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![Registry (Australia)
[AusRegistry Pty Ltd]
Licensed by auDA
appointed by competitive tender
Operate registry for one or more 2LDs
Technical functions
run nameservers
maintain database of domain names
receive approved registrations from Registrars
operate WHOIS service
Appointed by auDA in December 2001
4 year licence to operate registry for 5
2LDs
asn.au, com.au, id.au, net.au, org.au
26
Must meet auDA technical specifications](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/modellembagadomainid-121122055020-phpapp02/75/Modellembagadomain-id-26-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byNur Arif RiFi
Modellembagadomain id
The document discusses models for the institutional structure of domain name management in Indonesia. It summarizes key points from presentations on domain name systems globally and examples from other countries. The main points are: 1) An independent not-for-profit organization should manage the .id top-level domain with a board of directors focused on Internet development in Indonesia. 2) The organization could serve as both the registry and administrator, or the registry function could be delegated to another qualified technical entity. 3) It should be a public-private partnership with minimal government intervention and represent Indonesia's Internet community internationally.
![Microsoft power point domain and cyber squatting [compatibility mode]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/microsoftpowerpoint-domainandcybersquattingcompatibilitymode-121201080923-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Modellembagadomain id
- 1. BENTUK MODEL KELEMBAGAAN SISTEMNAMA DOMAIN INTERNET UNTUK INDONESIA Paparan oleh Sukarno Abdulrachman Pembentukan Lembaga Pengelolaan Nama Domain Jakarta, 19-20 Januari 2005
- 2. Ringkasan Menemukan dan mengembangkan MODEL melalui pengamatan POLA PIKIR, PANDANGAN & SOLUSI di berbagai belahan dunia Paparan tidak membahas MODEL secara teknis operasional, melainkan KONSEPTUAL 2
- 3. Isi Paparan Hal 1. Pengelolaan Internet – Internet Governance 5 a. Tantangan b. Ciri-ciri / Sifat Pengelolaan 1. Sistem Nama Domain se-Dunia, 9 ICANN 3. Fungsi/ tugas Lembaga 16 4. Kerja-sama Internasional 21 5. Benchmarking auDA, CIRA 22 6. Kesimpulan dan Saran 31 3
- 4. Referensi-referensi 1. Presentation Mr. Stuart Lynn, Former President ICANN, Cornell University, 28 Juni 2005 2. Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia, DepKomInfo, 2005 3. ICANN, auDA, CIRA, CENTR, APTLD, dll.
- 5.
- 6. What Is InternetGovernance? Broad View Narrow View Social Policy Issues Central Spam Coordination Cybercrime Names Terrorism Pornography Numbers Copyrights Etc Economic Policy Internet Stability Issues (ITU vs ICANN) Haves vs Have Nots Taxation Legal 6 Enforcement
- 7. Tantangan dalam Pengelolaan Internet Trans-jurisdictional (Melintasi batas-batas Negara) Nations, states, etc. Rapid change (Perubahan Cepat Sekali) Instant obsolescence Porous (Terbuka) Open to “all” and “everything” Lack of ”situs” (Lokasi fisik tidak menentu) Anywhere, any place, any time Conflicting interests (Konflik Kepentingan - Disputes) Dan lain-lain 7
- 8. Ciri-ciri / Sifat-sifatPengelolaan Internet (Juga untuk Pengelolaan Domain) Governance should be characterized by: Democratic & transparent processes Open participation Governments, private sector, civil society etc Avoidance of undue influence, capture Efficient management, decision-making Kompetisi, dimana mungkin 8
- 9. The Domain NameSystem 9
- 10. Domain Names In place of a hard to remember number IP (Internet Protocol) address 128.82.48.10 Use an easy to remember domain name www.msl.net 10
- 11. The Domain NameHierarchy Root The Root Top Level Domains .com .edu .biz ... .id .uk . . . Second Level Cnet.com or.id Domains Third Level Domains abc.or.id Global TLDs ccTLDs 11
- 12. The Domain NameSystem /Process Root REGISTRAR(S) Zone Root ICANN Root Register File Server Root Server Domain Server Names USER ISP REGISTRY IP IP Address Address abc.msl.net?? Domain of ..net of .msl.net Name .net Registry .msl.net Registry Resolver Registry Registry NAME SERVERS IP Address of abc.msl.net 12
- 13. ICANN Internet Corporation forAssigned Names and Numbers
