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Mnemonic learning Y11 - 1 weimar fails
The Weimar Republic faced significant problems that undermined its stability and governance: 1) Communist and right-wing extremist groups challenged the government through uprisings and rebellion, while many officials sympathized with the right and did not fully support the democratic system. 2) The army was not fully under civilian control and refused to defend the government during crises. 3) A proportional electoral system led to many small parties, making majority rule and stable governance difficult. 4) Occupation of the Ruhr valley by France in response to unpaid reparations humiliated Germany and hyperinflation ensued from paying workers to strike, further destabilizing the economy.
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Discusses the mnemonic CROAPOP highlighting critical problems of Weimar Germany including political strife, hyperinflation, and the rise of extremist parties.
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Mnemonic learning Y11 - 1 weimar fails
- 1. Mnemonic Learning IProblemsof the Weimar RepublicWeimar Germany
- 2. CROAPOPC – CommunistsR– Right wing partiesO – OfficialsA - Army P - Proportional RepresentationO – Occupation of the RuhrP – Printing money
- 3. C – CommunistsCommunistmovements were a big problem in Germany.In Jan 1919 Spartacists rebelled in Berlin, led by the Communists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht.The Weimar government was forced to make a deal with the Freikorps (private armies) to deal with the uprising. R – Right wing partiesMarch 1920, Kapp Putsch. Right-wing rebellion. The army refused to attack him; he was only defeated when the workers of Berlin went on strike.
- 4. In 1923 Hitlerand his Nazi party attempted to seize control in Munich (Beer hall Putsch) fortunately for Weimar republic the police did not support the uprising.O - OfficialsMany government officials – especially judges – were right-wing and wanted to destroy the government. After the Kapp Putsch, 700 rebels were tried for treason; only 1 went to prison. After the Munich Putsch, Hitler went to prison for only 9 months.A - ArmyThe Army, led by the right-wing General Hans von Seeckt, was not fully under the government’s control.
- 5. It failed tosupport government during the Kapp Putsch or the crisis of 1923. P – Proportional representationThe system of proportional voting led to 28 parties. This made it virtually impossible to establish a majority in the Reichstag, and led to frequent changes in the government. During 1919-33, there were twenty separate coalition governments and the longest government lasted only two years. This political chaos caused many to lose faith in the new democratic system.O – Occupation of the RuhrThe cause of the trouble was Reparations – the government paid them by printing more money, causing inflation.
- 6. In January 1923,Germany failed to make a payment, and France’s new Prime Minister Raymond Poincare invaded the Ruhr.
- 7. This humiliated thegovernment, which ordered a general strike, and paid the strikers by printing more money, causing hyperinflation. P – Printing MoneyHyperinflation probably happened because the Weimar government printed banknotes to pay reparations and the Ruhr strikers. Because these banknotes were not matched by Germany's production, their value fell. Prices spiralled out of control and people with savings and fixed incomes lost everything. Anger at foreigners, and at the rich profiteers who made their fortunes from the hyperinflation, added to the support of extreme political parties such as the fascists and the communists.REMEMBER –CROAPOPThe Problems facing Weimar Germany