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MC - III, Unit - 1, Part 6 - Monobactam.pdf
The document discusses monobactams, a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics exemplified by aztreonam, which are active primarily against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and can be used for various hospital-acquired infections. Aztreonam is notable for its mechanism of inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and is particularly useful for patients with allergies to penicillin or cephalosporins, though it has limited activity against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes. Key points include its chemical structure, spectrum of activity, uses, side effects, and the introduction of tigemonam as a newer orally active monobactam.
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MC - III, Unit - 1, Part 6 - Monobactam.pdf
- 1. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III (BP-601T)- B Pharmacy - VI Sem ARUNAI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY - Tiruvannamalai Unit 1 - ANTIBIOTIC Part 6 – MONOBACTAM’S Approved by PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA – New delhi Affiliated to THE TAMILNADU DR MGR MEDICAL UNIVERSITY - Chennai Prepared & Lecture by Mr. Murugan (Associate professor)
- 2. Syllabus: Historical background, Nomenclature,Stereochemistry, Structure activity relationship, Chemical degradation classification and important products of the following classes. Monobactams Pervious university exam question Sep 2021 Write a note on Monobactam antibiotics (2 mark) May 2022 Monobactam antibiotic (2 mark)
- 3. Monobactams area subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics, that are monocyclic derivatives produced by various soil bacteria (sulfazecin - Pseudomonas, nocardicins - Nocardia) and modified synthetically - Aztreonam. The only commercially available monobactam antibiotic is aztreonam. Other examples: tigemonam, nocardicin A. Structure: It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Aztreonam is active against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, and inactive against Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobics Used for hospital acquired infections from urinary, biliary, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts
- 4. Chemistry: Structurally containlactam ring monocyclic derivative ( lactam ring not fused with other ring) sulfonic acid group attach with N atom in lactam ring 2 position free methyl group is present 4 position free carbonyl group is available 3 position various substitution will take place SAR:
- 5. Mechanism: Monobactam antibiotic inhibitthe bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the transpeptidation, covalently bind to penicillin binding protein (PBP) in aerobic gm –ve bacteria to prevent growth of the cell wall via peptidoglycan synthesis. Spectrum of activity Limited to aerobic gram –ve bacteria Excellent activity against Enterobacteriaceae incl. E.coli, K. pneumoniae No activity against gram +ve bacteria and anaerobes Uses: Safe in patients, unable to tolerate penicillin or cephalosporine. Mycobacterial disease, Gram –ve sepsis Pneumoia, Meningitis, Endometritis Bone infections, Urinary tract infection and abdominal infections Common side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin rash etc.
- 6. The main indicationsof aztreonam are hospital acquired infections from urinary, biliary, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts Acts by binding to specific Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) Exclusively active towards aerobic gram-ve microorganisms, low concentrations: inhibits gram-ve bacilli and H.influenzae moderate concentrations: inhibits Pseudomonas Aztreonam Novel Monobactam β-lactam antibiotic Totally synthetic parenteral antibiotic valuable agent for the oral treatment of UTI and other non–life-threatening infections caused by beta- lactamase–producing Gram- negative bacteria highly resistant to β-lactamases. very active against Enterobacteriaceae, including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. exhibits good potency against H. influenzae and N.gonorrhoeae. Tigemonam Newer monobactam orally active. oral absorption is excellent