Download to read offline
Module 3 Nutrition Slides.pptx
- 2. Why is goodnutrition important for children? • Good nutrition is crucial to brain growth and development, especially in a child’s first few years. • Children need nutrients found in healthy food and drinks to grow. • Obesity, heart disease, liver disease, tooth decay, some kinds of cancer and other diseases are linked to an unhealthy diet. It’s easier and less costly to prevent these diseases. • So let’s start when children are young!
- 3. Nutrition Laws andRegulations for Child Care • California Child Care Centers must meet the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Requirements for Meals (Title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 226.20) • AB 290, 16 hour Preventive Health and Safety Training (extra hour for nutrition is now required) • AB 2084, Healthy Beverages in Child Care Act
- 4. Four Key Messages of the Healthy Beverages inChild Care Act 7/29/2023
- 5. Infant Feeding Breastmilk isthe healthiest source of milk for infants. Contains all of the nutrients infants need and is easiest to digest. Protects infants from common illnesses, allergies, and, obesity Promotes good health for mothers
- 6. How to Support Breastfeedingin Child Care Let parents know you support breastfeeding. Provide a quiet, comfortable, private place for mothers to breastfeed. Learn how to safely handle and store breastmilk.
- 7. Formula Feeding ► Iron-fortifiedformula is the best substitute for breast milk. Don’t give infants cows milk. ►Never use a microwave oven to heat the bottles. ►Follow the instructions given by the manufacturer when mixing the formula with water.
- 8. Feed Infants onDemand (when they are hungry) Signs of Hunger Fussing and tossing Sucking their hands Crying Looking like they are going to cry. Rooting (sucking motion with the mouth) Signs of Fullness Sealing their lips together A decrease in sucking Spitting out the nipple Turning away from the nipple Pushing the bottle away
- 9. Infants from birthto 6 months old drink only breastmilk or formula. For infants 6 to 12 months, use a cup for water. Avoid juice or sweetened drinks for infants. Infants: Other Beverages 7/29/2023
- 10. Introducing Solid Food •Before introducing solid food, communicate with the infant’s family to make sure the infant is ready for solid food. Ask the family what foods have been tried at home. • At about 6 months, begin to introduce ground or pureed food, one food at a time. Work with the family to decide what foods to provide. It’s best to have the family try feeding their baby a new food at home first. • Wait for at least 3 to 5 days before introducing a another new food.
- 11. Solid Food (TableFood) • Start with iron-fortified infant cereal or pureed meats. • Next, pureed vegetables and fruits, and • Then other protein rich foods. Videos from 1000 Days https://thousanddays.org/for-parents/
- 12. *based on standardsfrom Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2016. Age-appropriate Meals and Snacks for Children in Child Care Settings 7/29/2023
- 13. Grains • Grains providemany important nutrients, vitamins, and minerals for the growing children. • Eating whole grains reduces the risk of heart disease and helps children of all ages grow at a healthy weight and avoid constipation. • Pasta, cereal, bread, tortillas, and other baked goods are made using grains. • Rice, oats, corn, wheat, barley, quinoa, millet, and kamut are examples of grains. 7/29/2023
- 14. Grains • Oatmeal • Brownbread, labeled whole grain or multi- grain • Brown rice • Whole wheat pasta • Quinoa • Barley • White or enriched bread • White rice • Flour tortillas • Pasta or noodles made from white flour 7/29/2023 Serve Whole Grain AVOID or LIMIT Non-Whole Grain Foods
- 15. Vegetables • Provide minerals,vitamins, and other nutrients to support children’s rapid growth and development • Diets rich in vegetables have been shown to reduce the risks of heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. 7/29/2023
- 16. Vegetables • Vegetables canbe served fresh, frozen, or canned (all with no added salt, fat, or sugar) • For commercially prepared vegetables, the first ingredient should be the vegetable 7/29/2023
- 17. Quiz Question: Why isit important to eat vegetables? A.) Vegetables are important because they contain many nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that will help children grow. B.) Eating vegetables in the diet can help children develop healthy eating patterns that can last a lifetime. C.) Trying a wide variety of vegetables, textures, and colors can help develop sensory skills. D.) All the above 7/29/2023
