module1:Introduction to digital electronics

By
Mr. C.R.Shinde
Electrical Engineering Department
Matoshri College of Engineering & Research centre, Nashik

203143: Analog And Digital Electronics
Teaching Scheme
Lecture : 03 Hrs/ Week
Practical : 02 Hrs/ Week
Credits
Th: 03
PR:01
Examination Scheme [Marks]
In Sem : 30 Marks
End Sem : 70 Marks
Practical : 50 Marks
Unit 1_Module1 Matoshri College of Engineering & Research Center Nashik 2

Course Objective
1) To use K map for Boolean algebra reduction and design digital
circuit
2) To introduce digital memories and logical families.
3) To construct sequential and combinational circuits using flip
flops and K map
4) To develop the concept of basics of operational Amplifier and
its applications.
5) To design uncontrolled rectifier

Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to :-
CO1: Design logical, sequential and combinational digital circuit
using K-Map.
CO2: Demonstrate different digital memories and programmable
logic families.
CO3: Apply and analyze applications of OPAMP in open and closed
loop condition.
CO4: Design uncontrolled rectifier with given specifications

Unit 01 : Design of combinational circuit
M1:-Introductions
M2:- Booleans algebra, De-Morgan theory.
M3:- Karnaugh map: structure for two, three and four Variables, SOP and
POS form reduction of Boolean expressions by K-map.
M4:- Design of combinational circuits using Boolean expression and K-
map.
M5:- encoder, decoder, half and full adder.

Module1:-Introductions
 Introduction to Digital Electronics.
 Introduction to Number System.
 Binary Digits and Logic Levels.
 Introduction to Gray code.

Introduction to Digital Electronics
Computer
Calculator
Watch etc.

Introduction to Digital Electronics

Transistor, Resister, Capacitor etc
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/EX-OR/EX-NOR
Encoder, Decoder, Counters, Registers, Adder

Number system define a set of value used to represent
quantity
NAME BASE (Radix)
Decimal 10
Binary 2
Octal 8
Hexadecimal 16
INTRODUCTION TO NUMBER SYSTEM

Decimal number system
Name Base (radix) Characters in set
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
0 to (r-1)
0 to (10-1)
0 to 9
7 3 9 2 . 9 1
.

Binary number system
Binary 2 0,1
0 to (r-1)
0 to (2-1)
0 to 1
1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1
.

Octal number system
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
0 to (r-1)
0 to (8-1)
0 to 7
5 6 3 2 . 4 7 1
.

Hexadecimal number system
Hexadecimal 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
0 to (r-1)
0 to (16-1)
0 to 15
10=A
11=B
12=C
13=D
14=E
15=F
3 F D . 8 4
.

System Base Symbols
Used by
humans?
Used in
computers?
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 No No
Hexa-
decimal
16
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
A,B,C,D,E,F
No No

Binary Digits and Logic Levels
Digital electronics uses circuits that have two states, which
are represented by two different voltage levels called HIGH
and LOW. The voltages represent numbers in the binary
system.
A bit can have the value
of either 0 or 1,
depending on if the
voltage is HIGH or LOW.
0 volt
2 volt
3 volt
5 volt

Digital waveforms change between the LOW and HIGH levels. A
positive going pulse is one that goes from a normally LOW logic
level to a HIGH level and then back again. Digital waveforms are
made up of a series of pulses.
Digital Waveforms

Introduction to gray code
 Its also known as “Reflected binary code” (RBC)
 Invented by frank gray
 Its Unweighted code
 In gray code , “Two successive values differ in only 1 bit”
Frank gray

Logic Gates
It is physical device which performs logical
operation on one /more logical inputs, and
produces single logical output.

Classification of Logic Gates
Logic Gates
Basic Logic Gates
OR NOT AND
Universal Logic Gates
NAND NOR
Special Logic Gates
EX-OR EX-NOR

NOT LOGIC GATE
1)SYMBOL:-
2)TT:-
INPUT OUTPUT

AND LOGIC GATE
1)SYMBOL:-
2)TT:-
INPUT OUTPUT

OR LOGIC GATE
1) SYMBOL:-
2) TT:-
INPUT OUTPUT

NAND LOGIC GATE
1) SYMBOL:-
2) TT:-
INPUT OUTPUT
AND + NOT
NAND GATE

NOR LOGIC GATE
1) SYMBOL:-
2) TT:-
INPUT OUTPUT
OR + NOT
NOR GATE

Module1:-Introductions
 Introduction to Digital Electronics.
 Introduction to Number System.
 Introduction to Gray code.
 Introduction to Logic Gate.

Module2:-
Booleans algebra,
De-Morgan theory.

Thank you
Mr. C. R. Shinde
Electrical Engineering Department
Matoshri College of Engineering & Research centre, Nashik
If you have any query, ask me anytime on…… … .. . . .
cshinde58@gmail.com
chandrakant.shinde@matoshri.edu.in
9970031353

Introduction to Booleans algebra
 It is set of rules, used to simplify the given logic
expression without changing its functionality
 It is used when number of variables less
George Boole
1815-1864
NOT
AND AND AND
OR
NEED 5 LOGIC GATES
NOT
AND AND
OR
NEED 4 LOGIC GATES

Rule 1:- complement

Rule 2 :- AND
Hence

Rule 2 :- AND (Cont.)

Rule 3 :- OR
Hence

Rule 3 :- OR (Cont.)

Rule 4 :- Distributive law

Rule 5 :-Commutative law

Rule 6 :-Associative law

PRIORITY
1)NOT
2)AND
3)OR

Rule 7 :- de-morgans law

Boolean algebra Examples

module1:Introduction to digital electronics

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