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324 Modern Database Management, Eleventh Edition
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
Chapter 7 Advanced SQL
Chapter Overview
Chapter 7 follows from Chapter 6, from single table queries to multi-table joins,
subqueries (both non-correlated and correlated), establishing referential integrity, and
derived tables. Triggers, stored procedures, functions, embedded SQL, dynamic SQL,
and Persistent Stored Modules are also covered. This chapter also contains a detailed
discussion of transaction integrity as well as the SQL:200n enhancements and extensions
to SQL and an overview of data dictionaries. Chapter 6 is a prerequisite for this
chapter.
Chapter Objectives
Specific student learning objectives are included at the beginning of the chapter. From an
instructor’s point of view, the objectives of this chapter are to:
1. Build the student’s SQL skills and an appreciation of SQL through many
examples of relational queries from SQL; demonstrate capabilities such as
multiple-table data retrieval (join and other operators such as difference, union,
and intersection), explicit and implicit joining, and built-in functions.
2. Illustrate the differences between the joining and subquery approaches to
manipulating multiple tables in SQL.
3. Introduce the transaction and concurrency control features of relational DBMSs.
4. Discuss the SQL:200n enhancements to SQL.
5. Briefly discuss the data dictionary facilities available in Oracle 10g.
6. Discuss triggers and stored procedures and provide examples of how these might
be used.
7. Briefly discuss dynamic and embedded SQL.
8. Understand the use of user-defined data types in large database installations.
Key Terms
Correlated subquery Function Persistent Stored Modules
(SQL/PSM)
Dynamic SQL Join Procedure
Embedded SQL Natural Join Trigger
Equi-join Outer Join User-defined data type
(UDT)

Chapter 7 325
Classroom Ideas
1. Have students program in a system that supports SQL along with this chapter. The
nuances of joining multiple tables, nesting subqueries, properly qualifying built-in
functions, and so forth are really only learned by writing a wide variety of non-trivial
queries. There are exercises at the end of the chapter that will provide such practice
for students.
2. If students have access to Oracle, have them take a look at the various data
dictionary views available to them as a user. You may also want to discuss the
various DBA views available and show these to the students during your lecture.
Remember that Teradata University supports Oracle for classroom use, and that you
may set up access for yourself and your students. The databases from the text are
available, as are much larger datasets that you may want to use. Teradata
University’s home page is www.teradatastudentnetwork.com.
3. When discussing multiple table queries, always emphasize that there is more than
one way to write a query. For example, show the students a query using a join and
then the same query using subqueries.
4. Emphasize the cases when a subquery is needed and cannot be substituted with a
join. A good example of this would be the case where one needs to find all
customers who have never purchased a product (using a subquery with the NOT IN
qualifier).
5. Develop an exercise for the students to explore the effects of a trigger. Have them
create and populate some tables, then write an insert trigger for one of the tables that
might impact other tables. You could then have the students insert some records and
see the results. It is important to show the effects of triggers through examples that
the students can try out, followed by problems that they would have to solve by
writing triggers. The same can be said for stored procedures.
6. The discussion on SQL/PSM might be a good place to introduce PL/SQL before
introducing triggers and stored procedures.
Answers to Review Questions
1. Define each of the following key terms:
a. Dynamic SQL. The process of making an application capable of generating
specific SQL code on the fly, as the application is processed
b. Correlated subquery. This type of subquery is processed outside in, rather than
inside out. That is, the inner query is executed for each row in the outer query,
and the inner query depends in some way on values from the current row in the
outer query.
c. Embedded SQL. The process of including hard-coded SQL statements in a
program written in another language such as C or Java
d. Procedure. A collection of procedural and SQL statements that are assigned a
unique name within the schema and stored in the database
e. Join. The most frequently used relational operation, which brings together data
from two or more related tables into one result table

f. Equi-join. A join in which the joining condition is based on equality between
values in the common columns. It produces a table of rows composed of
columns from two other tables, where common columns appear (redundantly) in
the result table.
g. Self-join. A join that requires matching rows in a table with other rows in the
same table. This is a join that joins a table with itself and often occurs with the
presence of a unary relationship in the database, such as a Supervisor or
Manager of Employees within an Employee Table.
h. Outer join. A join in which rows that do not have matching values in common
columns are nevertheless included in the result table. Outer joins return all the
values in one of the tables included in the join, regardless of whether a match
exists in the other table(s) or not.
i. Function. A stored subroutine that returns one value and has only input
parameters
j. Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM). Extensions defined in SQL:1999 that
include the capability to create and drop modules of code stored in the database
schema across user sessions
2. Match the following terms to the appropriate definitions:
e equi-join
i natural join
d outer join
j trigger
k procedure
g Embedded SQL
b UDT
f COMMIT
c SQL/PSM
h Dynamic SQL
a ROLLBACK
3. Using an outer join instead of a natural join:
Outer joins are often used in database maintenance to find rows that do not have
matching values in common columns. Null values appear in columns where there is
no match between tables. Another example would be a query that returns all
customers—whether they have placed orders in the last four months or not—along
with the date of the most recent order placed within the last four months. Customers
who have not placed an order would be returned with a null value under most recent
order.
4. Explain the processing order of a correlated subquery:
Correlated subqueries use the result of the outer query to determine the processing of
the inner query. Thus, the inner query may be somewhat different for each row
referenced in the outer query.

