Making Use of the Linked Open Data Services for OpenAIRE (DI4R 2016 tutorial session)

Sahar Vahdati
Christoph Lange
Giorgos Alexiou
George Papastefanatos
Making Use of the Linked Open Data
Services for OpenAIRE:
Querying Data about Research Results, Person, Projects and
Organizations
Digital Infrastructure for Research (DI4R)
28-30 September 2016
Krakau, Poland
University of Bonn, Germany Athena Research Center

Session outline
• Introduction to OpenAIRE
• Technical Concepts
• Hands on Session

Open Access Infrastructure for Research
in Europe
Need for digital research infrastructures for all kinds of
research outputs, across disciplines and countries!
•comprises a database of all EC FP7 and H2020 funded research projects, publications, datasets
•manages scientific publications and associated scientific material
•aggregates Open Access publications and links them to research data and funding bodies
•supports the Open Access principles via national helpdesks and comprehensive guidelines
http://www.openaire.eu

OpenAIRE Services
OpenAIRE focuses on:
• Workflows and processes of scholarly communication rather than resources,
• Research data and other research outputs rather than only publications,
• The links between considered entities,
• Relationship of European OA infrastructures with other regions of the world.
enables search, discovery and monitoring of the publications and
datasets resulting from:
>100k research projects
>17m publications
>23k datasets
>5k repositories.

Core entities
Linking entities
OpenAIRE Data Model

Example of data about Core Entities
Entity type Result
openaireID od_______908::fac3db85bbcb1f52ae07c5868d8fb453
dateOfTransformation 2015-02-06
dateOfCollection 2015-02-06
title A Patient from Argentina Infected with Rickettsia massiliae
Dateofacceptance 01/04/2010
Publisher The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Pid oai:europepmc.org:2077077;PMC2844561
Language English
Subject Articles
BestLicense Open Acces
An entity of type Result

Interlink to other databases
Support researchers by answering interesting queries
The OpenAIRE vision:
• Data about scientific events  emergence of scientific topics
• Data about people affiliation  impact of certain research

Use cases:
• Research managers  use new indicators for measuring the quality
• Policy makers  get a quick overview of the findings and projects
• Researchers  find comprehensive citations list, research movement between communities/organizations
• Reviewers  get a quick overview of the field covered by the paper or dataset under review

Challenges supported by LOD Services
Linked Open Data
(LOD)
RDF data model
Publishing the OpenAIRE data as Linked Open Data and linking it to related datasets!
• Diverse data formats
• Various means to access/query data
• Use of different identifiers
• Heterogeneity of metadata schemas

Expected values
• Open up a window to the Linked Open Data Web
• Increase the OpenAIRE technical interoperability
• Increase the reusability of the OpenAIRE research metadata
• Engage with additional user communities
• Explore synergies with and added value to related open content initiatives
• Provide links through LOD to similar infrastructures
• Offer new services for OA data monitoring activities
• Provide services to export the OpenAIRE objects as a LOD graph
• Facilitate integration with other LOD graphs relative to similar systems and infrastructures
• Find patterns to enrich the OpenAIRE information space
Exposing the OpenAIRE Information Space as linked data!

Towards OpenAIRE LOD Services
Phase 1: LOD Production
Phase 1: Interlinking OpenAIRE RDF Graph to LOD cloud

