Mastering the Unix Command Line
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This document provides an overview of commands and techniques for mastering the UNIX command line. It covers topics such as looking up information using man pages and online resources, navigating the filesystem, manipulating files and directories, permissions, globbing patterns, finding files, I/O redirection, filtering output, managing processes, networking tools, and scripting basics.
![Globbing
Match everything *
Choices {foo,bar,baz}
Characters [abc]
Numbers {0..5}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unix-command-line-130404213502-phpapp01/85/Mastering-the-Unix-Command-Line-6-320.jpg)
![Manipulating Processes
Start in background: command &
One after another: command1; command2
If successful, then: command1 && command2
If unsuccessful, then: command1 || command2
Suspend and resume: command <Ctrl>+Z; [bg|fg]
See running procs: ps, ps -au $USER, ps aux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unix-command-line-130404213502-phpapp01/85/Mastering-the-Unix-Command-Line-10-320.jpg)
![Scripting
Believe it or not, the shell is turing complete
Variables : VAR=abc
If statements : if [ "$VAR" ]; then echo $VAR; fi
For loops : for i in {1..5}; do echo $i; done
While loops : while true; do echo "forever"; done
User input : read var; echo $var
Functions : function func () { do something }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unix-command-line-130404213502-phpapp01/85/Mastering-the-Unix-Command-Line-12-320.jpg)
Mastering the Unix Command Line
- 1. Mastering the UNIX Command Line Howard Mao March 28, 2013
- 2. UNIX Created by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie in 1970 Modern descendants include Linux, OSX, and BSD
- 3. Looking up Information Man Pages: man <command> Google is your friend Stackexchange Sites stackoverflow.com serverfault.com superuser.com unix.stackexchange.com
- 4. Basic Filesystem Navigation look around - ls move about - cd, pushd, popd move, copy, delete - mv, cp, rm file info - stat, du, file changing permissions - chmod, chown
- 5. More About Permissions Three types of permissions: read (r), write (w), execute (x) Three categories: user (u), group (g), other (o) Also represented by an octal number: read (4), write (2), execute (1) Add them together to get number. One octal digit for each category Ex. 644 means read + write for user, read only for group and other, execute for nobody Execute permission for directory means you can list files in directory
- 6. Globbing Match everything * Choices {foo,bar,baz} Characters [abc] Numbers {0..5}
- 7. The Almighty Find Find allows you to search for files By Name: find . -name *.txt By Type: find . -type d By Timestamp: find . -mtime 1 And many many more Can also run commands on files find . -name .txt -exec rm {} ;
- 8. I/O Redirection I/O Commands: echo, cat, less Input from File: command < input.txt Output to File: command > output.txt Pipes : command1 | command2
- 9. Filters Search lines with grep Find and Replace with sed Select columns with cut and awk
- 10. Manipulating Processes Start in background: command & One after another: command1; command2 If successful, then: command1 && command2 If unsuccessful, then: command1 || command2 Suspend and resume: command <Ctrl>+Z; [bg|fg] See running procs: ps, ps -au $USER, ps aux
- 11. Networking Server info - ping, traceroute, host, whois Sending raw traffic - nc, telnet The World Wide Web - wget, curl What’s my address? - ip addr, ip link What ports are open - ss, nmap Who’s on the port - lsof
- 12. Scripting Believe it or not, the shell is turing complete Variables : VAR=abc If statements : if [ "$VAR" ]; then echo $VAR; fi For loops : for i in {1..5}; do echo $i; done While loops : while true; do echo "forever"; done User input : read var; echo $var Functions : function func () { do something }