Malnutrition

Group # 3
 Amjad Khan Afridi ( group leader)
 Basharat Nauman
 Dad Muhammad
 Abdur Rehman
 Farid Ullah
 Date: 27 / 04 / 2016

 Definition:
 Malnutrition is the condition or state in which a
body do not get proper nutrition or get over
nutrition ( imbalanced nutrition ) and as the result
a deficiency or excess or imbalanced of energy.

 Malnutrition is failing health that result
from not eating a balance diet over a
long period of time.
 Malnutrition refers to undernutrition
resulting from inadequate consumption
or excessive loss of nutrients
 It can also refer to overnutrition resulting
from overeating or excessive intake of
specific nutrients.

 Kwashiorkor
 Caused by protein deficiency
 Often due to poverty in developing nations. Families cannot
afford to feed their young children with high protein food after
the children have stopped feeding on mother’s milk
 It can be prevented by giving sufficient food containing
protein food to young children
 Symptoms are:
○ Swelling of the legs
○ Underweight
○ “moon face”
○ Swollen abdomen (‘pot belly’)
○ Thin muscles but fat present
○ Dry, sparse, thin hair
○ Apathetic, little interest in his surrounding
○ Stunted growth

 Marasmus
 Caused by
deficiency of energy
and protein foods in
children
 Symptoms of
marasmus are:
○ Underweight
○ ‘Old man face’
○ Thin muscles, thin fat
○ Stunted growth
○ •Prominent ribs

 HAVE TWO TYPES
 (1) Over nutrition
 (2) Under nutrition

(1) Over nutrition
 Overnutrition is a form of malnutrition in which the
intake of nutrients is oversupplied. The amount of
nutrients exceeds the amount required for normal
growth, development, and metabolism.
 Overnutrition can develop into obesity, which
increases the risk of serious health conditions,
including cardiovascular disease, hypertension,
cancer, and type-2 diabetes.
 Causes: Lipids , Carbohydrates , proteins

(2) Under nutrition
 Undernutrition is the opposite of
overnutrition, meaning that it is a
nutrient deficiency from not eating
enough food. Undernutrition usually
affects the balance of all the nutrients in
our body.
 Causes:
 Iron , Zinc ,Iodine ,Vitamins ,calcium
etc…

Over Nutrition:
Excessive Intake of Lipids
 Atherosclerosis
 Caused by diets rich in saturated fats and
cholesterol
 The cholesterol deposited below the inner lining
of the arterial wall to form plagues. The plagues
gradually become thicker and harder
 If the coronary artery to the heart is partially
blocked, the person may feel intense chest pain
during strenuous physical exercise or emotional
stress.
 This is because inadequate oxygen is being
supplied to the heart muscles for increased
activities

Continue…
 As the coronary
artery becomes
more blocked, there
is insufficient supply
O2 to the heart
muscles. This leads
to a heart attack
(myocardial
infarction)

Over Nutrition
Excessive Intake of
Carbohydrates
 Diabetes mellitus
 Caused by the failure of the pancreas to
produce hormone insulin to regulate blood
glucose levels.
 The kidneys are unable to reabsorb the
glucose. Excess glucose is removed in the
urine.

Prevention
 Moderate daily exercises, maintaining proper
weight, eating a balanced diet containing
unrefined carbohydrates and not smoking
 People with mild forms of diabetes can control
their diet and limit the amount and type of
carbohydrate
 They should avoid taking simple sugars
 In more severe cases, diabetics require daily
insulin injections
 Diabetes is not treated, can lead to kidney
failure, cataracts, blindness (diabetes
meningitis) and heart disorder. Wounds will
also be slow to heal

Micronutrient deficiency
 Vitamin A,B,C,D
 Iodine
 Calcium
 Iron
 zinc

Effects of Calcium
Deficiency
 Osteoporosis
 Generally associated with aging. Factors that
increase the risk include low dietary intake of
calcium and vit. D
 It is also caused by decreasing levels of hormones,
for eg. Oestrogen in females after menopause
 In osteoporosis, there is a progressive loss of bone
density and mineral content. The bones become
thinner, more porous and fracture easily, especially
at the hips, backbone and wrist

Prevention
 It is suggested that
people in mid-twenties
and older consume dairy
products daily
 Regular moderate
exercises and sun bath.

IRON DEFICIENCY
 Effects 2 billion peoples
 39% pre school children
 52 % pregnant women
 Reduced
production of Hemoglobin
Anemia
Physical and mental activities
 Increased birth mortility

Prevention
 Supplement of iron
 Iron rich food

Vitamine A Deficiency
 Night blindness
 500,000children/year
 Xerothalmia
Decrease in rhodopsin
 Treatment
vitamin A capsule
vitamin A rich food

Iodine defeciency
 740 million people/year
 Greatest cause of mental retardation,
low IQ level
 Goiter
 Stillbirth and misscariage
 Preventable by iodized salt and iodine
rich food

Other deficiencies
 Zinc
growth retardation
delayed sexual maturation
skin and eye lesion
48% of world population
 Vitamin D
rickets
not enough sunlight exposure
swaddled babies
 Vitamin C
scurvy problem

symptoms
 Some symptoms are include;

Causes
 Causes are include;
 poor diet
 Mental health problems
 Digestive disorders
 Alcoholism
 Food shortage
 Food prices and poverty
 Lacking of breast feeding

Malnutrition

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Malnutrition