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Migration of corperate networks from ipv4 to ipv6 using dual stack
- 1. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING A Mini Project Presentation On MIGRATION OF CORPORATE NETWORKS FROM IPV4TO NEW GENERATION IPV6 USING DUALSTACKMETHOD Presented By : K.PRAVEEN REDDY
- 2. MIGRATION OF CORPORATE NETWORKS FROM IPV4 TO NEW GENERATION IPV6 USING DUAL STACK METHOD
- 3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION MODELS OSI MODEL IPV4 NETWORKS IPV6 NETWORKS MIGRATION OF IPV4 TO IPV6 USING DUAL STACK METHOD
- 4. COMMUNICATION MODELS TCP-IP OSI MODEL 7 LAYER NETWORK 4 LAYER NETWORK
- 5. (End to end connections Reliability) (path determination) Packets Bits Data OSI MODEL TCP-IP MODEL
- 6. Application layer Network process to application Example: Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox etc. Presentation layer Data representation & encryption • Coding to 1’s and 0’s • It puts in to specified format or sequence Example: HTTP( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol),SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). Session layer Interhost communication • Syncronization takes place • Managing multiple computers data seperately • Coordinates communication between the systems Example: Online banking pages.(for money transaction)
- 7. Transport layer end to end connections and reliability • In this layer the whole data is broken down into segments • Each segment has header H segment Source port Destination port • Two important protocols in transport layer 1)Transmittion Control Protocol (TCP) 2)User Data Protocol (UDP):
- 8. NETWORK LAYER Path determination & IP logic addressing • Here the data segments are divided into packets • To reach destination it requires certain guidance.so ROUTERS are used • It is responsibility of network layer to make sure that the packets reach destination is called ROUTING INTERFACE SIP DIP PACKETS Logical address (IP address) • IPV4 • IPV6 Physical address (MAC address) media access control Information going out & coming in
- 9. DATALINK LAYER MAC address • Error detection & data flow control PHYSICAL LAYER:- Media,Signal & Binary Transmission (BITS) Example: Ethernet cable. FRAMESSMAC DMAC
- 10. WORKING ON OSI MODEL
- 12. • IPV4 has 32-bits • The way of writing IP address is a “Doted Decimal Format” ____:____:____:____ Eg:- 192.168.1.8 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001000 • IP address are divided into different classes CLASS A 0 to 127 CLASS B 128 to 191 one to one communication (Unicast) CLASS C 192 to 223 CLASS D 224 to 239 one to many communication (Multicast) CLASS E 240 to 255 one to several communication (Broadcast)
- 13. SUBNETTING • A subnetwork or Subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network. • The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called Subnetting Network ID : 192.168.1.240/28 Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0 Broadcast ID : 192.168.1.240 Range : 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.239
- 14. DRAWBACKS:- • Running short of address • Manual configuration is required • Class ports addressing system (too many hosts) • Dotted decimal format not suitable for mobile network • Header length are variable
- 16. • It has 128 bits • So the number of addresses are 2^128 = 340282366920938463463374607431768211455 • It is represented in hexadecimal format • It has 8blocks, each consists of 16bits _______ : _______ : _______ : ________ : _______ : ______ : _______ : _______ Network prefix Host prefix • Example : 2001:DC0:A910:: 1010 /1001 /0001/ 0000
- 17. Rule – 1 Leading zeros are ignored Example: 2000:0000:0000:ABCD:0234:0000:0000:0000 2000:0:0:ABCD :0234:0:0:0 Rule – 2 Consecutive can be replaced with (::) double colon but only once Example: 2000:0000:0000:ABCD:0234:0000:0000:0000 2000:0:0:ABCD:0234:0:0:0 2000::ABCD:234:0:0:0 RULES OF IPV6
- 18. TYPES OF ADDRESS UNICAST ADDRESSING ONE TO ONE NETWORKS MULTICAST ADDRESSING ONE TO MANY NETWORKS ANYCAST ADDRESSING MANY TO MANY NETWORKS
- 19. Subnetting • In IPv4 for subnetting we are borrowing host bits • In IPv6 for subnetting no need to barrow host bits Example:2000::/48 Network bits : 48 Host bits : 16 2^16 =65k bits are kept aside for subnetting. • The merging of many networks into single network is superneting.16 bits are used for Supernetting _____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____
- 20. Auto configuration • Auto configuration is a good feature in IPv6 Example:2000::1/64 to router interface • The next 64 host bits router will give to computer • The IP address is configured automatically 2000::1:EUI64
- 21. HEADER In IPv4 header contains many fields mainly SIP(source IP) & DIP(destination IP) In IPv6 it eliminates fields that are unneeded or and adds fields that provide better support for real time traffic HEADER IPV-4 IPV-6 Header contains 20 bytes No built in security There is traffic loss Header 40 bytes are fixed Built in security No traffic loss
- 22. ADVANTAGES • More efficient routing • More efficient packet processing • Directed data flows • Simplified network configuration • Support for new services • More secure
- 24. In order to communicate with ipv4 to ipv6 networks following methods are used > DUAL STACK METHOD > TUNNELING • IPv4 packet is encapsulated in an IPv6 packet when it enters into IPv6 region Client (IPv4) Server (IPv4) IPv6 REGION
- 25. • The Dual Stack Router, can communicate with both the networks. It provides a medium for the hosts to access a server without changing their respective IP versions DUAL STACK METHOD : Source Server IP networks (IPv4/IPv6) Destination
- 26. Length of address : 32 bits Represented in Doted Decimal notation It is optionally secured Manually configured No packet flow identification Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is available to map IPV4 addresses to MAC addresses Number of address = 2 ^32 ~ 4,294,697,296(aprox) Length of address : 128 bits Represented in Hexadecimal notation It is inbuilt secured Automatically configured Packet flow identification is available within the IPV6 header using the Flow Label field Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is replaced with a function of Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) Number of address = 2^128 ~340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607, 431,728,211,456 (approx) IPv4 IPv6
- 28. The thesis discusses the approach of IPv6 over the limited IPv4 in Internet world where users have increased rapidly. It also compares the consequences and features of transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Transition methods with their configuration and challenges that come forward during each transition process, are also documented in this thesis. A practical approach of various transition methods led to the conclusion that dual stack remains more popular and practical with low cost in implementation and supported by wide range of devices. Transition methods, like tunneling and translation, are not optimally supported for the networks during a transition from IPv4 to IPv6 although these tools are provided by IETF to make the transition easier. Thus, dual stack seems the preferable method to begin adopting IPv6 with upgradable devices in order to securely manage the exiting IPv4 Infrastructure. This transition incurs minimal impact on customers, as they do not have to move IPv6 overnight and can deploy and migrate to IPv6 when they are ready.
- 29. Most of the Internet Service Providers, and web companies are enabling IPv6 permanently for their customers and services. Since World IPv6 launch began on 6 June 2012, global IPv6 traffic has grown by 500%. If this trend continues, in less than four years, half of the Internet users will connect with IPv6. The main purpose of the thesis is to discuss the progress of IPv6 over the depletion of IPv4 along with features including its advantages and disadvantages. It aims to discover the best solution for a transition method and factors affecting IPv6 implementation, which is solely based on the data collected from different sources. Transition techniques are presented in this thesis elaborated with configuration and challenges. The thesis concludes that using an option like dual stack is a good possible solution since the NAT (Network Address Translation) transition appears less user friendly and has been discouraged by network operators with elapse of time. FUTURE SCOPE
- 30. ANY QUERIES?
- 31. THANK YOU