Chapter 7 327
5. Explain that any query that can be written using the subquery approach can also be
written using the joining approach, but not vice versa:
While SQL*PLUS allows a subquery to return more than one column, most systems
allow pairwise joining of one and only one column in an inner query with one
column in an outer query. (An exception to this is when a subquery is used with the
EXISTS keyword.) You can display data only from the table(s) referenced in the
outer query. If you want to include data from the subquery in the result, then you
would have to use the join technique because data from the subquery cannot be
included in the results. The joining technique is useful when data from several
relations are to be retrieved and displayed, and the relationships are not necessarily
nested.
6. Purpose of the COMMIT command; its relation to the notion of a business
transaction:
a. SQL transactions terminate by executing either a COMMIT or ROLLBACK
operation. COMMIT [WORK] takes the contents of the log file and applies them
to the database and then empties the log file. There is also an AUTOCOMMIT
(ON/OFF) command in many RDBMSs that specifies whether changes are made
permanent after each data modification command (ON) or only when work is
explicitly made permanent (OFF) by the COMMIT WORK command. These
commands are necessary to maintain a valid database and are transparent to the
user in most interactive SQL situations.
b. SQL transactions are logical units of work. Either all of the operations performed
in the SQL transaction will be committed, or none of the operations will be
committed to the database. An SQL transaction may be more involved than an
accounting transaction. For example, the entry of a customer order may also
trigger inventory adjustment. Executing the COMMIT command will either
make permanent changes to all relations involved in the logical unit of work, or it
will make changes to none of them.
7. Hidden triggers: They are hard to see coming until they fail to fire. They may fire
without notification. Cascading triggers and endless loop triggers are also possible.
8. Structure of a trigger: Three parts of a trigger are identified: the event, condition,
and action sections. The event defines the change about to be made, such as an
UPDATE or DELETE of a record. The condition section examines the record(s)
about to be affected. For each record that meets that condition, the action to be taken
by the trigger begins.
9. Usage of UNION clause: Use UNION when you want to combine the output from
multiple queries together. However, each query involved must output the same
number of rows, and they must be UNION-compatible.

10. Triggers vs. Stored Procedures: Both triggers and routines consist of blocks of
procedural code. Routines are stored blocks of code that must be directly called upon
to operate against the data in the database. Triggers, in contrast, are stored in the
database and run automatically whenever a specified database event occurs (e.g.,
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE or ALTER TABLE commands).
11. Persistent Stored Modules: The purpose of Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM) is
to make SQL computationally complete (database applications and so forth).
12. Advantages of SQL-invoked routines: Flexibility, efficiency, sharability,
applicability.
13. Usage of Embedded vs. Dynamic SQL:
Embedded SQL To create an application where you know exactly what the SQL
syntax is that you will need to use.
Dynamic SQL Use where you need to create SQL on the fly, identifying exact
parameter values, tables, and so forth at runtime.
14. Utility of CASE keyword: The CASE keyword would be useful in a situation where
you might want to assign categories, for example a discount level based upon sales.
In this example, one could use the CASE keyword to check the sales level and assign
a discount level, such as level 1 for sales < 1000, level 2 for sales >= 1000 and
<5000, etc.
15. Usage of derived tables: Derived tables are used to create a temporary table that is
treated as if it were an actual table. This table is not persistent in that it goes away
after the query in which it was created is run.
16. Example of derived table usage: One example of the use of a derived table would be
to find all ships that were loaded beyond capacity. In this example, a shipment’s
weight is calculated by computing the sum of the quantity order times the weight.
The query follows:
SELECT Ship.ShipNo
FROM Ship, Shipment,
(SELECT ShipmentLine.ShipmentID,
SUM(Item.Weight*ShipmentLine.Quantity) AS Tweight
FROM ShipmentLine,Item
WHERE ShipmentLine.ItemNo = Item.ItemNo
GROUP BY ShipmentID) AS ShipWt
WHERE Ship.ShipNo = Shipment.ShipNo
AND Shipment.ShipmentID = ShipWt.ShipmentID
AND Ship.Capacity < ShipWt.Tweight;
17. PL/SQL info: SQL by itself is a non-procedural language and no statement execution
sequence is implied as in recognized procedural or “programming-like” languages

Chapter 7 329
(e.g., Java, C, COBOL, etc.) Prior to the issuance of SQL:1999 standards and
capabilities, commercial products did not have a way to perform much
“programming-like” actions against database contents, so many commercial products
developed their own versions of routines that would function with SQL. PL/SQL is
Oracle’s proprietary language that implements the ability to store and run procedural
routines (e.g., function or procedure) for a database. A function returns one value
and has only input parameters. A procedure may have input parameters, output
parameters, and parameters that are both input and output parameters. PL/SQL is
Oracle’s way of extending the standard set of SQL actions that can be performed
against a database, in response to changing user needs and expanding databases.
18. Data type incompatibility and UNION operation: One possibility would be to
convert one of the data types. For example, if one data type is a character and the
other numeric, you could use a function such as Oracle’s TO_CHAR to convert the
numeric to a character. Another option is to decide which tables might be involved in
UNION operations and make sure that the data types are compatible.
19. Using Outer Join with more than two tables: The outer join is not easily
implemented for more than two tables. The results vary by RDBMS vendor and
should be thoroughly tested before implementing.
20. Data dictionary views for non-Oracle RDBMS: This is left as an exercise for
students. The textbook shows examples of different system table names between
Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server, which would be one difference in the data
dictionary facilities between vendors. Other differences that might be apparent if
students have hands-on access to both vendor DBMSs could be what system tables
the students/users have access to based on the database authorization and security
setup. Comparisons of the major DBMS vendors and their adherence to SQL
standards related to data dictionary functions are detailed as a work-in-progress at
http://troels.arvin.dk/db/rdbms (accessed 26 May 2010).

