microbialfuelcell-231223111850-b30509b2.pptx

microbialfuelcell-231223111850-b30509b2.pptx

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  MicrobialFuelCell Department of EnvironmentalScience and Engineering Syed Nadeem Gillani ID: M202362023 Instructor: Hongzhi Ma. Date:4/12/2024
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  Source: Microbial FuelCells: Recent Trends
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  Introduction A microbial fuelcell (MFC) is a bio electrochemical fuel cell system that generates electricity by using microorganisms' metabolic activity. Have a lot of potential for producing bioelectricity by using organic waste as feedstock. It is a source of renewable energy. Can also help in reducing carbon emissions.
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  History 1. Potter (1911)Electricity generation using E.coli. 2. Cohen (1931) MFC connection in series. 3. Suzuki project (1976)  C.butyricum •Hydrogen production (Microbial electrolysis Cells) 4. Kim (1990’s)  Schewanella Putrefaciens 5. Logan (now) Pioneer in projecting reactor designs and theoretical models using also salted water.
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  WorkingofMicrobialfuelcell •Its working isbased on the principle of redox reactions. •Bioreactors convert the energy in the chemical bonds of organic compounds into electrical energy through catalytic activity of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. •Electrons are transferred from anode chamber to cathode chamber employing an external electrical circuit to generate electrical energy. • At the cathode, the protons and electrons are consumed, combined with oxygen (O2), and form into water.
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  MicrobialfuelCell
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  RedoxReaction In MFC: In thiscase O2 is the final acceptor of electrons Final Product is Water In absence of Oxygen: (Glucose) C12H22O11+ 13H2O  12CO2 + 48H+ + 48e- The final electron acceptor could be Fe(III) or nitrate, so called mediator because the electrons pass to H+ and the final product is H2 8H+ + 8e-(Mediator)  4H2
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  ComponentsOfMicrobialFuelCell There are variouscomponents of the microbial fuel cell Majorly divided into 2 chambers i.e. an anodic chamber & cathodic chamber. The anodic chamber contains the anode and the cathodic chamber contains the cathode. 1. Anode chamber 2. Cathode chamber 3. Exchange membrane 4. Substrate 5. Electrical circuit. 6. Microbes or Microorganisms 7. Electrodes and copper wires for connecting electrodes.
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  ANODE ⚫Conductive, bio compatible& chemicaly stable with substrate. ⚫Stainless steel mesh, graphite plates or rods ⚫Bacteria live in the anode compartment and convert substrate to CO2,H2O and energy. ⚫Bacteria are kept in an oxygen less environment CATHODE ⚫Electrons and protons recombine at the cathode. ⚫O2 reduced to water ⚫Pt catalyst is used Chambers
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  ExchangeMembrane PEM ⚫NAFION or ULTREX ⚫Protonsflows through the PEM ⚫Proton and electrons recombine on the otherside. ⚫Can be a proton orcation exchange membrane EXTERNAL CIRCUIT ⚫After leaving anode, electrons travel through thecircuit ⚫These electrons power the load
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  Substrates SUBSTRATES ⚫ Substrates provideenergy for the bacterial cell. ⚫ Influences the economic viability and overall performance such as power density and coloumbicefficiency of MFC. ⚫ Concentration, composition and type. ⚫ Organic substrates-carbohydrates, protein, volatile acids, cellulose and wastewater. ⚫ Acetate is commonly used as substrate. Substratetype Concentrations Currentdensity (m A/cm2) Acetate 1g/L 0.8 Lactate 18mM 0.005 Glucose 6.7Mm 0.7 Sucrose 2674mg/L 0.19 Glucaronicacid 6.7mM 0.18 Phenol 400mg/L 0.1 Sodiumfumerate 25mM 2.05 Starch 10g/L 1.3 Cellulosicparticles 4g/L 0.02 Xylose 6.7mM 0.74 Domesticwastewater 600mg/L 0.06 Brewery wastewater 2240mg/L 0.2 SUBSTRATES USED IN MFC
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  1. Oxidation ofFuel 2. Transfer of electrons to electrodesthroughmicrobes 3. Diffusion of protons to the cathode 4.ReactioninCathodechamber DiffusionofOxygen Bacteria can also transfer electrons to anodes either directly as a biofilm ELECTRON TRANSFER MECHANISM, MEDIATORS AND BIOFILM OF MFC
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  RecentImprovements 1. Professor Torres(ASU) new material for IEM: AS-4 (High Anion Exchange Capacity) 2. Professor Logan (PSU) uses water with ammonium bicarbonate salt to augment the energy produced (5.6 W/m2)  It doesn’t smear the membrane  Easy to remove by evaporation (110°F = 43.33°C)  Improved efficiency . 3. Professor Burgess Newcastle University discover of new http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2104727/Space-bacteria-British-river-new-power-source-world.html Nafion © Polymeric Structure
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  WhyareImportant? Promising area ofstudy for electronic small devices Energy continuously (as long the substrate is provided) Energy from wastewaters Reduced imported energy Theoretically without emissions
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  Advantages The advantages ofMicrobial Fuel cell technology are given below. • This technology can generate electricity from bio wastes and organic matter. • It can convert the energy of the substrate to electrical energy/electricity. • Aeration • Omission of gas treatment • Bioremediation of toxic compounds.
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  Advantages A few MicrobialFuel cell applications are listed below. •Used in the generation of electricity or power and bio- electricity. •Used in biosensors •Used in biogas •Used in the treatment of wastewater •Used in various bio-fuel applications such as gases. •Used in the desalination process •Used in production of secondary fuel •Used as an education tool.
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  Disadvantages The following arethe disadvantages of Microbial Fuel Cell technology. •The generated power density is low. •Very expensive •Activation losses and ohmic are present. •Metabolic losses of bacteria.
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  CONCLUSION ⚫ MFCs havebeen explored as a new sourceof electricitygeneration during operational waste water treatment. ⚫ Phototropic MFCs and solar powered MFC also represent an exceptional attempt in the progress of MFCs technology forelectricity production. ⚫ It can be used for production of secondary fuel as well as in bioremediationof toxiccompounds. ⚫ However, this technology is only in research stage and more research is required before domestic MFCs can be made available for commercialization ⚫ Provided the biological understanding increases, the electrochemical technology advances and the overall electrode prices decrease, this technology might qualify as a new core technology for conversion of carbohydrates to electricity in years to come. MFCs are still in the early stages of development and their efficiency and durability need to be improved to make them commercially viable.
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  ThankyoufortheAttention References: Khera, J. andChandra A. (2012); Microbial Fuel Cells: Recent Trends “Love your environment”, Only way to save it