Metropolitan Areas.pdf

Metropolitan Areas.pdf

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  METROPOLITAN AREAS -PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS & URBAN ART COMMISION
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  WHAT ARE METROPOLITAN AREAS? • Metropolitanarea, also called Metropolis, is a major city together with its suburbs and nearby cities, towns, and environs over which the major city exercises a commanding economic and social influence. • ‘Metropolis’,from the Greek word means “mother city,” and by implication there are progeny or descendants scattered about the core area. • Sometimes there may be two or more major cities, as in the Tokyo–Yokohama Metropolitan Area (Japan) or an agglomeration of metropolitan boroughs as in Greater London (England). • An urbanized area is defined as having a population of at least 50,000, and a population density of at least 1,000 per square mile.
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  MAJOR METROPOLITAN CHALLENGES •Spatial planning are often still differentiating strictly between urban and rural development. • This dichotomy and the resulting administrative boundaries do not reflect the realities of highly interconnected areas anymore. • The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of socio economic problems related to metropolitan cities. • Where metropolitan-scale planning does occur, it's typically related to “hard policies” such as urban planning, public transport, and infrastructure, leaving “soft policies” such as education, health, and social services fragmented across jurisdictional boundaries. Overcrowding in the streets
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  MAJOR PROBLEMS INMETROPOLITAN AREAS Some of the major problems in Metropolitan Areas are: 1. Urban Sprawl • Urban sprawl or real expansion of the cities, both in population and geographical area, of rapidly growing cities is the root cause of urban problems. • In most cities the economic base is incapable of dealing with the problems created by their excessive size. Massive migration from rural areas as well as from small towns into big cities has taken place almost consistently; thereby adding to the size of cities. • Large cities act as magnets and attract large number of immigrants by dint of their employment opportunities and modern way of life. Urban Sprawl (Las Vegas Nevada)
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  2. Overcrowding • Overcrowdingis a situation in which too many people live in too little space. Overcrowding is a logical consequence of overpopulation in urban areas. • It is naturally expected that cities having a large size of population squeezed in a small space must suffer from overcrowding. This is well exhibited by almost all the metropolitan cities of India. 3. Unemployment • The growth of economic opportunities fails to keep pace with the quantum of immigration. • The limited capacity of metropolitan areas could not create enough employment opportunities and absorb the rapid growth of the urban labour force. • Urban unemployment in India is estimated at 15 to 25 per cent of the labour force. This percentage is even higher among the educated people. Southern Railway Overcrowding Unemployment
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  4. Housing &Slum Settlements • Overcrowding leads to a chronic problem of shortage of houses in urban areas. This problem is specifically more acute in those urban areas where there is large influx of unemployed or underemployed immigrants who have no place to live in when they enter cities/towns from the surrounding areas. • The lack of integration of slum inhabitants into urban life reflects both, the lack of ability and cultural barriers. • Unplanned and haphazard growth of urban areas is the growth and spread of slums and squatter settlements which present a striking feature in the ecological structure of metropolitan centers. Slums in Mumbai
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  5. Transport • Sincemost of the commercial activities of the towns are concentrated in the Central Business District (C.B.D.), the centres are areas of greatest congestion. However, other parts of the town are not free from traffic congestion. • The traffic scenario in almost all the Indian metro cities presents a pathetic picture with Mumbai still having the best city transport system and Chennai, Ahmedabad and Pune being reasonably well served by local transport system. 6. Sewerage Problem • According to latest estimates, only 35-40 per cent of the urban population have the privilege of sewage system. • Most cities do not have proper arrangements for treating the sewage waste and it is drained into a nearly river or in sea, thereby polluting the water bodies. Traffic Congestion Water Pollution
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  SOLUTION TO URBANIZATION 1. BuildingSustainable and Environmentally-friendly Cities Governments should pass laws that plan and provide environmentally sound cities and smart growth techniques, considering that people should not reside in unsafe and polluted areas. The objective here is to build sustainable cities that embrace improved environmental conditions and safe habitats for all urban populations. Governments should also encourage sustainable use of urban resources and support an economy based on the sustainable environments such as investment in green infrastructure, sustainable industries, recycling and environmental campaigns, pollution management, renewable energy, green public transportation, and water recycling and reclamation. 2. Provision of Essential Services Urban stakeholders must ensure all populations within the urban areas have access to adequate essential social services namely education, health, sanitation and clean water, technology, electricity, and food. The objective here is to provide and implement employment opportunities and wealth creation activities so that people can earn a living to pay for the maintenance of the services. Subsidies can also be availed by the government to lower the costs of basic healthcare, basic education, energy, education, public transportation, communication systems and technology.
