobility --increasing on continued basis
• Increased Mobility - made possible by
• -- Easy availability of mechanical vehicles-
• -- Better Road/rail/air infrastructures
• - Expanding Infrastructure-- like –Highways,
Expressway, Autobahn, Motorway Underpass,
Flyovers
• Mobility- Linked to pattern, shape, size of cities
• Mobility – linked to patterns of land use
allocated- mixes- pure, TOD
Transportation-Negativities
• Traffic -Travel worst gifts of
Traffic -Travel worst gifts of
Urbanization
Urbanization
• Transport --adversely impact
Transport --adversely impact
sustainability
sustainability
• Transportation- responsible for;
Transportation- responsible for;
• -Causing congestion
-Causing congestion
• Consumption of Energy
Consumption of Energy
• --Consumption of resources-
--Consumption of resources-
petrol/diesel-
petrol/diesel-
• -Emission of Greenhouse gasses
-Emission of Greenhouse gasses
• - Rising Carbon Footprints
- Rising Carbon Footprints
• -Global Warming
-Global Warming
• - Climate change
- Climate change
• - Increasing noise Pollution
- Increasing noise Pollution
• --Increasing air pollution
--Increasing air pollution --In
--In
2018,Transport contributed around 20% of
2018,Transport contributed around 20% of
global CO
global CO2
2 emissions.
emissions.
• Marginalizing Safety--Causing annually
Marginalizing Safety--Causing annually
Adverse Impact of Transportation
Adverse Impact of Transportation
• Traffic Congestion – Traffic Jams --
Traffic Congestion – Traffic Jams --
Causing Delays
Causing Delays
• Infrastructure Issue- Poor Road conditions
• Causing
Causing urban smog
urban smog
• -Consuming large proportion of
-Consuming large proportion of
urban land
urban land
• - Lowering operational efficiency of
- Lowering operational efficiency of
cities
cities
• - Causing problem of Parking
- Causing problem of Parking
• Adversely Impacting health of
Adversely Impacting health of
people
people
• - Creating problem of human safety
- Creating problem of human safety
• Causing Road accidents-- major
Causing Road accidents-- major
cause of premature death in
cause of premature death in
countries/ cities.
countries/ cities.
• Travel becoming risky with
Travel becoming risky with annually
annually
• --4.8 lakh Road accidents
--4.8 lakh Road accidents
• --1.51 lakh deaths -
--1.51 lakh deaths -
Adverse Impact of Transportation
Adverse Impact of Transportation
Adverse Impacts of Transportation
Adverse Impacts of Transportation
• 1, Imposing Social costs-- of transport include;
• -- causing road accidents , physical inactivity
• - taking away Time from family while commuting-
• -- vulnerability to increase in fuel prices
• --unequal access lead to disparities in mobility
• -Impacting disproportionately poor
• 2. Increasing Economic Cost–
• - longer time to travel- lost productivity -slowing delivery
of goods & services. -Making cities less productive -
Increasing cost of transportation
• –Limiting access – to work, education, goods ,
services, family-- requiring large funding for upkeep.,
increased fuel consumption
•
Adverse Impacts of Transportation
Adverse Impacts of Transportation
3 Adversely Impacting Environment
•Air Pollution:-- Emitting greenhouse gases/ pollutants,
-- lead to climate change & health issues-
• -Increasing environmental cost
•Increasing Noise Pollution;
•--Transport generated noise disturb communities –
Adversely impact densely populated areas- causing
detrimental effects on mental/ physical health,-- causing
stress,-- disturb sleep,-- hearing impairments.
• 4. Creating Safety Concerns:
•Transportation systems pose risks -Road accidents/
injuries –lead to injuries/ loss of life. , -- for pedestrians
& cyclists- aversly impacting economy
Carbon Emissions- Sectors , Transport
Carbon Emissions- Sectors , Transport
Adverse Impacts of Transportation
Adverse Impacts of Transportation
• 5 Adversely impacting Living Pattern
- --Large reliance on vehicles - contribute to lack of physical
activity -- creating health problems - long journeys leads to-
Long Sitting- sedentary lifestyles- causing obesity
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes & -.
• 6. Impacting Mental Health:
• --Commuting stress /long travel times –
• - negatively impact mental well-being.
• 7 Promote Urban Sprawl
• Urban Development: Faster mode of travel & better
Transportation infrastructure encourages;
• --urban sprawl,
• -- habitat destruction
• --increased reliance on cars.
Impact of Transportation
Impact of Transportation
• 8 Traffic Congestion–
• Traffic Jams- Grid locks- wasted time, --increased fuel
consumption,
• --Causing higher levels of stress among commuters
• 9 Environmental Impact;
• -Consuming large fossil fuel- gasoline /diesel,
• -- cause environmental degradation;
• -- release harmful greenhouse gases
- leading to climate change/ air pollution
- Vehicle construction involves-- deforestation/ habitat
destruction, harming environment
10 Major Dependence on Fossil Fuels; Create vulnerability to
fluctuations in oil prices /geopolitical tensions.
• - being finite-- depletion poses long-term sustainability
challenge. --Adversely impacting national economy
Impact of Transportation
Impact of Transportation
• 11. Social Isolation;
• -Rising personal vehicles/ air travel,
• - While facilitating
• -speedier long-distance travel,
• -- reduce face-to-face connections among individuals
 Contributing to;
 - Anonymity
• -- social isolation.
• --- prioritize efficiency
• --over social interactions during journeys.
• --weakening community bonds
Impact of Transportation
Impact of Transportation
• 12 Infrastructure Costs;
• -- Development/ maintenance of transport infrastructure
• - aging roads, bridges, tunnels -- require regular upkeep
• -- to ensure safety & efficiency.
• require large financial investment
• .- Invariably straining public budgets
• - diverting resources from-- essential sectors –healthcare/
education.
• 13 Economic Disparities
• -- Transportation also promote economic disparities within
societies.-
• Access to efficient transportation -- essential for employment
opportunities, education, healthcare services.
• - disadvantaged communities/poor- With limited access to
transportation,-- limit their social/ economic mobility.