Answers to Problems and Exercises
Note to Instructor: The solutions, which include SQL statements, are not intended as the
definitive answer to the questions, but as possible solutions. Instructors and students will
approach the problems using different SQL capabilities, achieving results that are also
correct. We illustrate the SQL statements with capitalized SQL Reserve Words, and
Upper/Lower case usage for data names, to be consistent with the textbook treatment of
naming conventions. Oracle results, when shown, will display table and column names
with all Upper case letters.
Problems 1-5 are based on class scheduling relations in Figure 16.
1.
a. Display the course ID and course name for all courses with an ISM prefix:
Query:
SELECT CourseID, CourseName
FROM Course
WHERE CourseID LIKE ‘ISM%’;

Chapter 7 331
b. Display all courses for which Professor Berndt has been qualified:
Query:
SELECT Course.CourseID, CourseName
FROM Faculty, Course, Qualified
WHERE Faculty.FacultyName = ‘Berndt’
AND Faculty.FacultyID= Qualified.FacultyID
AND Course.CourseID=Qualified.CourseID;

c. Display the class roster, including student name, for all students enrolled in
section 2714 of ISM 4212:
Query:
SELECT Student.StudentID, StudentName,
Section.CourseID, Registration.SectionNo, Semester
FROM Student, Registration, Section
WHERE Section.SectionNo= Registration.SectionNo
AND Student.StudentID= Registration.StudentID
AND Registration.SectionNo=2714
ORDER BY StudentName;

Chapter 7 333
2. Which instructors are qualified to teach ISM 3113?
Query:
SELECT Faculty.FacultyName
FROM Faculty, Qualified
WHERE Qualified.FacultyID=Faculty. FacultyID
AND Qualified.CourseID=‘ISM 3113’;
3. Is any instructor qualified to teach ISM 3113 and not qualified to teach ISM
4930?
Query:
SELECT Faculty.FacultyID, Faculty.FacultyName
WHERE Qualified.FacultyID=Faculty.FacultyID
AND Qualified.CourseID=‘ISM 3113’
MINUS
SELECT Faculty.FacultyID, Faculty.FacultyName
WHERE Qualified.FacultyID=Faculty.FacultyID
AND Qualified.CourseID=‘ISM 4930’

Chapter 7 335
4.
a. How many students are enrolled in section 2714 during semester I-2008?
Query:
SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT (StudentID))
FROM Registration
WHERE SectionID = 2714
AND Semester = ‘I-2008’;

Other documents randomly have
different content

began to creak and groan louder than ever, until at last Irvin and his
fellows in distress felt that it was going the next minute, and if they
did not get out then they never would.

EIGHT CHILDREN THROWN OUT OF
WINDOW.
So, having no time for a second thought, he picked up one of
those eight children, whose life was part of his and who made his life
worth living, and with a prayer tossed him out of the window, to
alight on what he did not know, if to alight on anything. But he
thought, and wisely, as circumstances proved, that they would have a
better chance in the open than in a falling house. He risked their
falling into that turbulent sea and sinking, never to come up, to
leaving them in the building to be maimed by flying timbers and
killed by the falling house.
Thus he threw out all of the eight, then came his wife, then the
others who had come to him for refuge. He did not know what the
fate of each of the former was when he threw out another, but trusted
to Divine Providence, and not in vain. For as he threw the first out a
shed in the rear of the house, as if with heroic instinct, washed
against the building directly under the window, and there it stayed
for a few seconds, catching each member of the family as he or she
fell, even waiting for him.
The rest of Irvin’s story is that of a continual fight to keep his
family from being blown and washed off of the raft that Providence
had given him. This fight lasted for hours and their perilous position
was made even greater by the flying timbers and pieces of slate which
the wind would seem to take such delight in hurling at them. It was a
battle between providence and the elements to see which should
claim the family for its own, and not until nearly three o’clock did the
wind and water cease in their efforts to add the Irvin family to their
long list of victims. The elements were recompensed by taking one of
the eight children and injuring the wife so that she would later
become one of their dead.
At about three o’clock the next morning Irvin found himself and
family, except the little one who had been lost, several blocks from
where he had formerly lived, and mixed up in the debris. At daylight

he succeeded in getting his wife and children out and brought them
to the business part of the town.

THE MOST REMARKABLE EXPERIENCE.
As soon as possible he sent the children to relatives in Houston.
In the meantime his wife had been taken to the Sealy hospital
suffering from the injuries she had received during the storm. At this
time he realized that he was hurt also and went to the temporary
hospital at the Custom House, where he stayed for several days
under treatment. It was while he was there that the last sad chapter
was added to his story. While there confined to his bed, his wife died
in the Sealy hospital, and he had to lie at the Custom House without
getting a last look at the woman whom he loved, while strangers were
burying her body. Of his neighbors who took refuge with him all were
saved except the little daughter of Mr. Crowley.

T
IMPRISONED BY THE STORM.
Thrilling Experience of Colonel Anderson, the
Fort Point Lighthouse Keeper and His Wife—
In the Face of Death the Light Was Put Up—
Isolated for Days in the Wrecked House
Without Supplies.
he government reservation of several hundred acres situated at
the extreme eastern end of Galveston island met the full force of
the storm of September 8th. Unprotected from any side the
destructive hurricane and relentless gulf swept the historic spot and
the massive concrete fortifications crumbled like so much papier
mache. The substantial, double iron-braced barrack buildings and
quarters were battered into kindling wood and not a stick stands to
mark the place where thirteen buildings stood. Situated within the
United States government reservation were the quarantine officers’
home and headquarters; the torpedo casemate, torpedo cable-tank,
torpedo warehouse, engineers’ store rooms and wharf leading to the
cable tank and casemate.
These structures were located on the bay shore in the
northwestern corner of the immense reservation. Following the jetty
as it extended eastward and curved to the south were the United
States life saving station and the Fort Point light house, each about
two hundred yards apart. At the northeastern point of the island are
the two rapid-fire batteries pointing over the jetty and commanding
the channel in the bay between the two jetties. Around on the eastern
and southeastern edge of the point are the 10–inch rifle battery and
the 12–inch mortar battery, about 500 yards apart. In the centre of
the reservation were grouped the barrack buildings. These buildings