- 14. ICANN Mission Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique identifiers Names, addresses, protocol numbers Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS Stability Coordinate policy development Reasonably/appropriately related Promote core values Stability, delegation, consensus Competition, market mechanisms Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability Respect for role of governments 14
- 15. ICANN Organization (2005) ICANN President/CEO Ombudsman Board of Directors Board of Directors Staff GAC ALAC Government Government At-Large At-Large Advisory Council Advisory Council Advisory Council Advisory Council CCNSO CCNSO GNSO ASO Country Code Names Country Code Names Generic Names Generic Names Address Address Supporting Organization Supporting Organization Supporting Organization Supporting Organization Supporting Organization Supporting Organization At Large Security & Stability Root System Server Technical Liaison Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Advisory Committee Group Liaison Liaison Liaison (IETF) 15
- 16. ccTLD Managers objectives (CENTR) • ccTLD Managers will operate under the law of the country or territory where they are located A ccTLD Manager is entrusted with the management of the ccTLD, but has no interest in intellectual property rights in the 2 letter code A ccTLD Manager should be equitable and fair to all eligible registrants and operate the database with accuracy, robustness, and resilience “Manager” = Lembaga / Badan 16
- 17. The Local InternetCommunity (CENTR) • Public and private sector (commercial, non commercial, users, government) • Authority of the ccTLD manager comes from serving the LIC • The LIC has the overall responsibility for local policies and will coordinate these policies with respect to the technical operability of the Registry • The role of the IANA as a DNS support service is accepted and supported by ccTLD community 17 ”Local” = negara y.b.s.
- 18. Why is Public/ Private sector partnership important? Internet technology is changing too fast for many international organisations/forums The Internet is a “self organizing”network (not following set paths) shows that traditional “regulations”will not work. The system will automatically find a path around any “restriction”. Consensus based Policy at National and International level should result in light weight market driven improvements to services to the Internet users. • Improvements in services is good for development of society and economic growth. 18
- 19. Top Level DomainManager / Administrator Kembangkan Best Practice for ccTLD Manager (Lihat halaman berikut) Kembangkan ‘Guidelines on the operation of ccTLD registry‘ Partisipasi dalam menyusun ‘Policies for registry’, berdasarkan “azas-azas”: self-organised regulation bottom-up authority consensus transparency 19 cooperation based on trust and fairness
- 20. Best Practices -Scope Duties of the ccTLD Manager Process to Define the Local Internet Community Process to Register Domain Names Registrant Policies Technical Requirements Relationship with IANA Financial Basis of Operation Subcontracting Data Security Domain Name Dispute Resolution 20
- 21. Kerjasama Internasional antar Pengelola Nama Domain (contoh) Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries (CENTR). Not-for- profit organisation, based in Oxford, Salzburg and Brussels. Established March 1998. 45 anggota (contoh) APTLD (Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association) is an organisation for ccTLD (country-code Top Level Domain) registries in Asia Pacific region. Established in 1998, and in 2003 legally established in Malaysia. 18 anggota 21
- 22. au Domain AdministrationLtd. (auDA) About auDA .au Domain Administration Ltd (auDA) is the policy authority and industry self-regulatory body for the .au domain space. Role of auDA auDA carries out the following functions: develop and implement domain name policy license 2LD registry operators accredit and license registrars implement consumer safeguards facilitate .au Dispute Resolution Policy represent .au at ICANN and other international fora. 22
- 23. Tentang auDA Delegate for .au and all .au 2LDs (dapat dilimpahkan) Industry self-regulatory body Non-profit organisation Membership-based supply, demand, representative assoc 13 directors 11 elected by members, 2 appointed 3 fulltime staff 23
