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Module-1-LITHOSPHERE1 layers of the earth11111.pptx
- 1.
- 3. The Earth ismade up of 3 main layers: Crust Mantle Core
- 4. Think of thelayers of the Earth like the layers of an egg. Shell crust White matle yolk core
- 5. Use the Layersof the Earth Foldable to take notes
- 6. Crust Ocean Land Oceanic CrustContinental Crust
- 7. The Earth’s crustis like the skin of an apple.
- 8. Crust Thinnest layerof the Earth Made up of large amounts of silicon and aluminum Composed of plates on which the continents and oceans rest. These “ride” over molten mantle. Crust is part of the lithosphere. Two types of Crust: Oceanic and Continental Ocean Land Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Continental Crust
- 9. Continental vs. OceanicCrust Categor y Continental Oceanic Rock Type Granite Basalt Thickness 5 – 70km (Thicker) 3 – 8 km (Thinner) State Solid Solid Crust Age 4 billion years old or Older 180 million years old or Younger Density Less Dense More Dense Element Oxygen, Sodium, Iron,
- 10. TheLithosphere The crust andthe upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere.
- 11. The lithosphere (crustand upper mantle) is divided into separate plates which move very slowly in response to the “convecting” part of the mantle.
- 12. The Lithospheric Plates Thecrust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi-rigid asthenosphere.
- 13. Mantl e Upper Mantle LowerMantle Middle Mantle Convection Currents
- 14. The Mantle The Mantleis the largest layer of the Earth at 2900 km thick. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the middle mantle (asthenosphere) is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move.
- 15. The Asthenosphere The asthenosphere isthe semi-rigid part of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight.
- 16. Asthenosphere The asthenosphere (“weaksphere”) is a soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move. It is made of solid rock that, like putty, flows slowly- at about the same rate your fingernails grow.
- 17. Convection Currents The middlemantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising being less dense, then cooling becoming more dense and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over.
- 18. Mantl e Solid butcapable of flow (like fudge) Semi-Solid/Semi Liquid Thickest layer of the Earth 2900km (1800 miles) Element Composition: Magnesium, Silicon, Oxygen, and Iron The hot magma rises then cools and sinks. These convection currents cause changes in the Earth’s surface. Conveyor belt for the tectonic plates. Upper Mantle Convection Currents Middle Mantle Lower Mantle
- 19.
- 20. Outer Core Composition: Molten (liquid)metal that is about 4,700°C (8,500°F) Thickness: 2,266 km (1,400) miles State of Matter: Composed of the melted metals nickel and iron (liquid) Located about 1,800 miles beneath
- 21. Inner Core Solid spheremade mostly of iron and has Nickel It is believed to be as hot as 6,650°C (12,000°F) Heat in the core generated by the radioactive decay of uranium and other elements
- 23. What do thesetwo images tell us about the layers of the Earth?
- 24. Temperature increases as depthincreases
- 25. Density and Pressure increaseas depth increases
- 26. Add this statementto the arrow going down on your foldable. Temperature, Density and Pressure increases as depth increases
- 27. Which layer ofthe Earth has the greatest temperature, pressure, and density? Core
- 28. How do weknow so much about what’s under Earth’s surface? • Through INDIRECT EVIDENCE, mostly from seismic waves caused by earthquakes (more on this later this semester...) • Sometimes indirect evidence is the only option for scientists to develop a theory • Lets give it a try...
- 29. Big Ideas • TheEarth is divided into 3 Main Layers – Crust – Mantle – Core • Main Rock type of the 2 types of Crust – Oceanic – Basalt – Continental – Granite • Oceanic Crust is denser than Continental Crust
- 30. Big Ideas Continued •The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates. • The Mantle has the convection currents which causes the plates to move. • The Asthenosphere flows semi-liquid on which the plates move • Temperature, pressure, and density increases as depth increases. This is a direct relationship.