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Microscope
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- 3. HISTORY- • Zacharias Jansseninvented the first compound microscope in 1590. • Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) is credit with developing the first microscope. • Antony was the first to see bacteria ,red blood cells, yeast and so much more. • Antony is the father of microscope. • Robert Hooke’s famous “Micrographia” is published ,which studies by the using microscope. • Joseph Jackson Lister,1830 discovers that using weak lenses together at various distance provided clear magnification.
- 4. INTRODUCTION- • Microscope isan optical instrument used to see very small object. • Microscope is derived from Greek word-‘micro’ means tiny or small, and ‘scopian’ means to view. • Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.
- 5. TYPES- • Microscope ismainly 3 types- Optical microscope Electron microscope Scanning probe microscope OPTICAL MICROSCOPE It is of also 2 types- Simple microscope Compound microscope
- 6. SIMPLE MICROSOPE Introduction- • Itis a single convex lens of lesser focal length. • It is also called magnifying glass /reading lens. • A convex lens of short focal length can be used to magnified image of a small object. Principle – • When a small object is placed b/w the optical centre and focus of a convex lens . • It is virtual, erect and magnified image is formed on the same side of lens. • The lens is held close the eye and the distance of the object is adjusted till the image is formed at least distance of distinct vision from the eye. • The least distance of distinct vision is 25cm.
- 8. Uses – • Jewelersand watch makers makes uses of a convex lens or simple microscope. • In science lab. a magnifying glass is used to see slides and to read the vernier scale attached to the instruction. • The use of magnifying glass enables us to place the objects close to the eye, making it appear bright and yet clearly visible.
- 9. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE Introduction- • It’sconsist of 2 converging lenses called objective lens and eye piece lens. • It’s formed intermediate image is real and enlarge. • And final image is formed at infinite. • Feye lens > Fobjective lens (Dia.) eye lens >(Dia.)objective lens Objective lens- • It is having short focal length ,short aperture and facing the object. It's k/a objective lens.. Eye piece lens- • It is having having large focal length, large aperture and facing towards eye.it’s k/a eye piece lens.
- 10. Principle – • Whena small object is placed just outside the focus (Fo) ,of object lens. • It’s real ,inverted and magnified image is produce on the other side of the lens beyond 2Fo. • The image produce by the object lens act as an object from the object lens is so adjusted that the final image is formed at the least that the final image is formed at the least distance of distinct vision from the eye.
- 12. Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nosepiece Arm ObjectiveLens Stage Stage Clips Coarse Focus Fine Focus Base Diaphragm Light
- 13. PARTS OF MICROSCOPEFUNCTION Coarse adjustment knob General focus particularly for 10X lens Fine adjustment knob Fine focus ,particularly for 100X lens Arm Infrastructure of the microscope Power switch/brightness control On /Off switch for light ,changes intensity Base Infrastructure of the microscope Condenser knob Condenser movement Iris diaphragm lever Control of cone of light coming through condenser Objective lens Magnification of 10X, 40X, and 100X Revolving nose piece Attachment of objective lens Ocular eye piece lens Magnification of 10X Stage holder Hold slide in place Stage holder knob Movement of stage ,2 directions Stage Placement of slide
- 14. • General Procedures •1. Make sure all backpacks and materials are out of the aisles and off the tops of desks. • 2. Plug your microscope in to the outlet. • 3. Store with cord wrapped around microscope and the scanning objective clicked into place. • • 4. Carry by the base and arm with both hands.
- 15. Let’s give ita try ... 1 – Turn on the microscope and then rotate the nosepiece to click the red-banded objective into place. 2 – Place a slide on the stage and secure it using the stage clips. Use the coarse adjustment knob (large knob) to get it the image into view and then use the fine adjustment knob (small knob) to make it clearer. 4 – When you are done, turn off the microscope and put up the slides you used. 3 – Once you have the image in view, rotate the nosepiece to view it under different powers. Draw what you see on your worksheet! Be careful with the largest objective! Sometimes there is not enough room and you will not be able to use it!
- 16. Magnification Your microscope has3 magnifications: Scanning, Low and High. Each objective will have written the magnification. In addition to this, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. The total magnification is the ocular x objective
- 17. Magnification of simplemicroscope M=1+d/f Magnification of compound microscope M= -Vo/Uo(1+d/fe)
- 18. RESOLVING POWER The abilityof an optical instrument or type of film to separate or distinguish small or closely adjacent images. It is 3 types- Angular resolution Spectral resolution Optical resolution Resolving power of microscope- R.P=2usinØ/1.22ʎ
- 19. Difference b/w Simpleand Compound microscope SIMPLE MICROSCOPE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE It has only one type of lens i.e. objective lens ,eye piece is absent. It had both types of lens ,objective a well as eye piece lens. It has no variable magnification. It has variable magnification ,10X ,40X, 100X The image is formed erect ,enlarged and virtual. The image formed is enlarged ,inverted and virtual. Refractive error can’t be corrected by this microscope. Refractive error can be corrected through this microscope. Vernier callipers is not present in simple microscope Verniers callipers is present in compound microscope.