MOBILE BUG ; ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR USING CMOS & BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS
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This document provides information about a project to build an active cell phone detector circuit. It includes a circuit diagram and descriptions of the major components used, including the CA3130 and NE555 integrated circuits. The circuit works by using a capacitor to detect radio frequency signals from nearby cell phones, converting this to a voltage that triggers a monostable multivibrator to activate an alarm. The detector is able to identify incoming/outgoing calls and video transmission from phones within 1-1.5 meters.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 3. Block diagram of circuit
There are four major blocks in the case of the cell phone detector. They are
○ Antenna ○ Current to voltage to converter
○ Monostable IC 555 ○ Output stage
Block Diagram and Working of Cell Phone Detector:
Ordinary LC (Coil-Capacitor) circuits are used to detect low frequency radiation in the AM
and FM bands. The tuned tank c1rcuit having 3 cm] and a variable capacitor retrieve the
signal from the carrier wave. But such LC circuits cannot detect high frequency waves near
the microwave region. Hence in the circuit a capacitor is used to detect RF from mobile
phone considering that a capacitor can store energy even from an outside source and oscillate
like LC circuit.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cpd-170131010509/85/MOBILE-BUG-ACTIVE-CELL-PHONE-DETECTOR-USING-CMOS-BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS-11-320.jpg)
MOBILE BUG ; ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR USING CMOS & BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS
- 1. Page | 1 A Mini Project Report on ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR USING CMOS & BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS Submitted to T JOHN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Bangalore. Bachelor of Engineering In Electronics and Communication Engineering By Shahrukh Javed BEE141570 Syed Moula BEE141528 Session: 2016-2017 Date of submission 13th Oct 2016 UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF PROF. BASAVANAGOUDA DEPARTMENT OF ECE. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering T JOHN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Visvesvaraya Technological University) (Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to VTU & Accredited by NAAC) 86/3, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore - 560083
- 2. Page | 2 PREFACE This project provides complete information on the topic “ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR” and maximum efforts have been taken to make the project more comprehensive and lucid to understand. This project covers a variety of sub topics like basic information, its working, day to day uses in life and different aspects of Mobile Detector System. One may notice a perceptible change in written in an easy dialogue style engaging the readers constantly and included with more informatics comments. I assure you to go through this project thoroughly to know a bit more and facts about Cell Phone Detector aka Mobile Bug.
- 3. Page | 3 Declaration I hereby declare that the project entitled “ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR” submitted by us to T. John Institute of Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University during the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering is a record of bonafide project work carried out by us under the guidance of Mr. Basavanagouda. I further declare that the work reported in this mini project has not been submitted & will not be submitted either in part or in full for award of any degree in this institute. SHAHRUKH JAVED SYED MOULA
- 4. Page | 4 Acknowledgement The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success. It is my greatest pleasure to thank Dr. Arun Vikas Singh Head of Department of Electronics and Communication, T.John Institute of Technology for providing us heart full encouragement support and allowing us to work in such a resourceful lab of this esteemed institute & thereby fulfilling one of my dreams. I whole heartedly thank my project guide Mr. Basavanagouda (Asst. Professor Electronics & Communication Department) for his consistent guidance, expert academic and support throughout the project, without his great concepts & inspiration it would have been impossible. I‟m very much thankful to Mr.Chethan for his help in the laboratory for practical guidance during this project. I thank my parents for their emotional and financial support which they provided during this project. We show gratitude to our Honourable Principal Dr. H.N Thippeswamy, for having provided all the facilities and support. I thank to all faculties who directly and indirectly helped us in the completion of this projects.
- 5. Page | 5 INTRODUCTION As increase in the technology in the world the most common electronic equipment used is cell phones. With advancement in communication technology, the requirement of cell phones has increased manifold. A cell phone typically transmits and receives signals in the frequency range of 0.9 to 3GHz & operates by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. Here we will discuss the overview of Cell Phone Detector & further we will also discuss about circuit diagram and description of the circuit diagram. This handy, pocket-size mobile transmission detector can sense the presence of an activated mobile cell phone from a distance of one and-a-half meters. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for Spying and unauthorized video transmission. The circuit can detect the incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile phone is kept in the silent mode. The moment the Bug detects RF(radio frequency) transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm continues until the signal transmission ceases. Earlier there was no technology to detect cell phones in the restricted areas, in manual checking there is still a chance of having cell phone by-mistake or if not checked properly. NOTE Circuit will not detect if the mobile is switched off. This project provides a simple circuit to detect the presence of an activated cell phone by detecting these signals.