Impact of Transportation
Impact of Transportation
• 14. Loss of Cultural Heritage
• Creating/expanding- transport systems
• --ieads ot construction of new roads, railways, airports.
• -may lead to marginalizing cultural heritage sites/ historical landmarks.
• 15 Limited Accessibility to remote areas/hills/island
• Despite advancements -- certain regions / communities still face challenges of
accessibility.
• -- Remote areas, islands, underdeveloped regions with inadequate transport
connections- isolating them from essential services, opportunities, resources.
• 16 Cybersecurity Threats
• - with increasingly interconnected / reliant on technology,
• -- vulnerability to cybersecurity threats increases .
• -- Hacking can potentially disrupting operations,
• -- compromising passenger safety
• --even causing accidents.
-
Transportation Issues–
Efficiency, accessibility, sustainability
Urbanisation & Transportation -positively related
Urbanisation & Transportation -positively related
Cities promoting large travel due to:
Cities promoting large travel due to:
 Concentration of large population.
 Concentration of large number of activities.
 Increasing size of cities.
 Increasing travel demand.
 Increased travel distance.
 Increased use of personal vehicles. .
 Increasing income level.
 Higher car ownership.
 Travel becoming a habit.
 -increased distances between-living/working
 Better travel infrastructure/roads
 Easy availability of fast modes of travel
--Considering multiple impacts of travel
–essential to minimize travel
-- to make cities more livable and sustainable
Transport& Urbanization-
Transport& Urbanization-
•Heterogeneous Traffic
Heterogeneous Traffic
•increasing individual vehicle ownership;
increasing individual vehicle ownership;
•Low road capacity;
Low road capacity;
•Poor road geometry;
Poor road geometry;
•Large obsolete vehicular population;
Large obsolete vehicular population;
• inefficient/ inadequate public
inefficient/ inadequate public
transportation;
transportation;
Low priority for traffic planning; ;
Low priority for traffic planning; ;
•Low priority to bicycles / pedestrians
Low priority to bicycles / pedestrians
• Poor traffic management;
Poor traffic management;
• Mismatch between vehicle density &
Mismatch between vehicle density &
road capacity;
road capacity;
•Multiplicity of agencies involved
Multiplicity of agencies involved
• Absence of unified traffic regulatory
Absence of unified traffic regulatory
authority;
authority;
• Acute problems of parking;
Acute problems of parking;
•High rates of accidents etc.
High rates of accidents etc.
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA- ISSUES
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA- ISSUES
Registered MV in India on 31.03. 2017
Registered MV in India on 31.03. 2017
• India Produced 26.36 million vehicles in 2019-20
• Total registered vehicles in India in 2020 stood at 295.8 million. –
21,00,23,289 ( YEAR 2017)
• In 2017-- 9 states have more than 100,00,000 registered motor vehicles
--. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka,
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
• Registered motor vehicles in
• --Maharashtra – 30.22 million
• -- Uttar Pradesh – 26.27 million
• -- Tamil Nadu – 26.11 million
• --Gujarat -- -- 22.04 million
• --Karnataka –17.87 million
• -- Rajasthan – 14.90 million
• -- Madhya Pradesh- 13.20 million
• -- Kerala -- 11.3 million
• -- Delhi --maximum number of Vehicles-- 10.26 million(2017) - 12
MILLION IN 2019- Vehicles doubled during last decade
Registered MV in India on 31.03. 2017
Registered MV in India on 31.03. 2017
• Passenger Vehicles (PV) posted its highest ever sales
in FY 2024-25 of 4.3 million units
• Two-Wheelers with sales of 19.6 million units
registered
• Three-Wheelers posted its highest ever sales in FY
2024-25 of 7.4 Lakh Units
• Exports of Commercial Vehicles posted a good growth
of 23% in FY 2024-25 as compared to previous year
with exports of 0.81 Lakh units
• The total production of Passenger Vehicles1
, Three
Wheelers, Two Wheelers and Quadricycle in the
month of March 2025 was 24,76,915 units
CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN& MACHINE
CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN& MACHINE
OVER-CROWDING & CONGESTION
OVER-CROWDING & CONGESTION
Inadequate Mass Transportation
Inadequate Mass Transportation
Inadequate Mass Transportation
Inadequate Mass Transportation
Mumbai-Local-
Mumbai-Local-
Poor Road Conditions
Poor Road Conditions
High Degree of Pollution
High Degree of Pollution
ACCIDENTS
ACCIDENTS
Problem of Parking
Problem of Parking
Urbanization-issues
Urbanization-issues
Defining -Sustainable
Transportation
Sustainable transport
• Refers to transport that is sustainable in terms of--
• - social aspect,
• --environmental and climate impacts.
• -- Use of energy- conventional/non-convention
• -- provision of Logistics/ infrastructure -
• -- System of Transportation
- -- Safety of commuters
- Ease of accessing
- Equity in transportation
• Cost & comfort of travel
• -Last mile connectivity
Defining Sustainable Transport
Defining Sustainable Transport
• 1. Sustainable transport--Allows basic access & meet
development needs of individuals, companies& society
• -- with safely - in a manner consistent with
• --human and environmental health,
• -- promoting equity within /between successive generations.
• 2. Sustainable transport- Limits emissions and waste
• -- within planet's ability to absorb them,
• --Maximize use of renewable resources-- ,
• -- Minimize use of non-renewable resources–
• -- while minimizing impact
• -- on use of land and
• -- generation of noise.
Benefits of Sustainable
Transportation
Sustainable Transport –Benefits ;
Make positive contribution to environment,
- Promote social & economic sustainability
- Benefit poor households by offering low
carbon transport options.
 Minimise environmental, social , economic
costs of transport system
 Promote national economy
 Reduce vehicle emission
Help migrate transportation from fossil-based
energy to other alternatives
 Make Transport sector cost-effective over
entire life cycle
Benefits of Sustainable Transport
Benefits of Sustainable Transport
• -Sustainable Transport—
• -- improve access while
• -- reducing environmental/ social impacts,
• -- managing traffic congestion.