were built about eighteen months ago and afforded accommodations
for a one-battery post.
The government was raising this reservation by filling in the site
about ten feet above mean low tide. The quarters had not been
occupied, having been built on piling, high in the air, to allow for the
filling which was being distributed in the shape of sand pumped from
the bay by the government dredge boat. The detail of twelve men
from battery O which cared for the batteries at Fort San Jacinto,
which was the new name given to the historic “Fort Point” of early
Texas days, occupied quarters in temporary structures erected in the
rear of the 10–inch battery.
Before the storm Fort San Jacinto was a most inviting and
attractive place. The immense reservation east of the fence, which
marked the western boundary, extending across the island from bay
to gulf, was a most picturesque section of the island. When the storm
had finished its merciless onslaught, Fort San Jacinto and its
government structures presented a picture of terrible ruin. The costly
coast fortifications, which had been constructed to withstand the
attacking powers of the navies of the world, were silenced and
rendered helpless by the combined batteries of the wind and sea.
The life saving station, where Captain Edward Haines and nine
of his brave comrades stood ready to render succor to the storm-
driven wretches, was picked up with its load of boats, beach
apparatus and other life saving paraphernalia and crushed like a
match box. Only four or five of the long pilings mark the site of the
station house. Mrs. Haines, wife of Captain Haines, and one of the
crew met their death at the station when the building collapsed.

WATERS OF BAY AND GULF MEET.
The south jetty, which marked the northern and eastern
boundaries of the reservation, pointed its long line of rail-capped
rocks five feet above the tide before the storm. But when the
northeast gale backed the waters of the bay against the stone wall
and the storm swelled the bay out of its banks, the water rose above
the jetty and swept like a millrace to meet the waters of the gulf,
which came running in from the southeast. This was early in the
afternoon, and as the hurricane increased in velocity and the gulf
roared out its warning, the terrible work of destruction commenced.
The reservation was inundated and the force of the mighty waters
quickly dug channels beneath the fortifications.
Then the wind and gulf joined forces and the great coast
defenses succumbed to the attack and were washed from their
foundations and half buried in the grave dug by the waters of the
gulf. The immense concrete and rock structures toppled like toy
houses as the greedy waters plowed channel after channel in the
quicksand upon which the batteries stood. With the wooden
structures, the barracks and warehouses, the wind made quick work,
and the wreckage was shot through the rapids and carried to sea.
As the waters on their reservation rose higher and higher and
the fortifications sank from view the lighthouse stood alone in the
high sea which made the gulf and bay one. In this structure two
human souls watched the storm gods at work and waited for their
time. There was no hope of escape. The steel bridge leading from the
top of the jetty to the lighthouse had been twisted by the wind and
carried away; the lifeboat which hung from davits beneath the house
had been snatched from its position and smashed against the iron
supports, and the water carried off the splintered remnants.
Night came and the lamp in the tower, as though defying the
hellish work of the raging elements, cast its mellow rays of light upon
the scene of devastation and death which Night had just covered with
its mantle. That human hands should dare to illuminate the
appalling scene of tragedy must have enraged the murderous

elements, and the storm batteries were turned on the tower. For an
hour or more the attack continued with increasing vengeful power,
and then—the light went out. Satisfied, perhaps, that the last
defender of the reservation had been silenced the warring elements
abandoned their fierce attack and entered the city to finish their
destruction.
With the dawning of day an aged couple, who had faced many
dangers in life’s stormy sea together, came out on the gallery of the
lighthouse and, standing arm in arm, viewed the funeral procession
in the bay. They had survived the night, and while they stood there
high above the water in silent thanksgiving for their safe deliverance,
they saw the ebbing tide carrying its dead to sea. Out through the
jetties the long cortege moved swiftly, with the angel of death
piloting the craft of human corpses.

RISES TO A HEIGHT OF SIXTY FEET.
Fort Point lighthouse is situated two miles from the city. It is a
six-sided iron structure rising above the water to a height of about
sixty feet. It stands about 300 feet south of the jetty, and the water
up to the time of the storm was never over two feet in depth around
the house. At times it was dry, but usually only a few inches of water
played around the iron screw piles, which were screwed into the sand
about eighteen feet, and upon which the iron superstructure is
supported. The metal framework supporting the lighthouse proper
and the light tower rises about thirty-five feet from the base.
Then comes the living apartments of the keeper, Colonel C. A.
Anderson, and his wife. On top is the light tower, a six-sided glass
house, with iron framework. A gallery encircles the living
apartments, and another the light tower. About ten feet beneath the
living apartments and about twenty-five feet above the base a
wooden platform served the dual purpose of basement and back yard
to the isolated habitation. On this platform two large tanks furnished
fresh water for the household, a shed held the wood supply and
another shed was used as a storehouse for a several months’ supply
of kerosene oil for the light.
From the jetty a steel bridge led to the lighthouse, and from the
bridge a stairway extended to the basement and living apartments. In
the rear an iron ladder leading from the gallery of the keeper’s home
communicated with the “back yard” and basement, and also with the
boat house and a platform extending from the rear of the structure to
the bridge in front.
When the wind had subsided and the sea receded the naked
metal frame supporting the house was all that was left of the lower
structure. Wrapped around the iron pillars and braces were steel
railroad tracks, which the wind and sea had wrenched from the jetty
railroad and twisted around the lighthouse supports. The bridge had
fallen an easy victim to the storm, and the water supply, wood, oil,
lifeboat and stairway were torn from their fastenings and carried to
sea. The jetty, with its huge rocks, weighing tons, had suffered many

a breach, and a large opening was in front of the lighthouse. Through
this break the waters of the gulf and bay rushed like a mill race, and a
new channel connecting the bay and gulf was cut in a night. The
isolation of the lighthouse was most complete.