- 6. Page | 6 COMPONENTS USED SR.NO. COMPONENT NAME SPECIFICATION QUANTITY 1. INTEGRATED CIRCIUT CA3130 NE555 1 1 2. TRANSISTOR Bc548 1 3. RESISTOR 2.2MΩ 100KΩ 1KΩ 12KΩ 15KΩ 2 1 2 1 1 4. CAPACITOR 22pF 0.22uF 100u(16v) 47pF 0.1uF 0.01uF 4.7MF(16v) 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 5. BUZZER PIEZO 1 6. LED RED 1 7. ANTENNA 5” 1 8. BATTERY 9V 1 Table 1. List of the Components Used.
- 7. Page | 7 MAJOR COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 1. CA310 IC Fig 1. Pin configuration of IC CA3130 CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar transistors. Gate-protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in the input circuit to provide very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current and exceptional speed performance. The use of PMOS transistors in the input stage results in common-mode input- voltage capability down to 0.5V below the negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply applications. A CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of either supply-voltage terminal (at very high values of load impedance), is employed as the output circuit. The CA3130 Series circuits operate at supply voltages ranging from 5V to 16V, (±2.5V to ±8V). They can be phase compensated with a single external capacitor, and have terminals for adjustment of offset voltage for applications requiring offset-null capability. Terminal provisions are also made to permit strobing of the output stage.
- 8. Page | 8 Absolute Maximum Ratings DC Supply Voltage (Between V+ And V- Terminals) . .. . . . . .16V Differential Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .8V DC Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……………........ (V+ +8V) to (V- -0.5V) Input-Terminal Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1mA Output Short-Circuit Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………...….Indefinite Operating Conditions Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………. . . -50oC to 125oC Features 1. Ideal for Single-Supply Applications. 2. Common-Mode Input-Voltage Range Includes Negative Supply Rail; Input Terminals can be Swung 0.5V Below Negative Supply Rail. 3. CMOS Output Stage Permits Signal Swing to Either (or both) Supply Rails. 4. Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant) Applications • Ground-Referenced Single Supply Amplifiers. • Fast Sample-Hold Amplifiers. • Long-Duration Timers/Monostables • High-Input-Impedance Comparators & Wideband Amplifiers • Voltage Followers & Voltage Regulators. • Peak Detectors • Single-Supply Full-Wave Precision Rectifiers • Photo-Diode Sensor Amplifiers
- 9. Page | 9 2. NE555 IC Fig 2. Pin configuration of NE555 IC The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package. These devices are precision timing circuits capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation. In the time-delay or mono-stable mode of operation, the timed interval is controlled by a single external resistor and capacitor network. In the a-stable mode of operation, the frequency and duty cycle can be controlled independently with two external resistors and a single external capacitor. The threshold and trigger levels normally are two thirds and one-third, respectively, of VCC. These levels can be altered by use of the control-voltage terminal. When the trigger input falls below the trigger level, the flip-flop is set, and the output goes high. If the trigger input is above the trigger level and the threshold input is above the threshold level, the flip flop is reset and the output is low. The reset (RESET) input can override all other inputs and can be used to initiate a new timing cycle. When RESET goes low, the flip-flop is reset, and the output goes low. When the output is low, a low-impedance path is provided between discharge (DISCH) and ground. The output circuit is capable of sinking or sourcing current up to 200 mA. Operation is specified for supplies of 5 V to 15 V. With a 5-V supply, output levels are compatible with TTL inputs.
- 10. Page | 10 Pin description The connection of the pins for a DIP package is as follows: PIN NAME PURPOSE 1 GND Ground reference voltage, low level (0 V) 2 TRIG OUT will be high as long as the trigger is kept at low voltage. Output of the timer totally depends upon the amplitude of the external trigger voltage applied to this pin. 3 OUT This output is driven to approximately 1.7 V below +VCC, or to GND. 4 RESET A timing interval may be reset by driving this input to GND, but the timing does not begin again until RESET rises above approximately 0.7 volts. Overrides TRIG which overrides THR. 5 CTRL Provides "control" access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3 VCC). 6 THR The timing (OUT high) interval ends when the voltage at THR ("threshold") is greater than that at CTRL (2/3 VCC if CTRL is open). 7 DIS Open collector output which may discharge a capacitor between intervals. In phase with output. 8 VCC Positive supply voltage, which is usually between 3 and 15 V depending on the variation. Table 2. Features 1. Timing From Microseconds to Hours 2. Astable or Monostable Operation 3. Adjustable Duty Cycle 4. TTL-Compatible Output Can Sink or Source Up to 200 mA Applications • Fingerprint Biometrics. • Iris Biometrics. • RFID Reader. • Pulse width modulation. • Precision timing and pulse generation.
