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MFC Presentation UG Presentation
1) A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. MFCs contain an anode and cathode separated by a membrane, and electrons produced during microbial oxidation are transferred to the anode. 2) MFCs were first discovered in 1911 and research continued through the 1980s to develop different types of MFCs and understand electron transfer mechanisms. 3) MFCs have applications for powering small devices like sensors and can also be used for wastewater treatment. However, challenges include producing enough power continuously and operating at low temperatures.
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MFC Presentation UG Presentation
- 1. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGAND MANAGEMENT, KOLAGHAT PRESENTATION on
- 2. Presented by..... Mainak SinghaBarma (EE/14/21) Krishna Kushal Roy (EE/14/23) Ujjwal Maity (EE/14/24) Souvik Roy (EE/14/25) Saikat Mukherjee (EE/14/26)
- 3. A microbial fuelcell (MFC) is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by the action of microorganisms. These electrochemical cells are constructed using either a bioanode and/or a biocathode. Most MFCs contain a membrane to separate the compartments of the anode and the cathode. The electrons produced during oxidation are transferred directly to an electrode or, to a redox mediator species. The electron flux is moved to the cathode. The charge balance of the system is compensated by ionic movement inside the cell, usually across an ionic membrane. Most MFCs use an organic electron donor that is oxidised to produce CO2, protons and electrons. Other electron donors have been reported, such as sulphur compounds or hydrogen. The cathode reaction uses a variety of electron acceptors that includes the reduction of oxygen as the most studied process. However, other electron acceptors have been studied, including metal recovery by reduction, water to hydrogen, nitrate reduction and sulfate reduction. INTRODUCTION
- 4. 1911- M.C. Potter(University of Durham): first “discovery “. 1931- B.Cohen, created microbial half fuel cells that, when connected in series, were capable of producing over 35 volts, though with a current of only 2 milliamps. 1985- Habermann and Pommer: sulphide-mediated. 1991- Lovley et al: electron transport out of the bacterial cell via conductance(“anodophiles”). 2004- Ieropoulos, Greenman, Melhuish: Stacks of small MFC. HISTORY Barnett Cohen
- 13. TYPES 1) Mediated 2) Mediated-free 3)Microbial Electrolysis 4) Soil-based 5) Phototropic Biofilm 6) Nanoporous Membrane 7) Ceramic Membrane Soil-based MFC
- 15. MFCs are attractivefor power generation applications that require only low power, but where replacing batteries may be impractical, such as wireless sensor networks. Higher power production was observed with a biofilm-covered graphite anode. In theory, an MFC is capable of energy efficiency far beyond 50%.[ However, MFCs can also work at a smaller scale. Electrodes in some cases need only be 7 μm thick by 2 cm long. Such an MFC can replace a battery. It provides a renewable form of energy and does not need to be recharged.
- 16. The current generatedfrom a microbial fuel cell is directly proportional to the energy content of wastewater used as the fuel. MFCs can measure the solute concentration of wastewater as a biosensor An MFC-type BOD sensor can provide real-time BOD values. Oxygen and nitrate are preferred electron acceptors over the electrode, reducing current generation from an MFC. MFC BOD sensors underestimate BOD values in the presence of these electron acceptors.
- 17. MFCs are usedin water treatment to harvest energy utilizing anaerobic digestion. The process can also reduce pathogens. However, it requires temperatures upwards of 30 degrees C and requires an extra step in order to convert biogas to electricity. Spiral spacers may be used to increase electricity generation by creating a helical flow in the MFC.
- 19. 1) Power generatedby the cell may not be enough to run a sensor or a transmitter continuously. It can be solved by increasing the surface area of the electrodes. Also the other solution is to use a suitable power management program; the data are transferred only when enough energy is stored and this occurs by using ultra capacitor. 2) MFCs cannot operate at extremely low temperatures due to the fact that microbial reactions are slow at low temperatures.
- 20. As petroleum sourceis depleted, energy crisis encouraged researchers in the world to consider for alternative sources of energy. Moreover, using of fossil fuels may cause environment pollution. Clean fuels, significantly fuel cells and biofuels, as new sources of energy without any pollution are suitable replacements of traditional fossil fuels. MFCs are individual kinds of FCs which use active biocatalysts such as microorganisms or enzymes to generate energy. Because of the promise of sustainable energy generation from different substrates such as organic wastes, research has been intensified in this field in the last few years.
- 21.