STORM HOWLS A DEATH WARNING.
Colonel Anderson is seventy-three years of age and his wife
some years his junior. No human mind can picture their experiences
on that night of nights. Words are inadequate to convey an idea of
the feelings of this devoted couple while the storm cried out its death
warning and these two mortals prepared for the end which they were
so sure was at hand. To attempt to leave the home would have been
madness itself, but this thought was not for a moment entertained.
The colonel would never desert his post, and his consort was happy
to be near that they may both go to their death together.
Four rooms and a bath room comprised the home of the keeper,
and the many friends of the family speak of the place as “Mamma
Anderson’s doll house.” Not because the apartments are small, for
they are comparatively good sized rooms, but because they were the
cosiest and prettiest furnished rooms to be found, perhaps, on the
whole island. Every nook and corner reflected the exquisite
handiwork of the dear housewife who made this home an emporium
of fancy needle work, embroidery, dainty laces and other rich and
beautiful decorations and ornaments in which she justly took great
pride.
The affectionate couple addressed each other in the endearing
terms of “Mama” and “Papa,” and their home far beyond the city is
truly “home, sweet home.”
Early in the afternoon of the storm Captain Haines and his brave
crew from the life saving station manned the life boat and started to
go to the lighthouse to bring the keeper and his wife to town. But
even at that early hour no boat could live in the gale and raging sea
that was threatening the destruction of the whole island. The wall of
rock, called the jetty, would not permit any boat approaching within
several hundred feet of the sharp-pointed line of stone extending five
miles to sea. But, as Mrs. Anderson said in relating the incident to a
News reporter who visited the stricken home two weeks after the
storm: “It was a noble act for Captain Haines to attempt to rescue us,
but it would have resulted in a useless risk, because Papa would not

have left the lighthouse while it stood and I would never leave
without him.”

PREPARED FOR THE WORST.
Two hours after Captain Haines’ attempt, the life saving station
collapsed and Mrs. Haines, the nearest neighbor of the lighthouse
keeper’s family, and one of the crew were killed. As the shades of
night began to fall the destruction in and about the Point was about
complete, and the keeper of the light and his faithful companion
withdrew to prepare themselves for the worst. From the sleeping
room of Colonel Anderson a stairway, winding around a steel post,
which extends from the top of the light tower through the center of
the entire structure, and fastened to a screw pile in the sand bed,
leads to the light tower.
Promptly at the usual hour the keeper who, for five years, has
watched and cared for the light, made his way to the tower with his
brass kerosene lamp, and placed it within the strong, magnifying
circular lens. The linen curtains which shade the glass enclosure
during the day were drawn aside and the bright light shed its rays out
into the gloom, and storm-tossed vessels in port were able to get
their bearings.
The water rose higher and higher and the storm waves sent their
spray over the top of the tower. The hurricane increased in violence
and the slate from the roof of the keeper’s home was picked off piece
by piece by the wind. An hour passed, and the keeper had made
frequent journeys to the tower to see that the light was burning. He
went up again, but had hardly reached the landing through the small
opening in the floor, when one of the large panes of thick glass on the
northeast side was smashed by flying slate. The light was
extinguished and a piece of glass struck the aged keeper in the head
and face. The opening in the lens faced the broken window pane and
it was useless to relight the lamp. Stunned by the blow, and bleeding
from the wounds in his head and face, the old man made his way
down the stairs where his wife waited and watched for his return.
“Mama” quickly dressed the wounds, and then the aged couple went
into the parlor and in silence waited for the end.

Above the howling tempest the agonizing grinding of the jetty
railroad iron on the metal supports of the lighthouse struck terror to
the hearts of the anxious watchers imprisoned above. The slate roof
suffered severely and the rain pouring in from above added to the
pitiful experience of the night.

IN DANGER OF STARVATION.
This is just the plain story of what happened on that fateful
night, but the sufferings of the next few days were even greater to the
keeper and his wife. There were no provisions in the house and the
supply of vegetables, fuel and fresh water in the “basement” had been
washed away. The water around the house even after the tide went
out was over ten feet deep. The life boat had been stolen by the
storm, and not even a plank to serve as a raft was to be found on the
premises. Having weathered the terrible storm they were apparently
left to starve to death. The shipping in the harbor had suffered and
no boats were to be seen in the channel. The flag of distress hoisted
on the gallery was not responded to, and no small boat could enter
through the breach in the jetty; it was too dangerous. Alone and
forgotten. Who thought of the lighthouse and the two mortals
imprisoned there by the storm and isolated by fate?
Three days passed and the scant supply of three or four cans of
soup and fruit had long since been exhausted. On the third day a
voice was heard calling from below and Mrs. Anderson recognized
her son, C. D. Anderson, Jr., a boy of 16 years, swimming in the
water from the jetty to the lighthouse. He had for three days been
trying to get to his father and mother, having been up the bay with a
surveying party when the storm struck the island. Dr. Mayfield, the
quarantine officer, had brought him in his boat from town.
Young Anderson was fearful of the fate of his parents and he
made his way to them as soon as possible. In a small bundle which he
managed to save while he swam the stream, he carried some
nourishment, but he had not contemplated that he would find his
mother and father suffering for food and water. The boy returned to
town and notified the authorities to send food and fresh water to the
water-bound keeper and his wife, but the request was not complied
with. The city was weighted with sorrow and every man was
burdened with grave responsibilities. No boats were running out in
that direction.