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  • Creation ofMore Jobs To lessen the negative effects of rapid urbanization while at the same time conserving natural ecosystems, private investments should be encouraged so as to utilize natural resources and create more job opportunities. Tourism promotion and the sustainable exploitation of natural resources can create more jobs for urban populations. Subsidies and grants may as well be provided to foreign and private investment in environmentally friendly development projects that encourage job creation. • Population Control Key stakeholders in urban areas must provide campaigns and counseling for effective medical health clinics and family planning to help reduce the high rates of population growth. Medical health clinics oriented towards family planning options must be made accessible across the entire urban area with the objective of controlling diseases and population growth.
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  URBAN ART COMMISSION URBANART COMMISSION (UAC) is an authority or panel of experts having expertise on art, culture, architecture, town planning, management etc, for formulating guidelines for planning development in the cities prolonging the inherited property
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  MAIN MOTIVE •UAC creates opportunities for artists and neighbourhoods to connect and shape spaces through public art. • UAC aspires for art to be integral to a thriving and equitable Memphis. For this to be true, UAC believes that artists must be supported in advancing their careers and recognized as creative problem solvers, and the people most directly impacted by arts programming must be involved in identifying the goals and structures of those programs. • UAC recognizes that a work is one component of a larger arts ecosystem in Memphis and that strategic and thoughtful partnerships across organizations and sectors must be in place to realize this vision
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  ● In June2018, the UAC board formally adopted a new five-year strategic plan to support the mission and vision of the organization. ● The goals outlined in that plan are as follows- ●to increase the number of Memphis-based artists with the capacity to participate in public art. ●Increase visibility and connections to public art in neighbourhoods across the city through sustained reciprocal relationships. ●Expand the scope of public art produced by UAC across the city. UAC provides expert services in the development of art in public spaces. Working with a variety of clients and stakeholders, they oversee site details and permissions,contracting with artists, facilitating design and installation of projects and make maintenance recommendations.
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  STRATEGIES ● Strategiesand objectives that support the goals of UAC are broken out between the three key functions of work: programming, engagement and commissions. ● For each goal, UAC is exploring new strategies across each of these functions that include augmenting and shifting existing practices as well as creating new practices. ● Strategies in 2019 include expanding communications for artists and residents supporting greater awareness and connection to our programs and resources available, formalizing feedback opportunities to continually improve the project development process, and exploring new platforms for public art such as event-based and temporary projects.
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  DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION •The first UAC was established in Delhi 1974 and Delhi was the only state to have a Commission. • The DUAC was established through an Act of Parliament in 1974 to save Lutyens’ low-rise garden city whose survival was threatened by sprouting towers around the area in 1970s. • Several activists, including architects, NGOs joined hands to save the locality from getting converted into a vertical city and eventually into a concrete jungle.
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  PURPOSE OF DUAC Thepurpose of setting up DUAC was to "advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any project of building operations or engineering operations or any development proposal which affects or is like to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein
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  REFERENCES • https://www.guidestar.org/profile/62-1791387 • https://www.guidestar.org/profile/62-1791387 •https://www.sawdust.online/spotlight/do-urban-art-commissions-matter/
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  THANK YOU