Ms nikita computer generation

COMPUTER GENERATION
www.advanced.edu.in
NIKITA GUPTA
Assistant Professor (CSE)

COMPUTER GENERATION
www.advanced.edu.in

COMPUTER GENERATION
Computer has become a part of our life. Today along
with calculations, their work area is very wide-
supermarket scaneners scan and calculate our
grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic
teller machines (atms) help us in banking transaction.
How the technology has developed and what its
future course is. To understand this first we should
know about the different generation of computers.
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Generation of Computers
 First Generation (1946-59)
 Second Generation(1957-64)
 Third Generation(1965-70)
 Fourth Generation(1970-90)
 Fifth Generation(1990 till date)
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First Generation Computers
(1940-1956)
 They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
 First generation computers relied on machine language.
 The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory.
 They were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
generation computing devices.
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 Time Period : 1951 to 1959
 Technology : Vacuum Tubes
 Size : Very Large System
 Processing : Very Slow

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Characterized By:-
Magnetic Drums
 Magnetic Tapes
 Difficult to program
 Used machine language & assembly language

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DISADVANTAGE :
 They were too bulky.
 They emitted large amounts of heat because they used
lots of vacuum tube.
 AIR conditioning was required.
 They were prone to frequent failure that’s why they
were unreliable.
 They were not portable.

Second Generation Computers
(1956-1963)
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second
generation of computers.
 Second-generation computers moved from
cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.
 High-level programming languages were also being developed
at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
 These were also the first computers that stored their instructions
in their memory.
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 Technology : Transistors
 Size : Smaller
 Processing : Faster

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Characterized By:-
 Magnetic Cores
 Used high level language
 Easier to program

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ADVANTAGES:
 They were smaller as compared to first-generation
computers.
 They generated less heat.
 They took comparatively less computers time.
 They were less prone to failure.

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DISADVANTAGES:
 They required Air Conditioning.
 Frequent maintenance was required.
 They were difficult and quite expensive

Third Generation Computers
(1964-1971)
 The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of
the third generation of computers.
 Transistors were miniaturized and placed on siliconchips, called
semiconductors.
 Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with
third generation computers through keyboards
and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.
 Allowed the device to run many different applications at one
time.
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 Technology : ICs (Integrated Circuits)
Incorporated many transistors & electronic
circuits on a single chip
 Size : Small as compared to 2nd generation computers
 Processing : Faster then 2nd generation computers

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Characterized By:-
 Minicomputers accessible by multiple users from
remote
terminals.

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ADVANTAGES:-
 They were smaller in size as compared to the second-
generation computers.
 They generated less heat.
 They reduced computational time.
 They involved low maintenance cost.
 They were easily portable.
 They were comparatively cheaper.

Fourth Generation Computers
(1971-present)
 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers,
as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon
chip.
 The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the
components of the computer.
 From the central processing unit and memory to input/output
controls—on a single chip.
 Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs,
the mouse and handheld devices.
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 Time Period : 1975 to Today
 Technology : VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
Incorporated many millions of transistors &
electronic circuits on a single chip
 Size : Small as compared to first generation computer
 Processing : Faster then first generation computer

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Characterized By:-
 The personal computer and user friendly micro-
programs, very fast processor chip high level language,
OOP (Object Oriented Programming)

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ADVANTAGES:-
 They were cheaper.
 They had a larger memory and high functional speed.
 They consumed less power.
 They generated a negligible amount of heat.

Five Generation Computers
 Is classified as fourth generation computers.
 faster, more powerful, tremendous data storage and processing
capacity
 New brands and models would come out the market almost
every other month.
 Many clones or imitations of the IBM have become even more
powerful and a lot cheaper.
 Computers became more affordable
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 Computers can now be found in homes, schools, offices etc.
 There has been a tremendous improvement in software technology
 Different software applications to choose from: word processing,
spreadsheets, database management, games and entertainment.
 Computer subjects are now being offered not just to college students
but even to high school and elementary.Computers are now used as
an aid in teaching math, science etc.
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Fifth Generation Computer AI (Artificial Intelligence)

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 Time Period : Future Technology
 Technology : AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Next Generation Optical Disk
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The following formats go beyond the current third-
generation discs and have the potential to hold more than
one terabyte (1TB) of data:
 Holographic Versatile Disc (3.9TB=850 DVDs)
 LS-R
 Protein-coated disc

Holographic Versatile Disc
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 The Holographic Versatile Disc
(HVD) is an optical disc
technology still in the research
stage which would hold up to
3.9
terabytes (TB) of information
which is equivalent to around
850 DVDs.
 It was introduced in 2004.

Future of Touch Screen
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“The future of touch screen seems bright. A
company named synaptics is developing a
touch screen called 'ClearPad'. It is a thin,
high resolution capacitive touch screen
that can be placed on top of any display
where a finger-touch is required. If this
technology is mass-accepted then the need
of mechanical keys will be eliminated.”

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“THANK YOU”
Nikita Gupta
Assistant Professor
Advanced Educational Institutions
Advanced Educational Institutions,
70 km Milestone,
Delhi-Mathura Road, Dist. Palwal, Haryana-121105
+91–1275–398400, 302222
Contact Email Id: nikitaguptapalwal@gmail.com
Website: http://www.advanced.edu.in

Ms nikita computer generation

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