Ten days wore away and the situation had become critical with
the noble keeper and his wife when the Arbutus, the lighthouse
tender, came into port, and passing the light house saw the signal of
distress flying from the prison-home. That day a supply of food and
two small casks of tainted water were delivered at the light house. It
was not the food that the family was accustomed to—it was simply
hard tack and salt meat, which is supplied as rations to the crews of
vessels. The government does not furnish supplies to its light house
keepers, and Colonel Anderson’s home always boasted of the goodies
served at meal time at his own expense.

THE COLONEL A NOTED CHARACTER.
Two weeks after the storm the situation had been somewhat
improved, but the fresh water supply had been exhausted and when a
News reporter visited the home Colonel Anderson and his wife were
praying for rain that they might catch a supply of heaven’s dew in a
tub which had been placed under the spout from the roof. The light
house tender Arbutus had sent a man who repaired the damaged
light tower, but the aged couple were left to their own resources to
get water and food. The reporter, who had been able to reach the
light house through the kindness of Assistant Engineer Wilcox of the
United States engineering office, brought back to town another
communication asking that food and water be sent out to the light
house.
Colonel C. D. Anderson is quite a noted character and is well
known as a man who figured conspicuously and gallantly in the civil
war, and also in public office since the war. He is a native of South
Carolina, a graduate of West Point and held a commission in the
United States army before the civil war. He received his appointment
as second lieutenant in the Fourth artillery from Texas on June 26,
1856, was made first lieutenant July 6, 1859, and on April 1, 1861,
resigned his commission and came south to join the army of the
confederacy. He was appointed to a captaincy and distinguished
himself and rose rapidly to the rank of Colonel and was given
command of the Twenty-first Alabama infantry.
He was in command of Fort Gaines and his gallant defense of
that fort won the admiration of Admiral Farragut, who returned
Colonel Anderson’s sword which was delivered to the admiral at the
surrender of the fort. Colonel Anderson has the sword in his
possession and prides it as a gift from his friends when he came
south and joined the confederate army. The blade of the sword bears
the following inscription which Admiral Farragut had engraved on
the weapon before its return to its owner:
“Returned to Colonel C. D. Anderson by Admiral Farragut for
his gallant defense of Fort Gaines, April 8, 1864.”

The sword was carried by Colonel Anderson in the battle of
Shiloh and through many other battles and historical occurrences in
the long struggle between the north and the south.
After the war the colonel, who is a civil engineer of note, held
several prominent positions under the government in river and
harbor engineering, and finally came to Texas where he has resided
for many years. He engaged in railroad construction and built many
miles of Texas roads. He served two terms as city engineer of Austin
and then came to Galveston. The new custom house in this city
stands as a monument to the engineering skill of the aged keeper of
Fort Point lighthouse, whose life history reads like a romance. Mrs.
Anderson comes from a family closely associated with the history of
this country, and the department of justice building in Washington
was her father’s home and the house where Colonel Anderson, then a
gallant young army officer, claimed her as his bride.

T
NAMES OF THE VICTIMS
OF THE GREAT
GALVESTON HORROR.
he Galveston Daily News printed the following list of those
known to have perished in the hurricane. The names given
below make a total of nearly 5000.
Ackermann, Herman, wife and daughter.
Ackerman, Chas.
Adams, Mrs. Mary (colored).
Adams, Miss Katie May, daughter of H. B. Adams of Malvern, Ark.
Adams, Bennie and Jesse.
Adams, Mr. and Mrs. Toby (colored).
Adameit, Mrs. Gotleib and seven children.
Adascheck, Mrs. Powell and four children, 2810 R.
Agin, George and child.
Aguilo, Joe B. and three children.
Ahy, Mrs. John and three children.
Akers, C. B., wife and three children.
Albano, Mrs. and two children, Tony and Mary.
Alberto, F. L., longshoreman.
Albertson, M., wife and daughter.
Albertson, Emile.

Anderson, Henry.
Albertson, A., wife and two children.
Alexander, Annie and Christian, children of Thomas.
Allardyce, Mrs. R. L., and three children.
Allen, W. T., wife, daughter and one son.
Allen, E. B., and wife.
Allen, Mrs. Kate.
Allen, Mrs. Alex, and five children (colored).
Allen, Wm., wife and three children, Fifty-eighth and Q ½.
Allen, Mr. and Mrs. E.
Allerson, Edward, shoemaker, Twenty-seventh and Q ½.
Allison, S. B., wife and six children, Thirty-fifth and S ½.
Almeras, Mrs. P., visiting Oliver Udell down the island.
Almos, Mrs. P.
Alphonse, John, wife and family, with one exception, Forty-fourth
and S.
Alpin, George and wife (colored).
Ammundsen, Emil, wife and child, Lucas Terrace.
Anderson, J. W., wife and three children.
Anderson, L., and wife, Seventeenth and O.
Anderson, H. E.
Anderson, Mrs. Dora and child Louise, wife of C. J. Anderson, 901
Broadway.
Anderson, Ella, daughter of John Anderson, between Thirty-sixth
and Thirty-seventh on Postoffice; lost down the island.
Anderson, Ned, wife and two children.
Anderson, Ella, Heard’s Lane, shell road.
Anderson, L. (shoemaker) and wife.