• -- Making cities/communities more vibrant, livable,
• Accelerate sustainable development.
• - creating more jobs, - improving commuter safety-
• promoting bicycle lanes& pedestrian pathways ,
• --make affordable/efficient access to employment/ social
opportunities
• - offering opportunity for saving people's time
• -- Increasing household income
• --- making sustainable transport a 'win-win' opportunity
Options for Promoting
Sustainable Transportation
Solving Transport Problems
Solving Transport Problems
1 Optimising Existing transport infrastructures
2 Redefining shape and size of the city
- Making cities compact
– checking Urban sprawl
- - Promoting Transit Oriented Development
3 Redefining Principle of Transport Planning—
-Planning for people and not vehicles
- Promoting Accessibility and not Mobility
4. Reordering priority of Mobility
5 Opting for pedestrianization & Cycling
6. Opting for Public Transport
- Rail Based Transit System
- Bus Rapid Transit System
7 Equitable Distribution of road space
8 Road Pricing
9 Leveraging Technology
10 Involving/educating communities/stakeholders/road users
Solving Transportation-Problems
Solving Transportation-Problems
Redefining shape/size of cities--
Redefining shape/size of cities--
Compact City-
Compact City-
• Compact city– best option to rationalize travel /
promote sustainable transport because it-
• Minimizes distance between place of work /living/amenities
• Reduces demand for personalized vehicles
• Reduces Congestion
• Reduces environmental pollution
• --Improves road safety
• --Promotes pedestrianisation & cycling
• --Makes mass transportation effective/efficient
• --optimizes land use –providing lower area under roads/parking
• -- makes available large open spaces
• -Makes city development cost-effective- less roads/services etc
Amazing Future Green Cities of
Amazing Future Green Cities of
world –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE
world –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE
 A city of 50,000population
 City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
 working/ living area not farther than200
mts from transportation nodes).
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run
on magnetic tracks using electric
power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city
Re-ordering Priority for
Re-ordering Priority for
Travel
Travel
• Promoting use of Bicycle as
Promoting use of Bicycle as
preferred mode of travel for
preferred mode of travel for
majority of intra- city travel being :
majority of intra- city travel being :
 Most inexpensive
Most inexpensive
 Most flexible
Most flexible
 Environment friendly
Environment friendly
 Minimum air/noise pollution
Minimum air/noise pollution
 Zero Energy Vehicle
Zero Energy Vehicle
 Occupying minimum road space
Occupying minimum road space
 Easy Parking /easy maneuverability
Easy Parking /easy maneuverability
 Reducing congestion
Reducing congestion
 Least financial cost to user/society
Least financial cost to user/society
 Promoting National Economy
Promoting National Economy
 Promoting better Human Health
Promoting better Human Health
 Reducing depletion of Non-renewable
Reducing depletion of Non-renewable
resources
resources
 Best option for travelling over short
Best option for travelling over short
distance
distance.
.
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING
Opting for Cycling
Bikeway in Lima
•Opting for Public
Transport
Public Transport- advantages
Public Transport- advantages
• Public transportation -- solution to any city/
nation’s:
• economic, energy, and environmental challenges
• Brings better quality of life.
• increasing numbers/ people using public
transportation and local communities -- expanding
public transit services.
• Every segment of society –
• individuals,
• families,
• communities and
• businesses –
• benefits from public transportation.
National Urban Transport Policy
National Urban Transport Policy
Public transport scores over other mechanized modes in terms of
--space, capacity , cost—pollution; sustainability–
Making public transport - -- best option for urban mobility--State
capitals / Metro cities –
• --Start planning for high- capacity public transport system
• -- look at proven global technologies
-- prepare comprehensive plans–
-- integrating personal /private modes of travel
-- improve higher ridership
-- efficient urban transportation networks.
-- accommodates 20 times passengers
than private cars on same road space;
TRANSPORTATION- SPACE
TRANSPORTATION- SPACE
PROMOTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PROMOTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Public transport key to rationalizing urban
transportation and making cities Smart -- DELHI,
CHICAGO COPENHAGEN ( within 400 metres)
• Redefining approach to public transportation
• Making Public Transport :- more equitable, reliable,
affordable, safe, comfortable, sustainable,
energy/operationally efficient, cost- effective, eco/
users friendly, large capacity, space efficient
• Promoting development along transport network
• improving passenger information system
• Positioning intelligent transport systems for
monitoring and control;
• affordable ticket pricing; e-ticketing;
• using single ticket for all modes of travel
• introducing comfortable buses ,
• involving Communities,
• creating dedicated bus lanes
TRAFFIC-DELHI,AHMEDABAD,
TRAFFIC-DELHI,AHMEDABAD,
ISTANBUL, SINGAPORE
ISTANBUL, SINGAPORE
• City of Singapore promoted:
• high degree of road efficiency,/ reduced road congestion,--by
• carpooling, Road pricing and public transport
• Generating resources for city infrastructure by Road Pricing
• Delhi, through its green metro, achieved milestone of :
• Transporting 7. 8 million people persons
• --on a single day – saving 32 minutes of travel time/person
• Saving annually 10,000 crores in fuel, travel time etc.
• --with target of 6 million, when all the four phases operational
• reduced road congestion , air pollution and carbon contents,
• increasing road efficiency ,Making city much cleaner and greener.
• Ahmadabad’s state of art BRTS—
• reinvented and revolutionized the city road traffic
• Istanbul used 42 Kms dedicated road lanes
• --- for new Bus Rapid Transport System, to promote:
• public transport,
• tackle problem of traffic congestion and air pollution
• most efficient service to 6,20,000 passengers on daily basis.
JANMARG-Ahmedabad
JANMARG-Ahmedabad
Mumbai-Local-10.05 m per day
Mumbai-Local-10.05 m per day
Curitiba’s futuristic ‘tube’ station system for buses--,85%
Curitiba uses Bus Rapid Transit -- transporting two million
each day-- London subway carries three million-- BRT built
in 1974; now 300 cities around world are using
.”
