The document describes 5 common mathematical functions in C programming - atan(), cos(), div(), modf(), and sin(). It provides the purpose, syntax, parameters, and examples of how to use each function. The atan() function computes the inverse tangent of a value. The cos() function computes the cosine of an angle in radians. The div() function performs integer division and returns the quotient and remainder. The sin() function computes the sine of an angle in radians.