- 18. Quiz Question: Why isit important to eat vegetables? A.) Vegetables are important because they contain many nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that will help children grow. B.) Eating vegetables in the diet can help children develop healthy eating patterns that can last a lifetime. C.) Trying a wide variety of vegetables, textures, and colors can help develop sensory skills. D.) All the above 7/29/2023
- 19. Fruits Fruit • Fruitprovides minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients that support children’s growth and development. • Include a variety of colors: try a rainbow of fruits. • The different fruit colors and textures help develop sensory skills. 7/29/2023
- 20. Fruits • Offer unsweetenedwhole, mashed, or pureed fruits, as developmentally appropriate. • Fruit can be fresh, frozen, or canned (all with no added sugars) • Do not add sugar or sweeteners • For commercially prepared fruits, the fruit should be the first ingredient 7/29/2023 Fruit
- 21. Choking Safety forYoung Children • Serve fruits and vegetables ground, mashed, pureed, chopped, cut into small pieces, or shredded. • Remove pits and seeds for children under age 4 years. • Do not serve whole grapes to young children. 7/29/2023
- 22. Quiz Question: Choose the mostappropriate fruit to feed a toddler: A.) Pureed applesauce sweetened with sugar B.) Washed whole grapes C.) Strawberries cut into small pieces D.) A raw pear cut in half 7/29/2023
- 23. Quiz Question: Choose the mostappropriate fruit to feed a toddler. A.) Pureed applesauce sweetened with sugar B.) Washed whole grapes C.) Strawberries cut into small pieces D.) A raw pear cut in half 7/29/2023
- 24. Protein • Protein helpsbuild bones, muscles, cartilage, skin and blood. Protein also helps your body make hormones and vitamins. • Meat, poultry, fish without bones, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, nut butters, tofu, beans, legumes, and cooked eggs are all examples of protein-rich foods.
- 25. Safety • Ask parentsto try common allergen foods at home first: nuts and nut butter, fish and shell fish, and soy products like tofu. • Do not serve fish with bones, chunks of meat, whole nuts or seeds, or spoons-full of nut butter to young children since these food can cause choking.
- 26. Avoid • Meat highin fat, salt, and additives such as bacon, sausage, and hot dogs (hot dogs are also a choking hazard) • Fried and pre-fried baked foods such as fish sticks and chicken nuggets. 7/29/2023
- 27. Preventing Food BorneIllness: Food Safety • Check your refrigerator to make sure the temperature is 41 degrees or lower. • Fully cook eggs, meat, and fish. • Wash your hands before preparing, serving, and eating food and after handling raw fish, eggs, and meat. • Pay careful attention to sanitizing surfaces and utensils after handling raw meat and fish. 7/29/2023
- 28. Allergies and ChokingPrevention: Food Safety Reminders • Avoid choking hazards by cutting whole fruit and vegetables into pieces smaller than 1/4 inch for infants and 1/2 inch for toddlers. • Have children sit when they eat or drink. • Watch for allergic reactions such as vomiting, diarrhea, rash, or swelling of the lips or eyes. 7/29/2023
- 29.
- 30.
- 31.
- 32. Avoid foods withadded sugar or these sugar equivalents on Ingredients Lists: • High fructose corn syrup • Fructose • Corn syrup • Honey • Cane sugar • Evaporated cane juice • Sucrose • Sucralose 7/29/2023
- 33.
- 34. Children with SpecialNeeds • Consult with the child’s family on any specials dietary needs. • Follow the written instructions from the child’s primary care provider. • Develop a special health care needs plan in partnership with the family and primary care provider. 7/29/2023
- 35. The parent/caregiver is responsiblefor: The child is responsible for: • What food is offered • Where it is served and eaten • When it is offered • How much to eat • Whether or not to eat Healthy Feeding, Eating Behaviors, and Habits 7/29/2023
- 36. Family Style Meals Learningabout Healthy Foods • As a child care provider, every day you are a role model for children. • Eating at the same table with children provides an opportunity to role model healthy eating and how to have a pleasant conversation at mealtime. • Family style dining gives teachers an opportunity to talk about the food with children. 7/29/2023
- 37. Individual and CulturalPreferences 7/29/2023
- 38. Individual and CulturalPreferences 7/29/2023
- 39.
