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Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co.

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Matthias Kovatsch

The document discusses the evolution of low-power IP networking standards and protocols to enable the Internet of Things. It describes how 6LoWPAN compression allows IPv6 packets to fit into low-power wireless frames. RPL routing and ContikiMAC duty cycling are explained as key techniques to enable multi-hop routing and low power operation. Current efforts are focused on scaling networks to thousands of nodes, improving reliability, security, and integrating new low-power wireless standards like Bluetooth Low Energy.

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Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 1| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Matthias Kovatsch kovatsch@inf.ethz.ch Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co. Monday, 16 Jun 2014 IoT Meetup Toulouse, France
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 2| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc 2 Environmental Monitoring Smart Energy Structural Health Building Automation Ambient Assisted Living Real-time City Information Logistics Networked Embedded Systems Everywhere technological islands
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 3| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc The IP-based Internet of Things end-to-end IP connectivity 6LoWPAN for low-power wireless
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 4| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc A Bit of History
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 5| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Smart Dust in 2000 the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 6| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc  Academic research  Sensor node platforms (“motes”)  Event-driven operating systems  Low-power MAC protocols  Applications  Industrial specifications  ZigBee  WirelessHART  Focus on IEEE 802.15.4  First 802.15.4 specification in 2003  TI buys Chipcon (CC2420) Wireless Sensor Networks Mica2 (AVR) Tmote Sky / TelosB (MSP430) BTnode (AVR + Bluetooth)
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 7| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc First Proposals for Low-power IPv4 in 2003  A. Dunkels. Full TCP/IP for 8-bit Architectures. In Proceedings MobiSys, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2003  Z. Shelby, P. Mahonen, J. Riihijarvi, O. Raivio, and P. Huuskonen. NanoIP: The Zen of Embedded Networking. In Proceedings ICC, Anchorage, AK, USA, 2003
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 8| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc IPv6 Efforts Officially Started in 2006  IETF 6LoWPAN Working Group Charter, 2006  RFC 4944: Initial 6LoWPAN Standard, 2007  J. Hui and D. Culler. IP is Dead, Long Live IP for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings SenSys, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2008  RFC 6282: Header Compression Update, 2011  RFC 6550: RPL Routing, 2012  RFC 6775: Neighbor Discovery Update, 2012
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 9| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc IP Convergence and CoAP, MQTT, etc. in 2014 … are now pushing the Internet of Things
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 10| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc 6LoWPAN Basics
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 11| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Edge Networks LoWPAN Internet Router Server Local server Border Router PC Backbone (LAN)
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 12| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Low-power IP Stack Layer Protocol Application CoAP / (HTTP / MQTT) Transport UDP + DTLS (– TCP) Network IPv6 + RPL / ND Adaption 6LoWPAN MAC CSMA (+ link-layer bursts) Radio Duty Cycling IEEE 802.15.4e / ContikiMAC Physical IEEE 802.15.4
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 13| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc IPv6 + UDP Header = 48 Bytes 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + Source Address + | | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + Destination Address + | | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Port | Destination Port | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Length | Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | UDP Payload ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 128 bits 16 Bytes
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 14| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc … prefixes IPv6 Addressing LoWPAN ISP Router Border Router Backbone (LAN) 2001:620:8::/48 2001:620:8:32D6::/64 2001:620:8:32C3::/64 EUI-64 = MAC addr. 11:22FF:FF33:44552001:620:8:32D6:
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 15| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Stateless Header Compression
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 16| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Exact Number of Bytes Varies Image:J.Sens.ActuatorNetw.2013,2(2),235-287;doi:10.3390/jsan2020235
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 17| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Stateful Compression with Context Identifiers Image:J.Sens.ActuatorNetw.2013,2(2),235-287;doi:10.3390/jsan2020235
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 18| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc 6LoWPAN Fragmentation Minimal MTU of IPv6: 1280 Bytes 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 802.15.4 Frames
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 19| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Routing
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 20| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Route-over with RPL “Ripple” Border Router DODAG Root Host Router source routing
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 21| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Route-over with RPL “Ripple” Border Router DODAG Root Host Router storing mode MPL multicast
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 22| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Route-over with RPL “Ripple” Border Router DODAG Root Host Router multiple DODAGs
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 23| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Mesh-under with 6LoWPAN-ND Border Router Host Host Whiteboard duplicate address detection (DAD) short-address generation look-ups mobility
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 24| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Radio Duty Cycling
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 25| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Power Consumption 0 5 10 15 20 25 CPU (normal/LPM) Radio (RX/TX) Flash (R/W/idle) Sensors (tmp./PIR/acc.) LEDs Currentconsumption(ca.)[mA]
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 26| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc ContikiMAC A D A D A ACK frame Data frame Radio on Sender Receiver Transmission detected DD DD Channel check
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 27| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Link-layer Bursts A AD Sender Receiver Transmission detected DD DD Channel check A AD D A AD D A AD D D A ACK frame Data frame Radio on
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 28| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Trading Energy for Latency Number of hopsNumber of hops Energy[mJ] Latency[s] No duty cycling ContikiMAC 1 2 3 4 0 100 200 300 400 1 2 3 4 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 29| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Current Efforts
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 30| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc State of the Art in Low-power IP  Scale 16.000 nodes in one multihop network (Cisco)  RPL for smart metering  Reliability >99% package delivery ratio in LLNs  Low-power Wireless Bus (constructive interference for flooding)  Opportunistic RPL (combination with ContikiMAC)  6TISCH  Efficiency years of battery lifetime (through <1% RDC)  ContikiMAC, A-MAC, …  802.15.4e
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 31| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc  New 6LoWPAN bindings  Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)  Z-Wave / ITU-T G.9959  DECT Ultra Low Energy (DECT ULE)  Generic Headers Compression 6lo Working Group Mesh networking for Bluetooth 4.1
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 32| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc An Application Layer for the Internet of Things Web scripting IoT devices Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 33| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc  Interoperable, scalable security  Public key cryptography  Elliptic curve cryptography  Hardware acceleration  DTLS Profiles (DICE)  Secure multicast?  Auth. in Constrained Environments (ACE) Next Big Thing for Low-power IP
Questions? Matthias Kovatsch https://github.com/mkovatsc/ kovatsch@inf.ethz.ch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/