.
.
EQUITABLE
EQUITABLE
ALLOCATION
ALLOCATION
OF
OF
ROAD SPACE
ROAD SPACE
.
.
SINGAP-
SINGAP-
ORE
ORE
MODEL
MODEL
OF
OF
ROAD
ROAD
PRICING
PRICING
Involving
Involving
Communities/Stakeholders
Communities/Stakeholders
Options for making Transport Sustainable
Options for making Transport Sustainable
Global Good
Practices for
promoting
Sustainable
Transportation
Options for making Transport Sustainable
Options for making Transport Sustainable
• 1. UK Department for Transport published plan called--
• "Decarbonising Transport- For A better, greener Britain“- by
2050-using strategies;
• -- Modal shift to-- active & public transport,
• -- Decarbonized-- road transport,
• - Decarbonized-- freight transport,
• - innovative -- place-based solutions,
• focusing on -- shipping
• Reducing use of cars - Promoting public transport
• Modal shift to rail from air -- sixtyfold reduction in CO2 emissions.
• 2. Germany
• Promoting—
• Public transportation– cycling & walking
• --Defining large areas --where cars not allowed.
Options for making Transport Sustainable
Options for making Transport Sustainable
• 3 USA –-Promoting improved public transport-- with larger
coverage for more mobility & accessibility,
• Using new technologies -- for more reliable & responsive
public transportation network.
• Encourage-- walking & biking by;
• -- providing wider pedestrian pathway,
• -- Creating bike share stations in downtown,
• -Locating parking lots- far from shopping center,
• - Limiting street parking,
• -- Creating slower traffic lane in downtown area.
• - Increasing cost of car ownership-- increasing gas taxes,
increased parking fees , tolls, encouraging more fuel- efficient
vehicles-- using revenue collected from taxes / tolls to improve
public transportation & benefit poor communities
Options for making Transport Sustainable
Options for making Transport Sustainable
• 4. Paris – reoriented traval leading to--
• --53% trips made by walking,
• -- 3% by bicycle,
• --34% by public transport,
• -- only 10% by car.
• 5 Amsterdam,
• - 28% trips made by walking,
• -- 31% by bicycle,
• --18% by public transport
• --only 23% by car.
• 6. Copenhagen
• -62% people commute to-- school or work by bicycle.
Conclusion--
Sustainable
Transportation
Options for making Transport Sustainable
Options for making Transport Sustainable
• 1. Framing/Defining rational National Policy- and creating action
plan on promoting Sustainable Transportation
• 2 Making Sustainable Transportation -- integral part of- City Planning
-- Curitiba Brazil; Bogot Colombia; Portland, Oregon; and Vancouver,
Canada.
• 3. Creating an Enabling legislative framework for making
Transportation Sustainable
• 4 Making Sustainable Transportation- integral part of teaching-
learning process
• 5 Embedding Sustainability issues/climate change in-- transport
planning and operations.
• 6 Prioritizing sustainable Transportation in urban Development
Process
• 7 Creating adequate trained manpower in transportation by dedicated
courses in technical institutions
• 8 Actively Involving /educating Communities/ stakeholders
Transportation- Options
Transportation- Options
• 9 Redefining Master Plans – to Minimize travel-
Making cities compact-
• 10 Changing approach to urban planning-Planning
for People-- not for vehicles
• Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility
• 11. Moving from Pure to mixed land-use planning/
TOD—
• 12. Changing people behaviour to Travel
• 13 Changing priority for travel--Promoting
pedestrianisation & Cycling
• 14 Promoting Mass Transportation--Promoting
Road Pricing--Promoting Equitable allocation of
road space -Promoting Electric Vehicles/
• OTHER OPTIONS FOR
TRANSPORTATION
• 15 Promoting Intelligent Transportation
• 16 Promoting Sharing- Bicycle sharing / cars Pooling/car sharing
• 17 Promoting integrated Transit Hubs- for last mile connectivity- Bus
system , metro system
• 18 Involving technologies--Introducing Geo- spatial enabled efficient
transportation system
• 19 Promoting Public transport Surveillance
• 20 Introducing Single fare card system
• 21. Promoting Smart Parking- using sensors, camera,
• 22. Introducing Smart tolls
• 23 Using Smart Traffic lights
• 24 Migrating to cleaner modes of transport
• 25 MInimising use of urban land
• SDG 11- Target-11.2
• SDG 11.2 mandates that
• "By 2030; --Provide safe, affordable, accessible,
sustainable transport for all,
• - Improve road safety,
• - Expand public transport,
• --Focus on needs of vulnerable sections of
society--, --women, children, persons with
disabilities & older persons
• Provide universal convenient access to public
transport,- without discrimination based on sex,
age , income, cast & creed
• -- coordinating transport with land use planning.
• - using Mixed land use planning
• Juxta positioning Employment & residential
areas
Making  Urban Transportation Sustainable

Making Urban Transportation Sustainable

  • 1.
    Ar. J.K.GUPTA, Ar. J.K.GUPTA, Email---- Email----[email protected], Mob- 90410-26414 , Mob- 90410-26414 Approaching Sustainable Transportation
  • 2.
    CO BS WO RKING LIVING CIRCULATIO N • The RadiantCity •An organism capable of housing the works of man of machine-age society. • placed under the masterful government of natural conditions: •Sun •Space •Greenery •And its mission is the service of mankind: •To live •To work •To cultivate body and spirit •To travel about (in this order and obeying this hierarchy)
  • 3.
    • Role &Relevance of Transportation- • Positivities
  • 4.
    Role & Relevanceof Urban Mobility/Transportation Role & Relevance of Urban Mobility/Transportation • Mobility- Essence of human Living • Mobility- Marked by Dualities& Contradictions • Mobility- Has both positivity and Negativities • -While modern transport offers -- unparalleled convenience & --connectivity, • it also brings several disadvantages in terms of; - Ever increasing Traffic congestion, -- Increasing adverse environmental impact, • -- Increasing dependence on fossil fuels, • -- Creating health and safety risks, • -- Promoting economic disparities • - . Recognizing /Addressing these challenges • require developing sustainable / inclusive transport systems • that prioritize • -- well-being of individuals & environment.