Steps:
• Specify an RDF vocabulary
• Specify terms and namespaces
• Map the OA data model to an RDF data model
• Map the OA data to an statistic RDF dump
• Specify strategies to automate the RDF generation
OA RDF graph
…
@prefix oad: <http://lod.openaire.eu/data/> .
@prefix oav: <http://lod.openaire.eu/vocab#> .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: http://dbpedia.org/ontology/.
@prefix vivo: <http://vivoweb.org/files/vivo-isf-public-1.6.owl#> .
@prefix pext: <http://www.ontotext.com/proton-ontology/#> .
@prefix swrc:<http://swrc.ontoware.org/ontology#> .
oad:07553d8e646b69b868a9791da39a1802 a foaf:Person;
foaf:firstName "P."^^xsd:string; foaf:lastName "Jha"^^xsd:string;
foaf:name "Jha, P."^^xsd:string; oav:isAuthorOf .
oad:755469c995c2cb6cb55c3483634b026 a foaf:Person;
oav:hasTarget resultdoajarticles_6fcd7b3b47ebbd05ce73018731ff9095;
oav:hasLabel "personResult_authorship_isAuthorOf"^^xsd:string;
oav:ranking "6"^^xsd:integer.
oad:075558cd104f737d82a34cb7e9fecd7d a foaf:Person;
foaf:firstName "T."^^xsd:string; foaf:lastName "Bere"^^xsd:string;
foaf:name "Bere, T."^^xsd:string.
…
OpenAIRE data
OA RDF
Phase 1.
LOD Production
Core entities
Linking entities

Organizations Results* Persons Datasources Projects
68.526 17,414,766 62,958,315 19,443 624,417
*including duplicates connected with sameAs
Total Number of Triples: 1,013,527,855
Distinct Entities: 98,256
OpenAIRE data as RDF Graph

Steps:
• Identify datasets to be interlinked to
• Select interlinking tools: LIMES, Silk
• Test interlinking OA with DBLP and DBpedia
• Evaluate resulting link sets
• Specify strategy for interlinking in OA workflow
DBLP
CiteSeer
CEUR Ope
Pu
lAK A
Phase2. Interlinking OA-RDF Graph to
LOD cloud
…
.
oad:07553d8e646b69b868a9791da39a1802 a foaf:Person; foaf:firstName
"P."^^xsd:string; foaf:lastName "Jha"^^xsd:string; foaf:name "Jha, P."^^xsd:string;
oav:isAuthorOf .
OA LOD
Linked Open Data
(LOD)
http://beta.lod.openaire.eu/

RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• Resource : anything uniquely identifiable
• Description: description of resource via representing properties and relations
• Framework: web-based protocols and semantics
• RDF triples: List of statements
Subject (URI)
Predicate (URI)
Object (URI or Literal)
oad:publication1
“Juan Carlos García“
oav:hasAuthor

RDF version of example
PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
…
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX cerif: <http://www.eurocris.org/ontologies/cerif/1.3#>
PREFIX prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
:od_______908::… rdf:type cerif:ResultEntity;
dcterms:description “ The first confirmed case “;
dcterms:publisher “The American Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene”;
…
oav:resultSubject “Articles“;
oav:dateOfCollection 2015-02-06.
.

Example of data about Linking entities
An entity of type Person_Result whose ranking property can have the value 1 to
indicate the first author.
od_______908::f39…1c4a PersonResult od_______908::fa3...b453
Rdf:type foaf:Person;
oav:rank 1.
Rdf:type cerif:ResultEntity

How to query RDF?
SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language)
• Query language of RDF-based data
• SPARQL endpoint: RDF-triple database on a server available on the Web
• Pattern matching language
• Protocol layer
• Query interface

How to query?
• SPARQL variables are bound to RDF terms e.g., ?title , ?author
• Inspired by SQL via SELECT statement
Example: SELECT ?title ?author
• Return as a table
?title ?author
A Patient from Argentina Infected with Rickettsia massiliae Juan Carlos García

OpenAIRE as LOD
• OA LOD in BETA version
• Triples per entity
• Online data: SPARQL endpoint
• Offline data: RDF dump
• Entities and URIs (interactive browsing)
• Dereferenceable URIs for all entities
http://www. beta.lod.openaire.eu

Steps:
• Specify an RDF vocabulary
• Specify terms and namespaces
• Map the OA data model to an RDF data model
• Map the OA data to an statistic RDF dump
• Specify strategies to automate the RDF generation
Data conforming to LOD best practices
published in BETA, December 2015
Main entitiesLinking entities
OA RDF graph
…
…
OpenAIRE data
OA RDF