- 40. Policies for Feeding Childrenin Child Care • Written Policies • Staff training • Family Engagement • Children with Special Dietary Needs, for example, food allergies 7/29/2023
- 41. What is theUSDA's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)? Meal Patterns for children 1-13 years www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/cacfp/CACFP_MealBP.pdf Meal Patterns for infants up to age one: www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/cacfp/CACFP_InfantMealPattern_Fac tSheet_V2.pdf Best Practices for Nutrition: http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/cacfp/CACFP_factBP.pdf Sample Menus for Child Care: http://www.theicn.org/documentlibraryfiles/PDF/20100203013049.pdf 7/29/2023
- 42. What is theUSDA's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)? • Contact the California Department of Education (CDE) Nutrition Services Division, CACFP Unit at www.cde.ca.gov/ls/nu/cc/ ot • Contact your local CACFP sponsor for information about eligibility, enrollment, reimbursement rates, contact information for local sponsors can at www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/cacfpsponsormap.asp • Your local CACFP Sponsor: _______________________________________ 7/29/2023
- 43. Resources • Visit theCalifornia Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA) Child Care Nutrition Training webpage for resources and additional information about children's nutrition. www.emsa.ca.gov/childcare_nutrition • Find Ellyn Satter's Division of Responsibility in Feeding at: http://ellynsatterinstitute.org/dor/divisionofresponsibilityinfeeding.php#sthash.TA pwJdwM.cIADwTCz.dpuf • Find NAP SACC Sample Nutrition Polices at: www.centertrt.org/content/docs/Intervention_Documents/Intervention_Materials/NAP_SACC/Tec hnical_Assistance_Materials/Sample_Nutrition_and_Physical_Activity_Policy.pdf • Find Dietary Guidelines for Americans at: https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/ • Supporting Breastfeeding Families: A Toolkit for Child Care Providers http://californiabreastfeeding.org/wp- content/uploads/2012/09/Breastfeeding_Friendly_Child_Care_Toolkit_Alameda.pdf 7/29/2023
- 44.
Editor's Notes
- #3 This presentation includes basic nutrition information for children ages birth to 12 years old.
- #4 First, California Child Care Centers must meet the Federal CACFP meal plan requirements. These requirements, based on USDA standards, have recently been updated. The new updates went into effect in October, 2017. Second, all licensed child care providers must complete 16 hour Preventive Health and Safety Training, including one hour for nutrition. This is required for all new licensees. And third, AB 2084, known as the Healthy Beverages in Child Care Act has four key messages…
- #5 The key messages in the Healthy Beverages in Child Care Act: Only unflavored, unsweetened, non-fat (fat free, skim, 0%) or low fat (1%) milk can be served to children two years of age or older. No beverages with added sweeteners, natural or artificial, can be served, including sports drinks, sweet teas, juice drinks with added sugars, flavored milk, soda and diet drinks. A maximum of one serving (4-6 ounces for 1-6 year olds, AAP) of 100% juice is allowed per day. Clean and safe drinking water must be readily available at all times; indoors and outdoors and with meals and snacks.
- #6 Script: Breast milk provides the most easily digested food for infants. It has the right amount of fat, sugar, water, and protein that is needed for an infant’s growth and development. Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants for at least the first twelve months, and, thereafter, for as long as both mother and child desire. Breastmilk contains antibodies that protect infants against common illnesses and allergies. Also, infants who are fed breastmilk experience less spit up, constipation and illness. Supporting a mother when she wants to breast-feed demonstrates your commitment to the best nutrition for infants. There are many benefits for breastfeeding moms for example, breastfeeding helps mothers to bond with their infants, saves money, and is protective at lowering their risk of developing diabetes, breast cancer, and heart disease.
- #7 Script: Supporting a mother when she wants to breastfeed demonstrates your commitment to the best nutrition for infants. Provide a quiet, comfortable, and private place for mothers to breastfeed and encourage mothers to provide a back-up supply of frozen or refrigerated expressed human milk with the infant’s full name on the bottle in the event the infant needs to eat more. Provide information to families about other places in the community that can provide further support for mothers who are breastfeeding. Examples of resources include local lactation consultants and breastfeeding support groups such as Le Leche League. Additional training in breastfeeding support and promotion for child care providers is available.
- #8 Script: Iron-fortified infant formula is recommended for infants who are not fed breastmilk. It contains balanced nutrition that growing infants need. Infants under six months do not need any other beverages besides either breastmilk or iron fortified formula. A medical statement is required in order to serve infants under six months anything other than breastmilk or iron fortified formula. Do not use a microwave to heat infant formula or breastmilk. Microwave ovens do not heat liquids evenly and uneven heating could easily burn the infant when they are eating. In addition, bottles can explode if left in the microwave too long. Liquid may become very hot when microwaved even though the bottle feels cool. Also, heating damages special substances in breastmilk that protect infant’s health. Warm bottles under warm running water or in a warm water bath. Follow the instructions given by the manufacturer when mixing the formula with water and ensure that the water used is from a clean and safe source. Goat milk, soy milk, evaporated or whole cow’s milk, rice milk and other milk products are not recommended for infants that are less than 12 months of age, because they cannot digest it and does not provide the balanced nutrition growing infants need.
