Management information system software
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System software includes operating systems and other programs that allow hardware and applications to function. The document discusses trends in computer software and major types of application and system software. It defines operating systems and describes their main functions like resource management, file management, and task management. Popular operating systems include Windows, Unix, Linux, and Mac OS X. Programming languages allow the development of software applications and range from machine languages to modern object-oriented languages.
Management information system software
- 2. Learning Objectives • Describe several important trends occurring in computer software • Give examples of several major types of application and system software • Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing
- 3. Learning Objectives • Define and describe the functions of an operating system • Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages
- 4. Types of Application & System Software
- 5. Application Software • General Purpose – Programs that perform common information processing jobs for end users – E.g., word processing, spreadsheet – Also call productivity packages • Custom Software – Software applications developed within an organization for use by that organization
- 6. Application Software • Open-source Software – Developers collaborate on the development of an application using programming standards which allow anyone to contribute to the software – As each developer completes a project, the application code becomes available and free to anyone who wants it
- 7. Business Application Software • Function-Specific Application Software – Thousands of these packages support specific applications of end users – Examples: customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, Web-enabled electronic commerce
- 8. Software Suites, Integrated Packages • Most widely used productivity packages are bundled together as software suites • Advantages – Cost less than buying individual packages – All have similar GUI – Work well together • Disadvantages – All features not used – Takes a lot of disk space (bloatware)
- 9. Components of Top Software Suites
- 10. Web Browsers • Software applications that support navigation through the point-and-click hyper-linked resources of the Web • Becoming the universal platform from which end users launch… – Information searches – E-mail – Multimedia file transfer – Discussion groups – Other Internet-based applications
- 11. Search Engines • Browsers are used to gain access to Internet search engines – Google, Ask Jeeves, Look Smart, Lycos, Overture, Yahoo! • Using search engines to find information has become an indispensable part of Internet, intranet, and extranet applications
- 12. E-mail, Instant Messaging, and Weblogs • E-mail – Software to communicate by sending and receiving messages and attachments via the Internet, intranet, or extranet • Instant messaging (IM) – Receive electronic messages instantly • Weblog or blog – A personal website in dated log format – Updated with new information about a subject or range of subjects
- 13. Word Processing/Desktop Publishing • Word Processing – Create, edit, revise, and print documents – E.g., Microsoft Word, Lotus WordPro, Corel WordPerfect • Desktop Publishing – Produce printed materials that look professionally published – E.g., Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Publisher, QuarkXPress
- 14. Electronic Spreadsheets • Used by virtually every business for… – Analysis, planning, modeling • Electronic Spreadsheet – Worksheet of rows and columns – Can be stored on local computer or on network – Requires designing format and developing the relationships (formulas) – Most help you develop charts and graphic displays of spreadsheet results – Supports what-if questions
- 15. Presentation Graphics • Common presentation graphics packages… – Converts numeric data into graphics displays – Used to create multimedia presentations of graphics, photos, animation, and video clips – E.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations – Top packages can tailor files for transfer in HTML format to websites
- 16. Personal Information Managers • Software for end user productivity and collaboration – Stores information about clients – Manages schedules, appointments, tasks – Most include ability to access the Web and provide e-mail capabilities – Some support team collaboration by sharing information with other PIM users – E.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook
- 17. Groupware • Software that helps workgroups collaborate on group assignments – E-mail, discussion groups, databases, video conferencing – E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Exchange – Windows SharePoint Services and WebSphere both allow teams to create websites for information sharing and document collaboration
- 18. Interface Between End Users and Computer
- 19. System Management Software : Operating Systems • Integrated system of programs that… – Manages the operations of the CPU – Controls the input/output, storage resources, and activities of the computer system – Provides support services as the computer executes application programs • The operating system must be loaded and activated before other tasks can be accomplished
- 20. Operating System Basic Functions
- 21. User Interface • The part of the operating system that allows you to communicate with it • Three main types… – Command-driven – Menu-driven – Graphical user interfaces (GUI)
- 22. Resource Management • Part of the operating system that manages the hardware and networking resources of a computer system – Includes CPU, memory, secondary storage devices, telecommunications, and input/output peripherals • Common functions – Keeping track of where data and programs are stored – Subdividing memory; providing virtual memory capability
- 23. File Management • Part of the operating system that controls the creation, deletion, and access of files and programs – Keeps track of physical location on storage devices – Maintains directories of information about the location and characteristics of stored files
- 24. Task Management • Part of the operating system that manages the accomplishment of end user computing tasks – Controls which task gets access to the CPU, and for how long – Can interrupt the CPU at any time to substitute a higher priority task – Supports preemptive and cooperative multi-tasking and multi-processing
- 25. Popular Operating Systems • Windows – GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia – Microsoft’s operating system – NT, XP, 2003 – Different versions manage servers • Unix – Multitasking, multi-user, network-managing – Portable - can run on mainframes, midrange, and PCs
- 26. Popular Operating Systems • Linux – Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating system – Open-source • MAC OS X – Apple operating system for the iMac – GUI – Multitasking – Multimedia
- 27. Other System Management Programs
- 28. Other System Software Utilities ◦ Miscellaneous housekeeping functions ◦ Example: Norton utilities includes data backup, virus protection, data compression, etc. Performance Monitors ◦ Programs that monitor and adjust computer system to keep them running efficiently Security Monitors ◦ Monitor and control use of computer systems to prevent unauthorized use of resources
- 29. System Development Programme: Programming Languages • Examples of programming in each language
- 30. Machine Languages • First generation languages – The most basic of programming languages – Strings of binary codes unique to each computer – Requires specific knowledge of the internal operations of the CPU being used – Must specify the storage locations for every instruction and item of data used – Difficult to work with, and error prone
- 31. Assembler Languages • Second generation languages – Developed to reduce difficulties in writing machine language programs – Uses assemblers to convert the programs into machine instructions – Symbols are used to represent operation codes and storage locations – Alphabetic abbreviations call mnemonics and other symbols represent operation codes, storage locations, and data elements
- 32. High-Level Languages • Third generation languages – Uses brief statements or arithmetic expressions – Statements translated into machine language by compilers or interpreters – Less efficient than assembler languages and requires greater translation time – Machine independent – Examples: BASIC, COBOL, and FORTRAN
- 33. Fourth-Generation Languages Variety of programming languages that are nonprocedural and conversational ◦ Encourages programmers to specify the results wanted; the computer determines the sequence of instructions that accomplishes the results ◦ Simplified the programming process Natural languages ◦ Very close to English or other human language ◦ Sometimes called fifth-generation (5GLs) ◦ No longer a trade-off between ease of use and flexibility
- 34. Object-Oriented Languages • Combines data elements and the procedures that will be performed upon them into objects – E.g., data about a bank account and the procedures performed on it, such as interest calculations
- 35. Object-Oriented Languages • Most widely used software development languages – Easier to use and more efficient for graphics- oriented user interfaces – Reusable: can use an object from one application in another application – Examples: Visual Basic, C++, Java – Most object-oriented languages provide a GUI that supports visual programming
- 36. Web Languages HTML ◦ A page description language that creates hypertext documents for the Web XML ◦ Describes Web page content by applying identifying tags or contextual labels to the data Java ◦ Object-oriented programming language that is simple, secure, and platform independent ◦ Java applets can be executed on any computer
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