Middle Childhood
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During middle childhood from ages 7 to 12, children experience significant physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. Physically, children grow taller and stronger through skeletal and muscular changes. Cognitively, most children attend school for the first time and learn in structured environments. Socially, peers become increasingly important as children spend about 40% of their time with friends, navigating social hierarchies. Emotionally, developing independence can cause tensions with parents while forming an individual identity and self-esteem is an ongoing process.
Middle Childhood
- 1. MIDDLE CHILDHOOD AGES RANGING FROM 7 TO 12 YEARS
- 2. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth Skeletal and Muscular Motor Skills
- 3. GROWTH During middle childhood, children grow at a slow consistent rate before reaching a large growth spurt during adolescence.
- 4. SKELETAL & MUSCULAR The average weight increase during middle childhood is 5 to 7 pounds a year. The average height increase is 2 to 3 inches a year. By the age of 11 years, the average girl is 4 feet, 10 inches tall, and the average boy 4 feet, 9 1/2 inches tall. Muscle mass increases as baby fat decreases, while the legs become longer, and the body trunk becomes slimmer. Strength gradually increases due to heredity and exercise, doubling their strength, during these years. Because of a greater number of muscle cells boys are usually stronger than girls.
- 5. MOTOR SKILLS Childrens motor skills become smoother and more coordinated than in early childhood, for example, they are able to master running, skipping, bicycle riding, and skating. Gross motor skills involve mastery of large muscle movements. Fine motor skills are those dealing with dexterity. Boys will usually out perform girls in gross motor skills, whereas girls typically perform better than boys in fine motor skills. As children get older they become more aware of their bodies, and more able to control their physical movements. Children are able to keep their attention longer, and have less distracting body movement.
- 6. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT SCHOOL CHILDHOOD STRESS
- 7. SCHOOL
- 8. CHILDHOOD STRESS Children experience many different types of stress in many shapes and forms. From : gender, physical abilities, family life, economic and social class, education, and ethnicity.
- 9. Stress Stress is defined as the response of individuals to the events that threaten them and affect their coping abilities.
- 10. The separation from parents or guardian. Children have to adjust to the beginning of school. Middle age children begin to attend school for 5 to 7 hours, five days a week. Parents of middle age children usually begin to work part and full time jobs when children start elementary school. Thus, causing the children to attend an after school program, daycare facility, or arrive home to a babysitter or caregiver. A second major stressor is the adjustment to parent separations, divorce , and lack of one parental figure. Separated families cause too much or too little, positive and negative attention on the children, as well as financial and economical strain. Two major Stressors children have to cope
- 11. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CHILDREN AND PARENTAL ROLES PEERS TELEVISION AND VIOLENCE BECOMING AN INDIVIDUAL
- 12. CHILDREN AND PARENTAL ROLES Parents are dealing with adjusting to children finding themselves, attending school, and becoming more independent. Bringing up role issues and identity. Parents deal with discipline and how to go about praising and disciplining their children. Where children become more rebellious, and try to stand for what they feel is right. Therefore they are more likely to go against the authority of the parents, causing control to be joint, accepting input from both children and parents.
- 13. PEERS School age children are challenged with the issue of being accepted in their school environment. For example, being part of the popular crowd, having friends, wearing the "cool" clothes, being noticed, and how everyone perceives them. School age children start to look at their friends as advisors, instead of their adult figures. School age children spend a great amount of time with peers, about 40% of their day. They interact with peers in classroom settings, sport activities, and after school programs. Children are labeled by their peers as popular, those that are thought of as the "best friend" and accepted. Neglected children are those who are not considered "best friends", but are also accepted. Rejected children are usually not considered the "best friend", and are usually disliked by peers. Controversial children are placed in between being the "best friend", and being the disliked friend.
- 15. BECOMING AN INDIVIDUAL School age children grow through many changes, and are developing greatly. During the school age years, children are developing their individual selves, and finding their place and belonging. Self-esteem is a key factor in development throughout life . During the school age years, children are dealing with many different challenges, environments and problems everyday. This is when self-esteem issues really begin to emerge and children are often sent on an emotional roller coaster. School age children are trying to find themselves and their place, in terms of gender, social status, and ethnic background. Morals have a great effect on a child becoming an individual. They are being taught morals from their families, school, and religious backgrounds. Children are trying to make sense of all the beliefs and make them their own. In closing, we hope you have enjoyed this page and learned new information. Hopefully this will help you understand the changes and development of middle childhood. Kids are just trying to grow up and discover their sense of being in this world. Now that you have a bit of understanding lets give them a hand.