  • 5.
    Role & Relevanceof Urban Mobility/Transportation Role & Relevance of Urban Mobility/Transportation • Mobility- Essence of human Living • Mobility- Marked by Dualities& Contradictions • Mobility- Has both positivity and Negativities • If Urban areas are-- Engines of Economic Growth • Transportation -- Wheels of that Engine • Mobility & Development – remain interconnected/ integrated • Mobility—vital for economical/ socially growth of society • Mobility- vital for human living, growth & development • Mobility- Vital for reaching people, goods, services / opportunities • Mobility-- vital for sustained growth / development • Mechanized mobility– promising new reaches. • Mobility- always evolving, devolving , never fixed , never finite • Mobility – vital for People travel& tourism • Mobility – vital for employment/ doing job • Mobility– vital for Availing Economic opportunities • Mobility- vital for Sourcing food, essential services
  • 6.
    Role & Relevanceof Role & Relevance of Mobility/Transportation Mobility/Transportation Mobility vital for-- ensuring Personal Development---- ( education, cultural activities)- Mobility vital for-- Entertainment ( sports, pictures, parks) Mobility-vital for-- meeting daily needs of life (living, working) Mobility vital for-- bridging gap-- between working & living Mobility Mobility vital for- -Participation in modern life Mobility- Essential feature of urban life Mobility- Need to travel emerged as desired need
  • 7.
    Role & Relevanceof Role & Relevance of Mobility/Transportation Mobility/Transportation • Transportation & Economic growth & positively co- related • Transportation leverages Development – Economic, social, cultural , physical, industrial growth. • -- bridges gap between demand / supply of goods/ services-- links area of production and consumption - Promotes National /Regional integration - Promotes Standard of living in undeveloped areas --- Helps knowledge, learning ,improved trade / culture - Concentration / decentralization of population - Promoting Economy and generating employment opportunities - Sourcing Better Education/healthcare amenities
  • 8.
    Role & Relevanceof Role & Relevance of Mobility/Transportation Mobility/Transportation Transportation– helps Migration --Helps poor to make better earning- Promotes/controls/enforces- Safety, law , order, disasters ---Improves balanced development - country/Rural area – ---Promoting growth of agriculture/supply of agricultural --- marketing of agricultural produce in nearby markets, --- increasing rural employment, --- diversification of agriculture Mitigating Disasters/Providing help –Meeting Emergencies •Inadequate transportation- •- adversely impacts economic/ social growth. •-- hampers safe, economical ,speedier/ efficient ---movement of goods/ service
  • 9.
    Role & Relevanceof Role & Relevance of Mobility/Transportation Mobility/Transportation • Mobility --increasing on continued basis • Increased Mobility - made possible by • -- Easy availability of mechanical vehicles- • -- Better Road/rail/air infrastructures • - Expanding Infrastructure-- like –Highways, Expressway, Autobahn, Motorway Underpass, Flyovers • Mobility- Linked to pattern, shape, size of cities • Mobility – linked to patterns of land use allocated- mixes- pure, TOD
  • 10.
  • 11.
    • Traffic -Travelworst gifts of Traffic -Travel worst gifts of Urbanization Urbanization • Transport --adversely impact Transport --adversely impact sustainability sustainability • Transportation- responsible for; Transportation- responsible for; • -Causing congestion -Causing congestion • Consumption of Energy Consumption of Energy • --Consumption of resources- --Consumption of resources- petrol/diesel- petrol/diesel- • -Emission of Greenhouse gasses -Emission of Greenhouse gasses • - Rising Carbon Footprints - Rising Carbon Footprints • -Global Warming -Global Warming • - Climate change - Climate change • - Increasing noise Pollution - Increasing noise Pollution • --Increasing air pollution --Increasing air pollution --In --In 2018,Transport contributed around 20% of 2018,Transport contributed around 20% of global CO global CO2 2 emissions. emissions. • Marginalizing Safety--Causing annually Marginalizing Safety--Causing annually Adverse Impact of Transportation Adverse Impact of Transportation
  • 12.
    • Traffic Congestion– Traffic Jams -- Traffic Congestion – Traffic Jams -- Causing Delays Causing Delays • Infrastructure Issue- Poor Road conditions • Causing Causing urban smog urban smog • -Consuming large proportion of -Consuming large proportion of urban land urban land • - Lowering operational efficiency of - Lowering operational efficiency of cities cities • - Causing problem of Parking - Causing problem of Parking • Adversely Impacting health of Adversely Impacting health of people people • - Creating problem of human safety - Creating problem of human safety • Causing Road accidents-- major Causing Road accidents-- major cause of premature death in cause of premature death in countries/ cities. countries/ cities. • Travel becoming risky with Travel becoming risky with annually annually • --4.8 lakh Road accidents --4.8 lakh Road accidents • --1.51 lakh deaths - --1.51 lakh deaths - Adverse Impact of Transportation Adverse Impact of Transportation
  • 13.
    Adverse Impacts ofTransportation Adverse Impacts of Transportation • 1, Imposing Social costs-- of transport include; • -- causing road accidents , physical inactivity • - taking away Time from family while commuting- • -- vulnerability to increase in fuel prices • --unequal access lead to disparities in mobility • -Impacting disproportionately poor • 2. Increasing Economic Cost– • - longer time to travel- lost productivity -slowing delivery of goods & services. -Making cities less productive - Increasing cost of transportation • –Limiting access – to work, education, goods , services, family-- requiring large funding for upkeep., increased fuel consumption •
  • 14.
    Adverse Impacts ofTransportation Adverse Impacts of Transportation 3 Adversely Impacting Environment •Air Pollution:-- Emitting greenhouse gases/ pollutants, -- lead to climate change & health issues- • -Increasing environmental cost •Increasing Noise Pollution; •--Transport generated noise disturb communities – Adversely impact densely populated areas- causing detrimental effects on mental/ physical health,-- causing stress,-- disturb sleep,-- hearing impairments. • 4. Creating Safety Concerns: •Transportation systems pose risks -Road accidents/ injuries –lead to injuries/ loss of life. , -- for pedestrians & cyclists- aversly impacting economy
  • 15.
