Modifiable Risk Factors of Lifestyle Diseases
- 1. Smoking Poor Dietary Habits Sedentary Lifestyle Modifiable Risk Factors of Lifestyle Diseases
- 2. Poor Dietary Habits Dietary Habits - Are the usual choices of food that people make. Diet affects health condition. For a person to grow and develop, he/she needs a healthy and balanced diet that provides energy for everyday activities. Having a healthy and balanced diet early reduces the chance of developing diseases like cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes in the future.
- 3. Poor dietary habits defined Poor dietary habits occur when the person does not follow the principle of good nutrition – adequacy, balance and variety. Adequacy refers to moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain normal body function. Balance refers to correct combination of nutrients, and variety refers to consumption of different types of food product. Poor dietary habit is about not eating enough healthy food. Underconsumption and overconsumption of unhealthy food and drinks and intake of low – fiber, high – fat, high – salt, and high – sugar are all part of poor dietary habits that affect the amount of essential nutrients in the body
- 4. Poor Dietary habits add up the risk of developing diseases and health problems such as: Obesity Tooth decay High blood pressure Heart disease and stroke Type – 2 diabetes Osteoporosis Certain types of cancer Depression Eating disorder
- 5. Sedentary Lifestyle Sedentary lifestyle occurs when an individual lacks the recommended level of regular physical activity or physical inactivity. Physical inactivity is the leading risk factor of death worldwide. According to WHO, 60 – 80% of the world’s population does not have enough physical activity. In the Philippines, the 7th National Nutrition Survey in 2008 reveals that 9 out of 10 Filipinos do not
- 7. What does lack of physical activity causes you? Increase risk of certain cancer Contribute to anxiety and depression Risk factor to certain cardiovascular diseases Increase risk of having a coronary heart disease and obesity Decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to excessive sitting High blood pressure and increased cholesterol levels
- 8. Disease associated with unhealthy lifestyle 1. Cardiovascular Disease Arteriosclerosis – a condition causing the arteries to harden and thicken Atherosclerosis – type of arteriosclerosis where deposited fat hardens and becomes plaque on arterial walls. Coronary Heart Disease – coronary arteries (pathway of blood to the heart muscles) are narrowed or blocked Heart Attack – cardiac muscle failure due to lack of blood flow to the heart. Signs include painful pressure in the center of the chest spreading to
- 9. Angina Pectoris – chest pain from narrowed coronary arteries due to inadequate oxygen for the heart. Rheumatic fever – the immune system attacks the heart and can cause fever, weakness and damage to its valves. Arrythmia – irregular heart rhythm brought about by faulty electrical conduction system that is worsened by uncontrolled stress levels and high caffeine intake. Congestive Heart Failure – the heart is not able or below its normal capacity to pump blood, causing liquid to accumulate in the lungs and other areas of the body.
- 10. 2. Cancer – a disease where cells divide in an uncontrolled pace. These cells can form a tumor, which can be identified benign or malignant through a biopsy procedure - Cancer is not contagious or caused by injuries or accidents. One of the risk factor associated with cancer is unhealthy lifestyle. The most common type of cancer in terms of incidence is breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer.
- 11. Malignant vs. Benign Malignant is cancerous. The tumor can spread to invade and destroy nearby tissues and body parts. This process is called metastasis Benign is not cancerous. Benign tumors may increase in size but do not invade other body parts. It is typically harmless unless it obstructs normal tissues or organs
- 13. Four Major Categories of CANCER Carcinoma – the most common; an invasive malignant tumor from epithelial tissue that tends to spread to other body parts. Cancers of the skin, breast, uterus, prostate, lung, stomach, colon, and rectum are examples of carcinoma
- 15. Four Major Categories of CANCER Sarcoma – a connective or supportive cancer, which include muscle, bone, fat, blood vessels, and cartilage cancers. Lymphoma – arises in cells of the lymphatic or the immune system tissues characterized by abnormal production of white cells and decreases in resistance. Leukemia – the cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal production of blood cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.
- 19. 3. Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus - Disease resulting from a condition of the body wherein the body is not able to produce of effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas, which regulates the utilization of glucose. The presence of insulin instruct the cell to uptake glucose that is in the blood. Low insulin production can impair glucose uptake, which elevates glucose level in the blood.
- 20. Types of DIABETES Type 1 Diabetes is insulin reliant diabetes because the body produce little or no insulin at all. The immune system destroys the cells producing insulin, which causes the build up sugar in the blood and loss of sugar in the urine. Its symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, continuous hunger, weight loss blurred vision, and tiredness. This type of diabetes relies on daily insulin injections and follows a special
- 21. Types of DIABETES Type 2 Diabetes is non – insulin dependent. This occurs when the body produces insulin but it cannot be used by the cells. This type of diabetes is manageable through oral medication and a lifestyle based on diet and exercise programs. Symptoms are usually not very obvious and may go undetected for many years.
- 22. Types of DIABETES Gestational Diabetes occurs in certain pregnant individuals. The hormones cause the body not to respond to the insulin produced by the body. This is not harmful to the baby and can be treated only wit proper diet. Gestational diabetes usually regresses after childbirth but has higher chances of developing into Type 2 diabetes.
- 23. 4. Chronic Respiratory disease - Commonly called obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); - Occurs in the air paths and other parts of the lungs. Symptoms include breathlessness, chronic cough, and excessive mucus production. COPD can be life – threatening and may lead to death if not detected and cured early. Major risk of COPD include: Tobacco smoking Indoor air pollution Outdoor air pollution Occupational dust and chemicals like vapors,
- 24. Ways to prevent lifestyle diseases Eat healthy food Do daily routines of physical activity Do not smoke Drink moderate amounts of alcohol only Manage stress
- 25. ACTIVITY 1. What does the picture on the right imply? (Write your answer on a ¼ sheet of paper)