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Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co.

  • 1. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 1| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Matthias Kovatsch [email protected] Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co. Monday, 16 Jun 2014 IoT Meetup Toulouse, France
  • 2. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 2| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc 2 Environmental Monitoring Smart Energy Structural Health Building Automation Ambient Assisted Living Real-time City Information Logistics Networked Embedded Systems Everywhere technological islands
  • 3. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 3| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc The IP-based Internet of Things end-to-end IP connectivity 6LoWPAN for low-power wireless
  • 4. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 4| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc A Bit of History
  • 5. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 5| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Smart Dust in 2000 the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 6. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 6| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc  Academic research  Sensor node platforms (“motes”)  Event-driven operating systems  Low-power MAC protocols  Applications  Industrial specifications  ZigBee  WirelessHART  Focus on IEEE 802.15.4  First 802.15.4 specification in 2003  TI buys Chipcon (CC2420) Wireless Sensor Networks Mica2 (AVR) Tmote Sky / TelosB (MSP430) BTnode (AVR + Bluetooth)
  • 7. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 7| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc First Proposals for Low-power IPv4 in 2003  A. Dunkels. Full TCP/IP for 8-bit Architectures. In Proceedings MobiSys, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2003  Z. Shelby, P. Mahonen, J. Riihijarvi, O. Raivio, and P. Huuskonen. NanoIP: The Zen of Embedded Networking. In Proceedings ICC, Anchorage, AK, USA, 2003
  • 8. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 8| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc IPv6 Efforts Officially Started in 2006  IETF 6LoWPAN Working Group Charter, 2006  RFC 4944: Initial 6LoWPAN Standard, 2007  J. Hui and D. Culler. IP is Dead, Long Live IP for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings SenSys, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2008  RFC 6282: Header Compression Update, 2011  RFC 6550: RPL Routing, 2012  RFC 6775: Neighbor Discovery Update, 2012
  • 9. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 9| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc IP Convergence and CoAP, MQTT, etc. in 2014 … are now pushing the Internet of Things
  • 10. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 10| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc 6LoWPAN Basics
  • 11. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 11| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Edge Networks LoWPAN Internet Router Server Local server Border Router PC Backbone (LAN)
  • 12. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 12| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Low-power IP Stack Layer Protocol Application CoAP / (HTTP / MQTT) Transport UDP + DTLS (– TCP) Network IPv6 + RPL / ND Adaption 6LoWPAN MAC CSMA (+ link-layer bursts) Radio Duty Cycling IEEE 802.15.4e / ContikiMAC Physical IEEE 802.15.4
  • 13. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 13| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc IPv6 + UDP Header = 48 Bytes 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + Source Address + | | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + Destination Address + | | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Port | Destination Port | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Length | Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | UDP Payload ... +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 128 bits 16 Bytes
  • 14. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 14| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc … prefixes IPv6 Addressing LoWPAN ISP Router Border Router Backbone (LAN) 2001:620:8::/48 2001:620:8:32D6::/64 2001:620:8:32C3::/64 EUI-64 = MAC addr. 11:22FF:FF33:44552001:620:8:32D6:
  • 15. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 15| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Stateless Header Compression