- #9 Script: Discuss with families the infant’s feeding patterns and look for infant feeding cues letting you know the infant is hungry. Infants should be fed when they are hungry. Some signs/cues that infants are hungry include: rooting, sucking their hand, or fidgeting. Responsive feeding, where the providers recognize and respond to infant feeding cues, helps foster trust and reduces overfeeding. Responding to the infant’s early signs of hunger can reduce their need to cry when hungry. Continue to feed a baby until they indicate fullness. Never force a baby to finish what is in the bottle. Babies are the best judge of how much they need. Babies may want to eat less if they are not feeling well and more if they are going through a growth spurt.
- #10 Script: Sugary, sweetened drinks such as fruit juice should not be given to infants. They take the place of the more nutritious breast milk or formula that infants need for growth and good health. Offering fruit juice in the diet may lead to the risk of replacing the nutrient they need to grow. Do not put juice or sweetened beverages in a bottle.
- #11 Signs that an infant is ready to start solid foods Infant can hold head steady, Infant can sit with minimal support, Infant swallows when presented with a spoon, Infant shown interest in food watching it intently if he sees it.
- #13 Offer a variety of healthy foods at meals and snacks. Plan your menu around what’s in season—seasonal foods are often the most delicious and usually cost less. Colorful foods with varying textures are attractive and appealing to children.
- #14 Script: Food made from rice, oats, cornmeal, wheat, barley or another cereal grain is a grain product. Grains are an important food group that provide many important nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Whole grain products contain all the parts of the dietary fiber, meaning they have no nutritious parts removed. Whole grains help children with digestion and helps them feel fuller longer helping children grow at a healthy weight. Whole grains also contain B Vitamins which are essential for healthy growth and development and maintaining a healthy nervous system and metabolism. And whole grains contain magnesium which the body uses to build bones and release energy from muscles.
- #16 Vegetables are a plant or part of a plant used as food. Vegetables provide many nutrients such as fiber, folic acid, and other vitamins and minerals that nurture the growing children. For example, folic acid helps the body make red blood cells, fiber helps with bowel function and helps children feel full when eating, and vitamins such as Vitamin A from carrots can help strengthen the immune system. Vegetables are also low in calories which help children grow at a healthy weight. Introducing a variety of vegetables helps to develop healthy eating patterns that benefit children their entire life.
- #17 Each vegetable has different levels of nutrients, so including a variety of vegetables will help make sure children getting the nutrition they need while they are rapidly growing. Many processed food products contain added unhealthy salt, fat, or sugar. Offering children plain vegetables is the healthiest. If serving commercially prepared vegetables such as spinach, green beans, carrots, etc, read the label carefully making sure that the vegetable is the first ingredient listed on the label.
- #20 A fruit is the part of a plant that has seeds in it. Fruits are an important source of food for growing children. Fruits provide many nutrients such as folic acid, fiber, and vitamins. For example, Vitamin C from oranges helps in the growth and repair of all body tissues, keeps teeth and gums healthy, and can strengthen the immune system. Diets rich in fruits, such as bananas with potassium, have been shown to reduce the risks of high blood pressure and other illnesses. Create a positive eating experience. Don’t force or pressure children to eat all the food that is offered.
- #21 Include a variety of fruits. If feeding commercially prepared fruits such as applesauce, peaches, or pears, read the label carefully to check for added sweeteners.
- #22 Due to the risk of choking, do not feed infants and toddlers whole pieces or hard pieces of fruit such as apple, pear, melon; uncooked, dried fruit (including raisins), whole grapes, berries, cherries, melon balls, or cherry and grape tomatoes. Instead, cut these foods into smaller pieces, quarters, with pits and seeds removed.
- #24 Answer: C. Rationale: Strawberries cut into small pieces will help prevent choking. Allowing Mark to feed himself and handle the prepared strawberries will also help him develop his sensory and motor skills.
- #25 Protein in foods such as meat, milk, eggs, and beans is needed for healthy growth.
- #27 Avoid serving hot dogs, sausage, chicken nuggets, because they are high in salt and fat. Hotdogs or meat products shaped like hotdogs, when served whole or cut into round slices, are a leading cause of choking in children.
- #29 For more information on allergies and food safety visit the EMSA Child Care Nutrition Training webpage.
- #30 The Nutrition Facts panel can help you choose foods lower in total fat, saturated fat, trans fat. Choose foods with the lower total fat, and saturated fat. Avoid serving children food with trans fats. Also, to know how much salt is in a product, look for “Sodium” on the label. Choose foods that have less Sodium to reduce the amount of salt you are serving children. The label on the right is the new FDA label scheduled to be in effect by July 2018. It is designed to make it easier for consumers to make healthy choices and includes clearer information about added sugars and serving size.