- 11. Page | 11 BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig 3. Block diagram of circuit There are four major blocks in the case of the cell phone detector. They are ○ Antenna ○ Current to voltage to converter ○ Monostable IC 555 ○ Output stage Block Diagram and Working of Cell Phone Detector: Ordinary LC (Coil-Capacitor) circuits are used to detect low frequency radiation in the AM and FM bands. The tuned tank c1rcuit having 3 cm] and a variable capacitor retrieve the signal from the carrier wave. But such LC circuits cannot detect high frequency waves near the microwave region. Hence in the circuit a capacitor is used to detect RF from mobile phone considering that a capacitor can store energy even from an outside source and oscillate like LC circuit.
- 12. Page | 12 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Fig4. Circuit diagram of cell phone detector Circuit Diagram Description: An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not suitable for detecting signals in the GHz frequency band used in mobile phones. The transmission frequency of mobile phones ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHZ with a Wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit detecting gigahertz signals is required for a cell phone detector. Here the circuit uses a 0.22pF disk capacitor C3 to capture the radio frequency (RF) signals from the mobile phone. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small gigahertz loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone. Op amp IC CA3130 (IC1) is used in the circuit as a current to voltage converter with capacitor connected between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. It is a CMOS version using gate-protected p channel MOSFET transistors in the input to provide very high input impedance, very low input current and very high speed of performance. The output CMOS transistor is capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10 mV of either supply voltage terminal. Capacitor C3 in conjunction with the lead inductance acts as a transmission line that intercepts the Signals from the mobile phone. This capacitor creates a field, stores energy and transfers the stored energy in the form of minute current to the inputs of IC1. This will upset the balanced input of IC1 and convert the current into the corresponding output voltage.
- 13. Page | 13 Capacitor C4 along with high value resistor R1 keeps the non inverting input stable for easy swing of the output to high state. Resistor R2 provides the discharge path for capacitor C4. Feedback resistor R3 makes the inverting input high when the output becomes high. Capacitor C5 (47pF) is connected across „strobe‟ (pin 0 and „null‟ inputs (pin 1) of IC-1 for phase compensation and gain control to optimize the frequency response. When the mobile phone signal is detected by C3, the output of IC-l becomes high and low alternately according to the frequency of the signal as indicated by LED-1. This triggers monostable timer IC-2 through capacitor C7. Capacitor C6 maintains the base bias of transistor T1 for fast switching action. The low value timing components R6 and C9 produce very short little delay to avoid audio nuisance.
- 14. Page | 14 Advantage Easy to operate & Fast response. Smaller in size. Efficient design eliminates button operation. Low power consumption and sophisticated security. Detection of hidden cell phones. Limitations of Mobile Phone Detector Circuit: “RANGE” The prototype version has only limited range of 1 to 1.5 meters. But if a preamplifier stage using JFET or MOSFET transistor is used as an interface between the capacitor and IC, range can be increased. Applications: 1. This circuit can be used at meetings to detect presence of mobile phones and prevent the use of cell phones. With a GSM detector the use of mobile phones is detected, so the visitor can be informed that this is not allowed. 2. It can be used for detecting mobile phones used for spying and unauthorized transmission of audio and video. 3. It can be used to detect stolen mobile phones. 4. Colleges and Universities: During tests and exams the use of mobile phones is prohibited, the students could use it to send answers among each other. By using a GSM detector this kind of fraud is prohibited. The presence of a GSM Detector can work in a preventing way, because when GSM detector is present, the use of mobile phones does not stay unnoticed. It is useful where the use of mobile phone is prohibited like: ○Petrol pumps. ○Gas station. ○Historical places. ○Religious places. ○Court of laws. ○Military bases. ○Hospitals. ○Conferences . ○Embassies.
- 15. Page | 15 CONCLUSION The project “ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR” was designed to help to detect the misuse of communication for security reasons with the friendly hardware interaction for the users. The working capability of a cell phone detector is appreciable and can be operated very efficiently. Secondly, integrating features of all the hardware components along with the advanced IC‟s used contributed to the best working of the unit. Thus in this project we made an attempt to design a mobile detector which can detect both the incoming and outgoing calls as well as video transmission even if the mobile is kept at the silent mode. Our circuit has detected the presence of an active mobile phone even at a distance of about one and half a meter. It gave the indication of an active mobile phone by glowing the LED, according to the receiving frequency and by buzzing the sound of the buzzer. The alarm continues until the Signal is ceases. Finally, the project has been successfully implemented & tested. It really persuades us to do more and more perhaps in better way in future.