  • 16. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 16| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Exact Number of Bytes Varies Image:J.Sens.ActuatorNetw.2013,2(2),235-287;doi:10.3390/jsan2020235
  • 17. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 17| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Stateful Compression with Context Identifiers Image:J.Sens.ActuatorNetw.2013,2(2),235-287;doi:10.3390/jsan2020235
  • 18. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 18| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc 6LoWPAN Fragmentation Minimal MTU of IPv6: 1280 Bytes 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 127 B 802.15.4 Frames
  • 19. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 19| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Routing
  • 20. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 20| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Route-over with RPL “Ripple” Border Router DODAG Root Host Router source routing
  • 21. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 21| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Route-over with RPL “Ripple” Border Router DODAG Root Host Router storing mode MPL multicast
  • 22. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 22| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Route-over with RPL “Ripple” Border Router DODAG Root Host Router multiple DODAGs
  • 23. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 23| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc LoWPAN Mesh-under with 6LoWPAN-ND Border Router Host Host Whiteboard duplicate address detection (DAD) short-address generation look-ups mobility
  • 24. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 24| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Radio Duty Cycling
  • 25. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 25| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Power Consumption 0 5 10 15 20 25 CPU (normal/LPM) Radio (RX/TX) Flash (R/W/idle) Sensors (tmp./PIR/acc.) LEDs Currentconsumption(ca.)[mA]
  • 26. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 26| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc ContikiMAC A D A D A ACK frame Data frame Radio on Sender Receiver Transmission detected DD DD Channel check
  • 27. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 27| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Link-layer Bursts A AD Sender Receiver Transmission detected DD DD Channel check A AD D A AD D A AD D D A ACK frame Data frame Radio on
  • 28. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 28| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Trading Energy for Latency Number of hopsNumber of hops Energy[mJ] Latency[s] No duty cycling ContikiMAC 1 2 3 4 0 100 200 300 400 1 2 3 4 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
  • 29. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 29| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc Current Efforts
  • 30. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 30| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc State of the Art in Low-power IP  Scale 16.000 nodes in one multihop network (Cisco)  RPL for smart metering  Reliability >99% package delivery ratio in LLNs  Low-power Wireless Bus (constructive interference for flooding)  Opportunistic RPL (combination with ContikiMAC)  6TISCH  Efficiency years of battery lifetime (through <1% RDC)  ContikiMAC, A-MAC, …  802.15.4e
  • 31. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 31| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc  New 6LoWPAN bindings  Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)  Z-Wave / ITU-T G.9959  DECT Ultra Low Energy (DECT ULE)  Generic Headers Compression 6lo Working Group Mesh networking for Bluetooth 4.1
  • 32. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 32| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc An Application Layer for the Internet of Things Web scripting IoT devices Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
  • 33. Low-power IP: 6LoWPAN & Co 33| Matthias Kovatsch http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc  Interoperable, scalable security  Public key cryptography  Elliptic curve cryptography  Hardware acceleration  DTLS Profiles (DICE)  Secure multicast?  Auth. in Constrained Environments (ACE) Next Big Thing for Low-power IP
  • 34. Questions? Matthias Kovatsch https://github.com/mkovatsc/ [email protected] http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/