Anderson, Oscar wife and child.
Anderson, A. G., wife and children.
Anderson, Amanda (colored.)
Anderson, Mrs. Sam (colored.)
Anderson, C., Anderson ways. Bay Shore.
Anderson, Andrew, wife and two children.
Anderson, Nick, and sons Henry and John.
Anderson, Mrs. Carl and four children, stockyards.
Anderson, Nels., shipbuilder, Galveston island.
Anderson, Edward, longshoreman.
Andrew, Mrs. A. and family.
Andrews, Mrs. A. and three children.
Andrews, Mrs., on the Hisser place, Bay Shore.
Andro, Mrs. and three children.
Angily, Mrs. P.
Anizan, Mrs. Frank and two children, Lamarque, Tex.
Antonovich, John and Pinkie, 3808 P ½.
Antonovich, Eddie.
Aplin, George and wife.
Appel, Fritz and son.
Applin, Mrs. Lucy and four children (colored), L and Eleventh.
Ardisson, Mrs. J. and eight children.
Armitage, Miss Vivian.
Armour, Mrs. and five children.
Armstrong, Mrs. Dora, wife of C. F., and four children.
Artisan, John, wife and nine children, of Thirty-ninth and S ½.
Ashe, George, Jr.

Ashley, Mr. and Mrs. F. C.
Astheimer, Betty, Henrietta, Philip and Frank.
Atanasso.
Augustine, Pasquil and wife.
Aull, Nicholas and family of eight.
Aull, George and family of five.
Aull, Joseph and family of four.
Aull, Mary, wife of Joseph Aull.
Azteana, Captain Sylvester de.
Badger, Otto, N., between Thirteenth and Fourteenth.
Bailey, George, wife and three children.
Baker, Miss Florence (colored).
Baker, Mrs. and three children (colored), 2828 avenue P.
Baldwin, Miss Sallie (colored).
Balliman, Gussie, 3602 Q½.
Balliman, Irene, 3602 Q½.
Balliman, John, 3602 Q½.
Balzman, Mrs.
Bammell, Mrs.
Bandus, Mr. and family, down the island.
Bankers, Mrs. Charles.
Barden, Mr. and Mrs. J. F.
Barnard, Mrs. Mary A., 2113 Thirty-third street.
Barnes, Mrs. Louise M., widow of William Barnes, 2003 Tremont
street.
Barnesfki, family of eight, down the island.

Barry, Mrs. James and six children, K between Forty-second and
Forty-third.
Barry, wife and six children, Forty-third and K.
Bass, John, wife and four children (colored).
Batchelor, Frank, wife and four children, Bennie, Roy, Lawrence
and Harris; lived at Forty-first and S½.
Batja, Otto, Fifteenth and M.
Batteste, Horace, aged 50, Lucas Terrace.
Baurlot, V. C. and wife.
Bausens, wife of C. J.
Bautch, William, wife and two children.
Baxter, Mrs. and child.
Beall, Mrs. Dudley and child.
Beaudoin, Mrs. and two children, Twenty-eighth and P.
Becker, Mr. and Mrs. John F., and two children.
Bedford, fisherman (colored).
Beekman, Martha Louise, daughter of Ed. Q., 1906 Twenty-first
street.
Belcher, three children of Mrs. Marguerite.
Bell, Eugenia, Alex. C., Beulah and Guy, 18th and Q.
Bell, George.
Bell, Clarence.
Bell, Henry (colored).
Bell, Mrs. Mattie, on country road.
Bellew, Mr. and Mrs. J. F., and daughter.
Benn, Mrs. Annie and two daughters.
Bernardoni, John, Eighth and L.
Benson, Mrs. Amanda (colored).

Benson, Miss Delphia (colored).
Benson, Mrs., Seventeenth and O½.
Benson, Andrew, longshoreman.
Bernard, Mrs. ——.
Berger, W. L., wife and child.
Berger, Theo., wife and child.
Bergman, Mrs. R. J. and little daughter.
Betts, Walter.
Betts, Mrs. Mattie, lost at Giozza residence.
Beyer, Mrs. Lincey, 1109 Broadway.
Beveridge, Mrs. J. L. and two children.
Bierman, Frederick, S and Forty-third.
Billigman, Mrs. Lizzette, found on 13th and Broadway; resided on
M and 13th.
Birge, ——, and wife.
Bird, Mrs., and child.
Bird, Mrs. Joseph and five children.
Blackson, baby of William.
Blake, child of F. W., British vice consul, 3206 avenue Q.
Bland, Florence (colored).
Bland, Mrs., and seven children (colored).
Block, son of Charles.
Blum, Mrs. J., Twenty-second and P.
Blum, Isaac, Sarah and Jennie.
Blum, Mrs. Sylvania.
Boatwright, Mrs.
Boddeker, Austin, son of Will Boddeker; drowned at Arcadia.

Boddeker, Charles.
Boedecker, H. C., wife and two children.
Boedecker, H., father, brother and sister. Thirty-seventh and Q½.
Boening, William, wife and three children, milkman, down the
island.
Bogel, Mrs. H., and children Florence, Marguerite and Alma, Fifty-
second and P½.
Bohn, Dixie.
Bonner, Mrs., avenue S, between Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh.
Borden, Mr. and Mrs. J. F.
Bornkessel, T. C., of United States weather bureau, and wife.
Boske, Mrs. Charles, and two sons.
Boss, Charles and Detleff.
Boss, Fred. (colored).
Boston, Mrs. Clara (colored), Eleventh and M.
Botsford, Edwin and wife, Kinskead addition.
Bowe, Mrs. John and four children.
Bowen, Chas. K., of Half Moon lighthouse.
Bowen, Captain Chas. K., daughter and grandchild, of North
Galveston, visiting at Thirty-eighth and S.
Bowie, Mrs. John, and two children.
Boyd, Andy, wife and four children, Buelah, Bessie, George and
Mabel, Nineteenth and P.
Bradfield, Tom and wife, down the island.
Bradfoot, and wife, seven miles down the island.
Bradly, Miss Nannie.
Bradly, Miss Ethel.
Brady, —— and wife, Twenty-eighth and P ½.