Sample query
select (count (distinct ?s) as ?count) ?flevel from <test> from <relationsTest>
where {?s a <http://www.eurocris.org/ontologies/cerif/1.3#Project>;
<http://lod.openaire.eu/vocab/fundingLevel0> ?flevel} GROUP BY ?flevel order by
?count
Number of publications with their corresponding funding level

General architecture
OpenAIRE Metadata
RDFization
Interlinking RDF Store
Deduplication & Inference
Apache Solr
https://www.openaire.eu
LOD Client
http://beta.lod.openaire.eu
OA Vocabulary
OA Data Model
HTML Browser
HTML
HTML
RDF

Steps:
• Identify datasets to be interlinked to
• Select interlinking tools: LIMES, Silk
• Test interlinking OA with DBLP and DBpedia
• Evaluate resulting link sets
• Specify strategy for interlinking in OA workflow
DBLP
CiteSeer
CEUR Ope
Pu
lAK A
Interlinking OpenAIRE RDF
Graph to LOD cloud
…
…
OA LOD
Linked Open Data
(LOD)

OA LOD interlinking workflow
Preprocessing
• Process all the dumps from candidate datasets
• Prune useless metadata
• Transform the metadata to key-value pairs(hadoop key(ID)-
value([Properties]))
• Store in HDFS

Sample interlinking result
Result of interlinking is a set of links between URIs from source and
target dataset:
DBLP dump is not complete
<http://lod.openaire...bde783> owl:sameAs <http://dblp.l3s.../BoissonnatN96>
<http://lod.openaire...4f8964> owl:sameAs <http://dblp.l3s.../Shrobe96>
<http://lod.openaire...27fea2> owl:sameAs <http://dblp.l3s.../X96c>
<http://lod.openaire...f433b9> owl:sameAs <http://dblp.l3s.../LiroyG96>

DBLP
CiteSeer
CEUR Ope
Pu
lAK A
…
…
OA LOD
Linked Open Data
(LOD)
Ideas for LOD in Monitoring
monitoring interlinking:
when the target dataset grows from one
version to another one,
we can expect the linkset to grow as well

Scientific events
Bootstrapping datasets for scientific events:
• CEUR-WS.org dataset
• OpenResearch.org
• Include events in OA Data Model (Conference Object?)
• Measure the quality of events
• Related to funding and sponsoring
• Continuality
• Accepted project publications
• Reputation of people
• Location
• Citation
• …

http://beta.lod.openaire.eu/sparql

Example: What is the overall research output
of a given project?
oav:produces and UNION are not working:
PREFIX oav: <http://lod.openaire.eu/vocab/>
PREFIX cerif: http://www.eurocris.org/ontologies/cerif/1.3#
SELECT ?x ?y
WHERE
{
?y a cerif:ResultEntity
{ ?y oav:resultType 'dataset'}
UNION
{ ?y oav:resultType 'publication'}
?x a cerif:Project.
?y cerif:linkToProject ?y
} LIMIT 10

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?o
WHERE
{
?x oav:projectOrganization ?o.
?o a foaf:Organization.
?y oav:projectOrganization ?o2.
?o2 a foaf:Organization.
FILTER (sameTerm(?o, ?o2) && !sameTerm(?x, ?y))
} LIMIT 10
Example: What organizations are more
active than others w.r.t. projects?

SELECT ?y
WHERE
{
?p cerif:linksToPerson ?x
?x a foaf:Person.
?x dcterms:creator ?y.
?y oav:resultType "dataset"
} LIMIT 10
Example: What datasets has published by a
specific person who involved in a given
project?

SELECT ?y
WHERE
{
?p cerif:linksToPerson ?x
?x a foaf:Person.
?x dcterms:creator ?y.
?y oav:resultType "dataset"
}
LIMIT 10
Example: List the full names of all authors
who have (co-)authored a publication in
project P?

Making Use of the Linked Open Data Services for OpenAIRE (DI4R 2016 tutorial session)

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