Microprocessors
- 1. Microprocessors… -electronic conquestadors
- 2. The beginning… 1955 - William Shockley - shockley semiconductor 1957 – Gordon Moore & Robert Noyce - Fairchild Semiconductor *Intelcorporation started microchips *Developed 4004 for vizicom calculators 1971 – Invention of Microprocessor
- 3. • During 1970’s chips were upgraded from 4004 to 8008 1975 - Microcomputer chips such as Scelbi – 8H and Micral were used 1980- Usage of small microprocessors reduced • On the other hand desktops and computers helped for upgradation of microprocessors
- 5. The Upgradation… Prominent consumer CPU Generation First introduced Linear/physical address space brands 1978 Intel 8086, Intel 8088 and clones 1 16-bit / 20-bit (segmented) Intel 80186, Intel 80188 and 1982 clones, NEC V20/V30 Intel 80386 and clones, AMD 3 (IA-32) 1985 Am386 Intel486 and clones, AMD 4 (FPU) 1989 Am486/Am5x86 IDT/Centaur-C6, Cyrix III- 4/5 1997 Samuel, VIA C3-Samuel2 / VIA 32-bit (46-bit virtual) / 32-bit C3-Ezra (2001), VIA C7 (2005) Pentium, Pentium MMX, Cyrix 5 1993 5x86, Rise mP6 5/6 1996 AMD K5, Nx586 (1994)
- 6. Pentium Pro, Cyrix 1995 6x86, Cyrix MII, Cyrix III- Joshua (2000) 6 1997 AMD K6/-2/3, Pentium II/III As above / 36-bit physical Pentium M, Intel (PAE) 2003 Core (2006) 1999 Athlon, Athlon XP 7 2000 Pentium 4 2000 Transmeta Crusoe, Efficeon 2004 Pentium 4 Prescott 7/8 64-bit / 40-bit physical in 2006 Intel Core 2 first AMD implementation 2008 VIA Nano 8 (x86-64) 2003 Athlon 64, Opteron 2007 AMD Phenom Intel Core i3/i5/i7, AMD As above / 48-bit physical 8/9 Phenom II for AMD Phenom 2008 Intel Atom
- 7. INTRODUCTION TO BASIC TERMS INPUT DEVICE AND INPUT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IIC) OUTPUT DEVICE AND OUTPUT INTEGRATED CIECUIT (OIC) BITS LOW LEVEL LANGUANGE (LLL) HIGH LEVEL LANGUANGE (HLL) DECODING MEMORY ARITHEMATIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) CONTROL UNIT (CU) REGISTER ARRAYS
- 8. MICROPROCESSOR CHARACTERSTICS PROGRAMMABLE DEVICE – Designed by engineers and programmers to perform a particular task. MULTIPURPOSE AND MULTITAKING CHIP – Multiple tasks can be performed simultaneously. RESISTER-BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICE – Ability of storing temporary values of variables when program is getting executed. Having all these characteristics, it is a device that accepts binary data as input from a user or a client, processes it according to the instructions given, and provides the final result as output.
- 9. CPU, MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER TILL 1960 AFTER 1960 (CPU) (MICROPROCESSOR) REGISTER ALU ALU ARRAYS CU CONTROL UNIT MICROCONTROLLER IIC AND OIC ALU REGISTER CU ARRAYS
- 10. MICROPROCESSOR WORKING FLOW CHART FETCHING IN DECODING EXECUTION MEMORY SYSTEM BUS REGISTER ALU ARRAYS CU INPUT PROCESSED SIGNAL DATA
- 11. Applications of Microprocessors… • Instrumentation • Control • Communication • Office automation and publication • Consumer
- 12. Instrumentation * Used in medical instrumentation * Used as controllers Ex: Frequency controllers,Spectrum analyses Control * Used to control home applainces * Used to control various parameters
- 13. Communication * Used in telephone industry Ex : Digital telephone sets,modem * Usage of microprocessors in Teleconference Ex ; LAN , Railway reservations Office automation & publication * Used in software packages * Used for spreadsheet operations,wordprocessing
- 14. Consumer * Used in entertainment equipment * They are applicable to a widerange of information processing tasks * Facilitates to make use of vast information * Most of the electronic devices contain built in microprocessors
- 15. Future scope *Microprocessors are more like market pull rather than a technology push phenomenon. Visible Form - Computers etc… Invisible Form - Controlling and maintaining. • Development in the usage for Architectural and technical purpoes
- 16. • Speeding up of execution – Chips with better mechanism will be made • Single Functioning micro processor chips will be made • Upgraded models might be seen ex: 17 MODEL • Only technology to integrate and evolve itself…
- 17. Concluding Remarks… A great 30 year history and a challenge for next 30! * Not a wall in performance growth but a slowing down * Diminishing returns on silicon investment Not just raw performance but… * Performance per transistor * Performance per watt
- 18. References: • http://www.ehow.com/about_6173647_uses- micropr • www.altafkhan.com/cs101ppt/microprocessor s.ppt ocessors.html • www.authorstream.com/.../aSGuest40651- 349644-microprocessor-ed...
- 19. Thank You Queries..? -Electronic Conquestadors