Branch, Allen (colored), Mrs. Eva.
Branch, Miss Pearl G. (colored), Forty-fourth and S ½.
Brandes, Fritz, wife and four children, milkman, down the island.
Brandon, Lottie, Lamarque, Tex.
Bray, Mary, niece of Alex. Coddou.
Brentley family.
Briscoll, A., (milkman) and family.
Britton, James (colored), Lamarque, Tex.
Brockelman, C. J.
Brockelman, three children of J. T.
Brocker, Joe and family.
Brooks, J. T.
Brown, Wm., Forty-third and R.
Brown, Adolph, wife and two children, S and Forty-third.
Brown, Mrs. Gus (colored), son and two grandchildren, down the
island.
Brown, Gus (colored), down the island.
Brown, Joseph and family.
Brozis, M. G., wife and child, Thirty-seventh and S.
Brunner, Albert, longshoreman.
Bryan, Mrs. L. W., and daughter Alice, of South McAlester, I. T., at
H. C. Ripley’s house.
Buckley, Selma and Blanche, and their mother and father.
Buckley, Mrs. S. and daughter.
Bupen, Marco, wife and five children, down the island.
Burge, Wm., wife and child, postmaster Heard’s postoffice.
Burge, S. W., wife and two children, Twenty-fourth and Beach.

Burgess, Mrs. and child.
Burgoyne, Francis, Mrs., Twenty-eighth, between Q and Q ½.
Burgoyne, Dugle, Twenty-eighth, between Q and Q ½.
Burke, J. G., Thirty-seventh and Q.
Burke, Jessie K., Mrs., Thirty-seventh and Q.
Burnett, baby of Mrs. Annie Burnett.
Burnett, Mrs. George and child.
Burns, Mrs. M. E. and child, Mary E.
Burns, Mrs.
Burns, Mrs. P., and daughter, Mary, Kinkead addition.
Burnett, Mrs. Mary, P ½ and Twenty-fourth.
Burnett, Mrs. Gary, and two children.
Burrell, Elvie, and two children, (colored).
Burrell, Mrs. Gete, (colored).
Burrows, Mrs.
Burwell, T. M., 1423 L.
Buscher, F. and wife.
Bush, Charles, wife and three children.
Bush, Hisom.
Bush, Mr. Charles and daughter, Mrs. Bettie B. Sawyer, all colored,
Fifty-sixth street, between Church and Winnie, across the mud
bridge.
Butler, Captain Green, Thirty-third and Q.
Butterfield, John.
Butts, C. H., lost from barge.
Byman, Mr. and Mrs. Geo., and daughter, Mary, Forty-fourth and S
½.
Byrd, Mrs. J. C. and child.

Byrnes, ——, wife and sister.
Cain, Rev. and Mrs. Thomas W. (colored).
Calhoun, Mrs. Thomas and three children.
Calvert, George, wife, son and daughter, Thirty-second and Q ½.
Campbell, Miss Edna, Thirty-ninth and T ½.
Capers, ——, and wife; lived at southeast corner of Forty-second and
S.
Capps, Chas. C., wife and six children.
Caroline, Alice, Elizabeth and one son, Edmund, two
grandchildren.
Carou, Mrs. Jenne.
Caribaldi, August and family, Sydnor’s bayou.
Carlson, Charles, wife and boy, bay bridge.
Carren, Mrs. Eugenie Souhet, washerwoman at the Home for the
homeless.
Carson, Frank C. and wife.
Carter, Betsy (colored), and daughter Sophia.
Carter, Miss Sophie.
Carter, Corrine and family.
Carter, Adeline.
Carter, Alf, and seven children, colored, down the island.
Casley, Sanders (colored), wife Samantha and children Samantha
and Walter, Twenty-ninth and P ½.
Casey, Mrs. Amelia.
Cazenave, Jean (milkman).
Chaffey, Mrs. and son.
Chambers, Ada D., wife of J. F. Chambers, Fifty-seventh and M ½.
Cheek, Mrs. Mary, and one child.

Chenivere, Mrs., shell road.
Chester, Frank, Ellen and Mary (colored).
Chouke, Mrs. Chris and daughter, Annie, down the island.
Childs, Wm. and wife.
Childs, J. T.
Chrestin, Paul and wife, Thirty-ninth and Q.
Christian, John (night engineer water works) and wife.
Christianson, Miss Annie, of Shreveport who was visiting Geo.
Dorian.
Clancy, Pat., wife and five children, down the island.
Clancy, Pat (screwman), wife and three children.
Clark, Billy, Twenty-sixth and P.
Clark, Cy (colored).
Clark, Thomas.
Clark, Mrs. C. T., and child.
Claude, Joe and daughter, Emily.
Clausen, Katie.
Clear, William E., Twenty-sixth and P.
Cleary, Mrs. Leon and one child, Virginia Point.
Cleveland, George, wife and children, Ruth, Roy and Senreta,
Twenty-seventh and Q.
Cline, wife of Dr. I. M.
Close, J. N., of Chambersville, Tex.
Cobbe, Archie, wife and two children (milkman), five miles down
the island.
Coates, Mrs. Wm. A.
Cobbe, Mrs. Thomas A., and two daughters, down the island.
Coddou, Alex, and three children, Claude, Edward and Drouet.

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