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Mr Exham IGCSE Biology - Cells
The document outlines key concepts related to cells, which are the fundamental building blocks of life, explaining the characteristics of living organisms through the acronym MRS C GREN. It describes the structure and functions of various cell components, including the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles, highlighting differences between plant and animal cells. The information is intended for educational purposes, emphasizing the importance of understanding cell biology.
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Introduction to the IGCSE Biology presentation by Henry Exham, mentioning copyright and educational use.
Discussion on MRS C GREN, the 8 characteristics of living things relevant to all organisms.
Explains that all organisms are made of cells, distinguishes between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Details about the nucleus as the largest organelle controlling cell activities and containing chromosomes.
Function of the cell surface membrane, selectively permeable, acting as a boundary between cytoplasm and outside.
Cytoplasm described as a jelly-like substance where metabolic reactions occur, hosting organelles.
Mitochondria's function in respiration and energy release, important in energy-demanding cells.
Describes the cell wall in plant cells, its composition (cellulose) and function of maintaining shape.
Chloroplasts found in plant cells, containing chlorophyll for light absorption during photosynthesis.
Vacuole's role in plant cells for storing cell sap, essential in maintaining cell shape.
Summary slide reviewing functions of various cell structures.
Notice about copyright protections laid out for educational use and limitations on distribution.
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Mr Exham IGCSE Biology - Cells
- 1. IGCSE Biology –4BI0 MAKING SENSE OF Copyright©2015HenryExham Icons CC – The Pink Group Copyright©2017HenryExham Icons CC – The Pink Group
- 2. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham • Can you remember the processes in MRS C GREN that are common to most living things? • Can you recognise cell structures such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole, and describe their functions? • What are the major differences between plant and animal cells? 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Objectives 2
- 3. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham MRS C GREN 3 1.1 Life processes - Cells • MRS C GREN stands for the 8 characteristics of living things. • All living organisms from a simple bacteria to plants and animals, can do all of these processes.
- 4. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 4 1.1 Life Processes - Cells MRS C GREN
- 5. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 5 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life • All living organisms are composed of cells. • The simplest organisms are made of one single cell. • More complex organisms like animals and plants are made of many cells and are called multicellular organisms. • In multicellular organisms there are many different types of cells that are specialised to carry out particular functions.
- 6. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham • Click here to watch this video about cells 6 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life
- 7. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 7 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life
- 8. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 8 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life
- 9. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 9 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life • Largest organelle. • Controls the activities of the cell. • Contains chromosomes. • Chromosomes carry genes. • The genes determine which proteins the cell can make. NUCLEUS
- 10. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 10 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE • Forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside of the cell. • Some chemicals can pass through this barrier and the cell can control what comes in and out. • It is selectively permeable.
- 11. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 11 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life CYTOPLASM • Jelly like substance which contains all of the organelles (e.g. nucleus and mitochondria). • Many of the cell’s chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm. • These are called metabolic reactions.
- 12. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 12 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life MITOCHONDRIA • Carry out some of the reactions of respiration. • Therefore releasing energy for the cell. • Cells that have a high demand for energy usually have many mitochondria, such as muscle cells.
- 13. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 13 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life CELL WALL • Found only in plant cells. • It is made of a non-living material called cellulose. • Helps the cell keep its shape. • It is freely permeable.
- 14. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 14 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life CHLOROPLAST • Found in some plant cells. • Contains chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll is a green pigment. • It absorbs light energy to make food in the process of photosynthesis.
- 15. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 15 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life VACUOLE • Found only in plant cells. • Filled with cell sap. • Cell sap is a store of dissolved sugars, mineral ions, and other solutes. • Helps keep the cell’s shape.
- 16. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 16 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life • Cell structures and functions summary
- 17. Copyright © 2015Henry Exham 17 1.1 Life Processes - Cells Cells – The building blocks of life • Click here to watch this video about cell structures
- 18. This PowerPoint isprotected under copyright. It is designed for educational use. Either personal study or to be presented to a class. It may be edited or duplicated for these purposes only. It must not be shared or distributed online in any format. Some images used are under a separate creative commons license, these are clearly marked. Copyright © 2017 Henry Exham Brought to you by MrExham.com TERMS AND CONDITIONS 18