- 24. Tentang auDA Implement consumer safeguards Facilitate .au Dispute Resolution Policy Represent .au internationally ICANN, ccTLD, APTLD, dll. Policy: Manage .au in the public interest Preserve security and integrity of the DNS Promote development of competitive industry Protect interests of Registrants 24
- 25. Industry Structure (Australia) auDA Registry Registrar Registrar Registrar Reseller Reseller Reseller Registrant Registrant Registrant 25
- 26. Registry (Australia) [AusRegistry Pty Ltd] Licensed by auDA appointed by competitive tender Operate registry for one or more 2LDs Technical functions run nameservers maintain database of domain names receive approved registrations from Registrars operate WHOIS service Appointed by auDA in December 2001 4 year licence to operate registry for 5 2LDs asn.au, com.au, id.au, net.au, org.au 26 Must meet auDA technical specifications
- 27. Canada (CIRA) Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA); Not-for-profit corporation for managing the .ca domain space in the public interest. (1998) 1999. Canadian government recognized CIRA as the new administrator of the .ca. Government set the general principles and structure of CIRA to administer the .ca domain space. 2000. Agreement between Gov and CIRA 27
- 28. Tentang CIRA The general principles are: Open and transparent, that ensures wide public access to all relevant information; following fair and sound business practices; Appropriate balance of representation, accountability and diversity on the Board of Directors for all categories of stakeholders; Service quick and easy, priced competitively; 28
- 29. Tentang CIRA The general principles are: Reducing conflicts between persons granted domain names and other rights holders, including trade-marks or business names; and Administering a system that facilitates and encourages entry for new players including registrars. Volunteer Board of Directors (14 members) – policy setting 3 Directors (representing User Community, Industry, Registrars) 9 Directors elected by mCIRA members 2 Ex-officio members non voting (Gov + CEO) 29
- 30. Struktur Organisasi LII LII 29 President BOARD and CEO Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Sekretariat 2 2 3 3 GAC NGAC 2 2 ASO DNSO ACCS2 CERT Etc 3 Memberships -Postel -Mastel POLICY Terdiri dari: -gTLD Akreditasi ID-First Lain-2 -Kominfo -ISOC-ID At Large -APJII -ccTLD & ID-Cert -Indag -FTII -Napsindo -Registrars Sertifikasi -POLRI -ATSI -TLKM, -TNI -Portal -Indosat, dll -Webhost -IndoWLI -Awari -Etc… OPR’NT Keterangan: IP Domain GAC: Government Advisory Committee Registrars Registrars NGAC: Non Government Advisory Committee ASO: Address Supporting Organization DNSO: Domain Name Supporting Organization ACCS: Accreditation and Sertification Organization CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team Badan Penyelesaian sengketa Etc: Lain2, disiapkan untuk perangkat lembaga lainnya 30 Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia, hal 48
- 31. Kesimpulan & Saran tentang Bentuk Model Lembaga Pengelola Nama Domain Indonesia 1. Lembaga menyandang tugas sebagai Manager / Administrator Top Level Domain, dengan Dewan Pimpinan (Board) yang integritasnya tinggi, peduli akan kemajuan Internet di Indonesia. Organisasi adalah “Not for Profit”. 2. Pada dasarnya Lembaga adalah juga Registry, tetapi tugas itu dapat juga didelegasikan ke badan lain, komersial, yang berkualifikasi teknis (dasar kontrak) – pola Australia 31
- 32. Kesimpulan & Saran 3. Lembaga merupakan Public-Private Partnership, dengan pendekatan “industry selfregulation”, dimana intervensi Pemerintah dibuat minimal / sekecil mungkin, 4. Lembaga memiliki tugas mewakili “komunitas Internet Indonesia” di berbagai forum Internasional, sejauh mengenai masalah (sistem) nama domain – ICANN, IANA, APTLD, ITU (?) 5. Azas-azas harus ditetapkan dan pegang teguh, a.l. transparansi, pendekatan konsensus, fairness. 32
- 33. Kesimpulan & Saran 6.Perangkat-perangkat dikembangkan dan dipraktekkan dengan patuh-azas, sehingga terbentuk Best Practices yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. 7.Lembaga berpartisipasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa (perlu didalami, dan dilaksanakan sesuai arahan/ guidelines ICANN, dls) 8.Bila mungkin, adakan benchmarking ke 2-3 negara. 33
- 34.