    Carbon Emissions- Sectors, Transport Carbon Emissions- Sectors , Transport
  • 16.
    Adverse Impacts ofTransportation Adverse Impacts of Transportation • 5 Adversely impacting Living Pattern - --Large reliance on vehicles - contribute to lack of physical activity -- creating health problems - long journeys leads to- Long Sitting- sedentary lifestyles- causing obesity cardiovascular diseases, diabetes & -. • 6. Impacting Mental Health: • --Commuting stress /long travel times – • - negatively impact mental well-being. • 7 Promote Urban Sprawl • Urban Development: Faster mode of travel & better Transportation infrastructure encourages; • --urban sprawl, • -- habitat destruction • --increased reliance on cars.
  • 17.
    Impact of Transportation Impactof Transportation • 8 Traffic Congestion– • Traffic Jams- Grid locks- wasted time, --increased fuel consumption, • --Causing higher levels of stress among commuters • 9 Environmental Impact; • -Consuming large fossil fuel- gasoline /diesel, • -- cause environmental degradation; • -- release harmful greenhouse gases - leading to climate change/ air pollution - Vehicle construction involves-- deforestation/ habitat destruction, harming environment 10 Major Dependence on Fossil Fuels; Create vulnerability to fluctuations in oil prices /geopolitical tensions. • - being finite-- depletion poses long-term sustainability challenge. --Adversely impacting national economy
  • 18.
    Impact of Transportation Impactof Transportation • 11. Social Isolation; • -Rising personal vehicles/ air travel, • - While facilitating • -speedier long-distance travel, • -- reduce face-to-face connections among individuals  Contributing to;  - Anonymity • -- social isolation. • --- prioritize efficiency • --over social interactions during journeys. • --weakening community bonds
  • 19.
    Impact of Transportation Impactof Transportation • 12 Infrastructure Costs; • -- Development/ maintenance of transport infrastructure • - aging roads, bridges, tunnels -- require regular upkeep • -- to ensure safety & efficiency. • require large financial investment • .- Invariably straining public budgets • - diverting resources from-- essential sectors –healthcare/ education. • 13 Economic Disparities • -- Transportation also promote economic disparities within societies.- • Access to efficient transportation -- essential for employment opportunities, education, healthcare services. • - disadvantaged communities/poor- With limited access to transportation,-- limit their social/ economic mobility.
  • 20.
    Impact of Transportation Impactof Transportation • 14. Loss of Cultural Heritage • Creating/expanding- transport systems • --ieads ot construction of new roads, railways, airports. • -may lead to marginalizing cultural heritage sites/ historical landmarks. • 15 Limited Accessibility to remote areas/hills/island • Despite advancements -- certain regions / communities still face challenges of accessibility. • -- Remote areas, islands, underdeveloped regions with inadequate transport connections- isolating them from essential services, opportunities, resources. • 16 Cybersecurity Threats • - with increasingly interconnected / reliant on technology, • -- vulnerability to cybersecurity threats increases . • -- Hacking can potentially disrupting operations, • -- compromising passenger safety • --even causing accidents. -
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Urbanisation & Transportation-positively related Urbanisation & Transportation -positively related Cities promoting large travel due to: Cities promoting large travel due to:  Concentration of large population.  Concentration of large number of activities.  Increasing size of cities.  Increasing travel demand.  Increased travel distance.  Increased use of personal vehicles. .  Increasing income level.  Higher car ownership.  Travel becoming a habit.  -increased distances between-living/working  Better travel infrastructure/roads  Easy availability of fast modes of travel --Considering multiple impacts of travel –essential to minimize travel -- to make cities more livable and sustainable Transport& Urbanization- Transport& Urbanization-
  • 23.
    •Heterogeneous Traffic Heterogeneous Traffic •increasingindividual vehicle ownership; increasing individual vehicle ownership; •Low road capacity; Low road capacity; •Poor road geometry; Poor road geometry; •Large obsolete vehicular population; Large obsolete vehicular population; • inefficient/ inadequate public inefficient/ inadequate public transportation; transportation; Low priority for traffic planning; ; Low priority for traffic planning; ; •Low priority to bicycles / pedestrians Low priority to bicycles / pedestrians • Poor traffic management; Poor traffic management; • Mismatch between vehicle density & Mismatch between vehicle density & road capacity; road capacity; •Multiplicity of agencies involved Multiplicity of agencies involved • Absence of unified traffic regulatory Absence of unified traffic regulatory authority; authority; • Acute problems of parking; Acute problems of parking; •High rates of accidents etc. High rates of accidents etc. TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA- ISSUES TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA- ISSUES
  • 24.
    Registered MV inIndia on 31.03. 2017 Registered MV in India on 31.03. 2017 • India Produced 26.36 million vehicles in 2019-20 • Total registered vehicles in India in 2020 stood at 295.8 million. – 21,00,23,289 ( YEAR 2017) • In 2017-- 9 states have more than 100,00,000 registered motor vehicles --. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh • Registered motor vehicles in • --Maharashtra – 30.22 million • -- Uttar Pradesh – 26.27 million • -- Tamil Nadu – 26.11 million • --Gujarat -- -- 22.04 million • --Karnataka –17.87 million • -- Rajasthan – 14.90 million • -- Madhya Pradesh- 13.20 million • -- Kerala -- 11.3 million • -- Delhi --maximum number of Vehicles-- 10.26 million(2017) - 12 MILLION IN 2019- Vehicles doubled during last decade
  • 25.
