Mc 2

Mc 2

• 1.
  Oral communication Meaning :-  Known as verbal communication  Interchange of verbal messages  Speech precedes writing  Studies say that 70% of our time goes in communicating out of which 45% relates to listening and 30%to speaking  Need for Learning :-  To help problem solving  To resolve conflict  Influence people to work together  Persuade others  Assertive without being aggressive  Develop listening skills  Be an effective negotiator  Make a proposal  Principles :-  One has to know when to talk, and when not to talk but listen  How to talk – tone, pitch, modulation  Be able to interpret the listener’s facial expressions, physical gestures, movements, attitude  Control over own body talk  According to the research conducted by Albert Mehrabiam, A speaker’s total message comprises of – Verbal – 7% Tone of Voice – 38%
• 2.
  Visual – 55%  Characteristics of effective OC :-  Consider the objective  Interest level of the receiver  Be sincere  Simple language, familiar words  Be brief and precise  Generalize- avoid vagueness  Give full facts  Do not assume  Polite tone and words
• 3.
   Cut insultingmessage  Give time to respond  Barriers to effective OC :-  Listening is psychological act affected by several factors-  Status – feeling of superior  Halo effect –based on impressions of the listener  Complexes - lack of confidence  Closed and all knowing mind  Poor retention  Premature evaluation ,hurried conclusions  Abstracting – partial or selective listening  Slant - biased presentation
• 4.
   Cognitive dissonance- failing to accept any thing new  Language barrier Conversation Control  Is an art  Ability to listen and reply smartly, positively at appropriate time  Includes technique of changing the direction of conversation smoothly  Ability to allow a discussion uninterrupted  Result of mutual understanding and agreement Factors that help conversation control  Ability to notice cues and clues  Recognizing cues and clues
• 5.
   Interpreting signsand signals  Parallel conversation  Sequential conversation  Reflection and empathy  Sense of time as a skill  Summarizing Applications of conversation control  Meetings  Agenda as a control- - Advance circulation of agenda papers - The chair person - The procedure  Be assertive without being aggressive  Conversational attack and controlled response  Negotiations through conversation control Non Verbal Communication  Which does not involve words or speech  Involves medium of gestures, signs, bodily movements, facial expressions, tone of voice, colour, time, space, style of writing, choice of words  Significance • 70-90% communication is non-verbal • Words—objective information • Actions speak louder than words • Words conceal actions reveal
• 6.
  • Non-verbal—true feelings and attitudes • Central to interpersonal relationships • Leaders and managers—to create impression, manage interaction • Greater impact Characteristics of non verbal communication  Instrumental body movements  Conscious or unconscious  Classification of non verbal communication:-  Symbols of body language- emblems, illustrators, body manipulators, facial expressions, regulators (eye movements)  Face facts  Positive gestures  Negative gestures  Signs of nervousness - hands in pockets, covering mouth with hand , scratching, biting nails, glancing sideways, drumming fingers, tapping your foot, sitting on the edge of the chair, rocking your legs, straightening your tie, setting hair, etc  Some more are- adjusting glasses, blinking a lot, playing with jewellery, clicking pen, frequently sipping water, starting to smoke etc  Gestures showing aggressiveness- staring, pointing at someone, showing a fist, folding both arms, bending over someone  Gestures of rudeness- shake hands too hard, give a limp handshake, stand too close, puff, whisper in a gathering, yawn, smirk, look at watch, work while someone talks etc.  Gestures of self importance- eyes closed while talking, head bent backwards while talking, steeping with fingers, peering over glasses, waving key rings etc  Lack of good sense - banging table at a joke, chewing pens, air quoting, waving hands around you, wringing hands, wiping hands across face etc.
• 7.
   Showing superiorityof position – shouting orders, smoking in someone’s space, unwanted touch, continuing to work as others speak etc  Lateral gestures – wordless signs of power, position, taste, culture such as decoration, size of office, dress, grooming  Also include broad categories like- physical setting, dress-clothing and shoes, personal space  Personal space can be categorized as – public zone, social zone, friendly zone, intimate zone  Advantage of learning Non Verbal communication  Ability to act as a victim of power posturing  Reassuring actions and gestures  Avoid the double cross, use comfort gestures skillfully  Using comfort gestures skillfully  Reassuring standing postures Types of Non-verbal Codes • Kinesics • Oculesics • Haptics • Proxemics • Appearance &Artifacts • Paralanguage / Vocalics • Chronemics • Kinesics Articulation of body • Facial expressions : Infinite in variety; Neutral, relaxed, tense, uplifted, droopy; 55% impact • Postures : Right posture: Head position, legs, angle of the body, body relaxation and tension, height; Perceived competence
• 8.
  • Gestures : Arms & Hands; Conscious & Spontaneous • Oculesics Eye Contact • Direct and powerful form; most noticeable • Effect on three components of credibility: dynamism, competence, trustworthiness • Avoidance of eye contact • Gaze and mutual gaze • Differ among cultures • Helps both the sender and receiver Proxemics Spatial Relationships • Personal space / personal bubble / comfort zone • Territorial boundaries directly influence daily encounters • Distance is crucial to send right signals • Intimate, personal, social, public • Culture-specific Appearance &Artifacts • Crucial first impression / Creates an image • Major factor in judging a person / provides the first available data • Clothing, grooming, accessories • Status, personality, credibility, capability • Inferences are made—right or wrong
• 9.
  • Necessary to pay attention • Paralanguage / Vocalics • Voice communicates something beyond language • Paralanguage: all vocally-produced sound that is not a direct form of linguistic communication • Non-lexical vocal communication: Tone, inflection, pitch, intensity, articulation, rhythm, quality • Dysfluencies / pauses , tempo / pacing • Chronemics • Use of time as a message system • Punctuality, deadline, waiting time • Create an impact • Amount of importance we give • Rules and customs vary in cultures • Haptics Touch / Tactile Communication To comfort To establish dominance To establish bonds Intentions, feelings, relationship, respect Functional , social, friendship, love Important means—convey warmth, comfort, reassurance
• 10.
  Guidelines for developingnon verbal communication  Watch and read the non verbal cues  Know your own body language  Touching and its context  Communication break down  Lack of rapport- key word is harmony