- #31 Script The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires food producers to list all ingredients in their foods. Added sugar and fat comes in many forms – which is why it's so hard to find on the ingredients label. There are many different names for sugar listed on food labels, some of the more common names, are sucrose, cane sugar, sugar, corn syrup, fruit juice concentrate, barley malt, dextrose, maltose, and rice syrup. Avoid foods with transfats (partially-hydrogenated and hydrogenated oils).
- #32 Juices that are not 100% fruit have names like juice drink, juice cocktail, fruit punch, and lemonade. It will say on the label that these drinks have added sweeteners such as sugar, corn syrup, sugar cane juice.
- #34 Contents on the Ingredients List are listed from most to least. This Ingredients List has just one ingredient: White Corn. That tells you there are no added sugars, salt, or fats.
- #35 Some children have cultural, religious, medical or developmental concerns which may impact their dietary needs. Work closely with families to develop a feeding plan to promote the healthy growth of the infant. For families from different cultures, it is important to learn about their needs and special dietary considerations. For medical and behavioral concerns, get instructions from the child’s family and health care provider. Develop a written feeding plan. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), licensed child-care centers are expected to provide care for a child who has special dietary needs.
- #36 Encourage children to taste a new food, but do not force or reward children to eat or insist that children eat everything on their plates. It is normal for children to dislike some foods and favor others. You may need to offer a new food as many as 10 to 20 times before a child is willing to try it. Research shows that dietary habits are fairly established at a young age. Creating a positive experience with feeding such as having a positive attitude towards food and during the mealtime experience will encourage healthy eating patterns. One method created to teach heathy eating behaviors and habits was developed by Ellyn Satter. It is called the Division of Responsibility in Feeding Method. Children have a natural ability with eating. This feeding method builds on their natural abilities to regulate how much to eat. The Division of Responsibility: The child care provider or parent is responsible for what. The child is responsible for how much, or whether or not to eat.
- #37 What are Family Style Meals? Family style meal service describes when teachers and children sit at the table and eat a meal or snack together. Foods are placed on serving platters, bowls, and drinks are served in child-sized pitchers and passed and/or placed on the table so children can serve themselves. The adults eat the same food and encourage, but don’t force, children to help themselves to all food offered at the meal. One goal of Family Style eating is to make eating an enjoyable experience. Children who cannot self-serve (such as very young children and children with special needs) may need accommodations in order to join the group. Food safety tips for Family Style meals: Use separate utensils for serving. Children should not handle foods that they will not be eating.
- #38 California is home to many cultures full of a variety of food traditions. Celebrate the rich culinary customs of the children and families in your program. Respect individual preferences and be sensitive to cultural and family traditions. Photo used with permission from Peter Menzel for use in this presentation.
- #39 California is home to many cultures full of a variety of food traditions. Celebrate the rich culinary customs of the children and families in your program. Respect individual preferences and be sensitive to cultural and family traditions. Photo used with permission from Peter Menzel for use in this presentation.
- #40 Keep it fun! There are lots of good ways to include messages about healthy eating in your lessons with children. Take the opportunity to help children understand that healthy food helps them grow strong and healthy!
- #41 Written policies help child care providers and families understand what will be served and how it will be served in a child care program. Writing policies is the first step for child care providers to provide healthier meals and snacks to the children in their care. Share written policies with staff and families to send a message that nutrition is a priority in your child care program. Clear policies prevent misunderstanding about what food and drinks will be served or brought into a child care program for meals, snacks and celebrations. Make sure that new staff receive training on your nutrition policies, and that parents receive information about your nutrition policies upon enrollment. Consistent practices for feeding children at child care and at home support children to grow strong and healthy with good habits for eating and drinking. Make sure you have policies for how you will keep children with food allergies and special dietary needs safe in your child care setting. Work closely with parents and the child’s health care provider for all children with special dietary needs. Develop a written special nutrition plan with clear instructions about which foods cause a child to have an allergic reaction and what actions to take in case a child has an allergic reaction.
- #42 CACFP is a federally funded food program administered through the California Department of Education, Nutrition Services Division. CACFP provides money and informational resources to help child care providers provide high quality meals for children in child care. CACFP can provide ideas for recipes, menu planning, food preparation, and nutrition education. New meal patterns went into effect on October 1, 2017. If you are not currently participating; consider enrolling!
- #43 Visit the CDE CACFP website to find out more about eligibility and how to sign up for CACFP Provide the referral telephone number and link to contact information for local CACFP sponsors.
- #44 Information in this 1 hour class is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. There are lots of resources available for the child care community that can be found on the EMSA website.
- #45 Be sure to allow time for questions!