    Registered MV inIndia on 31.03. 2017 Registered MV in India on 31.03. 2017 • Passenger Vehicles (PV) posted its highest ever sales in FY 2024-25 of 4.3 million units • Two-Wheelers with sales of 19.6 million units registered • Three-Wheelers posted its highest ever sales in FY 2024-25 of 7.4 Lakh Units • Exports of Commercial Vehicles posted a good growth of 23% in FY 2024-25 as compared to previous year with exports of 0.81 Lakh units • The total production of Passenger Vehicles1 , Three Wheelers, Two Wheelers and Quadricycle in the month of March 2025 was 24,76,915 units
  • 26.
    CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN&MACHINE CONFLICT BETWEEN MAN& MACHINE
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
    High Degree ofPollution High Degree of Pollution
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
    Sustainable transport • Refersto transport that is sustainable in terms of-- • - social aspect, • --environmental and climate impacts. • -- Use of energy- conventional/non-convention • -- provision of Logistics/ infrastructure - • -- System of Transportation - -- Safety of commuters - Ease of accessing - Equity in transportation • Cost & comfort of travel • -Last mile connectivity
  • 38.
    Defining Sustainable Transport DefiningSustainable Transport • 1. Sustainable transport--Allows basic access & meet development needs of individuals, companies& society • -- with safely - in a manner consistent with • --human and environmental health, • -- promoting equity within /between successive generations. • 2. Sustainable transport- Limits emissions and waste • -- within planet's ability to absorb them, • --Maximize use of renewable resources-- , • -- Minimize use of non-renewable resources– • -- while minimizing impact • -- on use of land and • -- generation of noise.
  • 39.
  • 40.
    Sustainable Transport –Benefits; Make positive contribution to environment, - Promote social & economic sustainability - Benefit poor households by offering low carbon transport options.  Minimise environmental, social , economic costs of transport system  Promote national economy  Reduce vehicle emission Help migrate transportation from fossil-based energy to other alternatives  Make Transport sector cost-effective over entire life cycle
  • 41.
    Benefits of SustainableTransport Benefits of Sustainable Transport • -Sustainable Transport— • -- improve access while • -- reducing environmental/ social impacts, • -- managing traffic congestion. • -- Making cities/communities more vibrant, livable, • Accelerate sustainable development. • - creating more jobs, - improving commuter safety- • promoting bicycle lanes& pedestrian pathways , • --make affordable/efficient access to employment/ social opportunities • - offering opportunity for saving people's time • -- Increasing household income • --- making sustainable transport a 'win-win' opportunity
  • 42.
  • 43.
    Solving Transport Problems SolvingTransport Problems 1 Optimising Existing transport infrastructures 2 Redefining shape and size of the city - Making cities compact – checking Urban sprawl - - Promoting Transit Oriented Development 3 Redefining Principle of Transport Planning— -Planning for people and not vehicles - Promoting Accessibility and not Mobility 4. Reordering priority of Mobility 5 Opting for pedestrianization & Cycling 6. Opting for Public Transport - Rail Based Transit System - Bus Rapid Transit System 7 Equitable Distribution of road space 8 Road Pricing 9 Leveraging Technology 10 Involving/educating communities/stakeholders/road users
  • 44.
  • 45.
    Redefining shape/size ofcities-- Redefining shape/size of cities-- Compact City- Compact City- • Compact city– best option to rationalize travel / promote sustainable transport because it- • Minimizes distance between place of work /living/amenities • Reduces demand for personalized vehicles • Reduces Congestion • Reduces environmental pollution • --Improves road safety • --Promotes pedestrianisation & cycling • --Makes mass transportation effective/efficient • --optimizes land use –providing lower area under roads/parking • -- makes available large open spaces • -Makes city development cost-effective- less roads/services etc
  • 47.
    Amazing Future GreenCities of Amazing Future Green Cities of world –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE world –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE  A city of 50,000population  City of no cars , no waste Planned to make use of cool sea winds Using solar energy on rooftop Narrow streets shading houses Total recycling of waste/water  working/ living area not farther than200 mts from transportation nodes). Electric powered light rail on elevated track to permit easy transport between Musdar and Abu Dhabi. •for Intra-city travel people use personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on magnetic tracks using electric power. •Aim is to create: Zero Carbon Zero Waste Zero Car city
  • 53.
    Re-ordering Priority for Re-orderingPriority for Travel Travel
  • 54.
    • Promoting useof Bicycle as Promoting use of Bicycle as preferred mode of travel for preferred mode of travel for majority of intra- city travel being : majority of intra- city travel being :  Most inexpensive Most inexpensive  Most flexible Most flexible  Environment friendly Environment friendly  Minimum air/noise pollution Minimum air/noise pollution  Zero Energy Vehicle Zero Energy Vehicle  Occupying minimum road space Occupying minimum road space  Easy Parking /easy maneuverability Easy Parking /easy maneuverability  Reducing congestion Reducing congestion  Least financial cost to user/society Least financial cost to user/society  Promoting National Economy Promoting National Economy  Promoting better Human Health Promoting better Human Health  Reducing depletion of Non-renewable Reducing depletion of Non-renewable resources resources  Best option for travelling over short Best option for travelling over short distance distance. . SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING
  • 55.
  • 57.
  • 59.
  • 60.
    Public Transport- advantages PublicTransport- advantages • Public transportation -- solution to any city/ nation’s: • economic, energy, and environmental challenges • Brings better quality of life. • increasing numbers/ people using public transportation and local communities -- expanding public transit services. • Every segment of society – • individuals, • families, • communities and • businesses – • benefits from public transportation.
  • 61.
    National Urban TransportPolicy National Urban Transport Policy Public transport scores over other mechanized modes in terms of --space, capacity , cost—pollution; sustainability– Making public transport - -- best option for urban mobility--State capitals / Metro cities – • --Start planning for high- capacity public transport system • -- look at proven global technologies -- prepare comprehensive plans– -- integrating personal /private modes of travel -- improve higher ridership -- efficient urban transportation networks. -- accommodates 20 times passengers than private cars on same road space;
  • 62.
  • 63.
    PROMOTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT PROMOTINGPUBLIC TRANSPORT Public transport key to rationalizing urban transportation and making cities Smart -- DELHI, CHICAGO COPENHAGEN ( within 400 metres) • Redefining approach to public transportation • Making Public Transport :- more equitable, reliable, affordable, safe, comfortable, sustainable, energy/operationally efficient, cost- effective, eco/ users friendly, large capacity, space efficient • Promoting development along transport network • improving passenger information system • Positioning intelligent transport systems for monitoring and control; • affordable ticket pricing; e-ticketing; • using single ticket for all modes of travel • introducing comfortable buses , • involving Communities, • creating dedicated bus lanes
  • 64.
    TRAFFIC-DELHI,AHMEDABAD, TRAFFIC-DELHI,AHMEDABAD, ISTANBUL, SINGAPORE ISTANBUL, SINGAPORE •City of Singapore promoted: • high degree of road efficiency,/ reduced road congestion,--by • carpooling, Road pricing and public transport • Generating resources for city infrastructure by Road Pricing • Delhi, through its green metro, achieved milestone of : • Transporting 7. 8 million people persons • --on a single day – saving 32 minutes of travel time/person • Saving annually 10,000 crores in fuel, travel time etc. • --with target of 6 million, when all the four phases operational • reduced road congestion , air pollution and carbon contents, • increasing road efficiency ,Making city much cleaner and greener. • Ahmadabad’s state of art BRTS— • reinvented and revolutionized the city road traffic • Istanbul used 42 Kms dedicated road lanes • --- for new Bus Rapid Transport System, to promote: • public transport, • tackle problem of traffic congestion and air pollution • most efficient service to 6,20,000 passengers on daily basis.
  • 65.
  • 66.
    Mumbai-Local-10.05 m perday Mumbai-Local-10.05 m per day
  • 67.
    Curitiba’s futuristic ‘tube’station system for buses--,85% Curitiba uses Bus Rapid Transit -- transporting two million each day-- London subway carries three million-- BRT built in 1974; now 300 cities around world are using .”
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    Options for makingTransport Sustainable Options for making Transport Sustainable
  • 74.
  • 75.
    Options for makingTransport Sustainable Options for making Transport Sustainable • 1. UK Department for Transport published plan called-- • "Decarbonising Transport- For A better, greener Britain“- by 2050-using strategies; • -- Modal shift to-- active & public transport, • -- Decarbonized-- road transport, • - Decarbonized-- freight transport, • - innovative -- place-based solutions, • focusing on -- shipping • Reducing use of cars - Promoting public transport • Modal shift to rail from air -- sixtyfold reduction in CO2 emissions. • 2. Germany • Promoting— • Public transportation– cycling & walking • --Defining large areas --where cars not allowed.
  • 76.
    Options for makingTransport Sustainable Options for making Transport Sustainable • 3 USA –-Promoting improved public transport-- with larger coverage for more mobility & accessibility, • Using new technologies -- for more reliable & responsive public transportation network. • Encourage-- walking & biking by; • -- providing wider pedestrian pathway, • -- Creating bike share stations in downtown, • -Locating parking lots- far from shopping center, • - Limiting street parking, • -- Creating slower traffic lane in downtown area. • - Increasing cost of car ownership-- increasing gas taxes, increased parking fees , tolls, encouraging more fuel- efficient vehicles-- using revenue collected from taxes / tolls to improve public transportation & benefit poor communities
  • 77.
    Options for makingTransport Sustainable Options for making Transport Sustainable • 4. Paris – reoriented traval leading to-- • --53% trips made by walking, • -- 3% by bicycle, • --34% by public transport, • -- only 10% by car. • 5 Amsterdam, • - 28% trips made by walking, • -- 31% by bicycle, • --18% by public transport • --only 23% by car. • 6. Copenhagen • -62% people commute to-- school or work by bicycle.
  • 78.
  • 79.
    Options for makingTransport Sustainable Options for making Transport Sustainable • 1. Framing/Defining rational National Policy- and creating action plan on promoting Sustainable Transportation • 2 Making Sustainable Transportation -- integral part of- City Planning -- Curitiba Brazil; Bogot Colombia; Portland, Oregon; and Vancouver, Canada. • 3. Creating an Enabling legislative framework for making Transportation Sustainable • 4 Making Sustainable Transportation- integral part of teaching- learning process • 5 Embedding Sustainability issues/climate change in-- transport planning and operations. • 6 Prioritizing sustainable Transportation in urban Development Process • 7 Creating adequate trained manpower in transportation by dedicated courses in technical institutions • 8 Actively Involving /educating Communities/ stakeholders
  • 80.
    Transportation- Options Transportation- Options •9 Redefining Master Plans – to Minimize travel- Making cities compact- • 10 Changing approach to urban planning-Planning for People-- not for vehicles • Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility • 11. Moving from Pure to mixed land-use planning/ TOD— • 12. Changing people behaviour to Travel • 13 Changing priority for travel--Promoting pedestrianisation & Cycling • 14 Promoting Mass Transportation--Promoting Road Pricing--Promoting Equitable allocation of road space -Promoting Electric Vehicles/
  • 81.
    • OTHER OPTIONSFOR TRANSPORTATION • 15 Promoting Intelligent Transportation • 16 Promoting Sharing- Bicycle sharing / cars Pooling/car sharing • 17 Promoting integrated Transit Hubs- for last mile connectivity- Bus system , metro system • 18 Involving technologies--Introducing Geo- spatial enabled efficient transportation system • 19 Promoting Public transport Surveillance • 20 Introducing Single fare card system • 21. Promoting Smart Parking- using sensors, camera, • 22. Introducing Smart tolls • 23 Using Smart Traffic lights • 24 Migrating to cleaner modes of transport • 25 MInimising use of urban land
  • 82.
    • SDG 11-Target-11.2 • SDG 11.2 mandates that • "By 2030; --Provide safe, affordable, accessible, sustainable transport for all, • - Improve road safety, • - Expand public transport, • --Focus on needs of vulnerable sections of society--, --women, children, persons with disabilities & older persons • Provide universal convenient access to public transport,- without discrimination based on sex, age , income, cast & creed • -- coordinating transport with land use planning. • - using Mixed land use planning • Juxta positioning Employment & residential areas