Multitenancy in cloud computing architecture
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Multitenancy in cloud computing allows multiple customers to share the same resources while keeping their data separate and secure, similar to how individuals can store money in one bank without interacting. This architecture leads to better resource utilization and lower costs, though it also introduces potential security risks and resource competition. Understanding the distinctions between multitenant and single-tenant clouds is crucial, as each has different implications for cost, security, and performance.
Multitenancy in cloud computing architecture
- 1. Multitenancy Dr Hitesh Mohapatra School of Computer Engineering KIIT Deemed to be University
- 2. Definition • In cloud computing, multitenancy means that multiple customers of a cloud vendor are using the same computing resources. • Despite the fact that they share resources, cloud customers are not aware of each other, and their data is kept totally separate. • Multitenancy is a crucial component of cloud computing; without it, cloud services would be far less practical. • Multitenant architecture is a feature in many types of public cloud computing, including IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, containers, and serverless computing.
- 3. Fig.1
- 4. Example • To understand multitenancy, think of how banking works. Multiple people can store their money in one bank, and their assets are completely separate even though they are stored in the same place. Customers of the bank do not interact with each other, do not have access to other customers' money, and are not even aware of each other. • Similarly, in public cloud computing, customers of the cloud vendor use the same infrastructure – the same servers, typically – while still keeping their data and their business logic separate and secure.
- 5. What are the benefits of multitenancy? Many of the benefits of cloud computing are only possible because of multitenancy. Here are two crucial ways multitenancy improves cloud computing: • Better use of resources: One machine reserved for one tenant is not efficient, as that one tenant is not likely to use all of the machine's computing power. By sharing machines among multiple tenants, use of available resources is maximized. • Lower costs: With multiple customers sharing resources, a cloud vendor can offer their services to many customers at a much lower cost than if each customer required their own dedicated infrastructure.
- 6. Cont. • Use of Available resources is maximized by sharing resources. • Customer’s Cost of Physical Hardware System is reducing. • It reduce usage of physical devices and thus power consumption and cooling cost save. • Save Vendor’s cost as it become difficult for cloud vendor to provide separate Physical Services to each individual. • Provides isolation to user while maximizing resource utilization.
- 7. What are the drawbacks of multitenancy? • Possible security risks and compliance issues: Some companies may not be able to store data within shared infrastructure, no matter how secure, due to regulatory requirements. • Additionally, security problems or corrupted data from one tenant could spread to other tenants on the same machine, although this is extremely rare and should not occur if the cloud vendor has configured their infrastructure correctly. • These security risks are somewhat mitigated by the fact that cloud vendors typically are able to invest more in their security than individual businesses can.
- 8. Cont. • As data is stored in third party services , this reduces security of our data and put it into vulnerable condition . • Unauthorized access will cause damage of data. • Possibility of competition for system resources. • It has single point of failure since there is only one instance of resource, clients face loss of service in such cases.
- 9. Multi-tenant Cloud vs. Single-Tenant Cloud • In a single-tenant cloud, only one client is hosted on the server and provided access to it. • Due to the multi-tenancy architecture hosting multiple clients on the same server, it is important to understand the security and performance of the provider fully. • Single-tenant clouds give customers greater control over managing data, storage, security, and performance.
- 10. Benefits of multitenant architecture • Multitenancy can save money. • Computing is cheap to scale, and multi-tenancy allows resources to be allocated coherently and efficiently, ultimately saving on operating costs. • For an individual user, paying for access to a cloud service or SaaS application is often more cost-effective than running single-tenant hardware and software. • Enables multi-tenancy flexibility. • If you have invested in your hardware and software, it can reach capacity during times of high demand or go idle during slow demand. • On the other hand, a multitenant cloud can allocate a pool of resources to the users who need it as their needs go up and down. • As a public cloud provider customer, you can access additional capacity when needed and not pay for it when you don’t. • Multi-tenancy can be more efficient. • Multitenancy reduces the need for individual users to manage the infrastructure and handle updates and maintenance. • Individual tenants can rely on a central cloud provider rather than their teams to handle those routine chores.
- 11. Example Of Multi-Tenancy Multitenant clouds can be compared to the structure of an apartment building. Each resident has access to their apartments within the entire building agreement, and only authorized persons may enter specific units. However, the entire building shares resources such as water, electricity, and common areas.
- 12. Multi-tenancy Single-tenancy Cost More affordable; shares costs with other tenants All costs paid by single-user Hardware resource access Hardware shared among tenants, divided using VMs Server is used solely by single tenant Software resource access Same software instance can be accessed by multiple users simultaneously All software instances are completely unique and isolated to the single-user entity Client responsibilities All maintenance work and software updates delegated to the cloud service provider The client is responsible for software updates, patches, backup, restore, and disaster recovery Type of cloud Public cloud Private cloud System security Reduced interactions with out-of-cloud sources minimize exposure to malicious software Full control over who accesses the cloud environment and the data moving in and out Availability “Noisy neighbor” syndrome with other tenants taking up computing resources Exclusive access to all of the cloud’s computing power at all times Efficiency Only use the resources you need There’s wasted potential and poor efficiency if the environment isn’t run to full capacity Customizability Minimal customization options; one-size-fits-all Single tenants can customize the software environment to suit their needs
- 13. Types of multi-tenant architecture 1. Single application, single database • A single, shared database schema is a multi-tenancy model with a multi-tenant database. • This is the simplest form out of the three model types and has a relatively low cost for tenants because of the use of shared resources. • This form uses a single application and database instance to host multiple simultaneous tenants and store data. • Using a single, shared database schema enables easier scaling; however, operational costs can be higher and noisy neighbor effects can potentially affect performance.
- 14. Cont. 2. Single application, multiple database • This multi-tenant architecture includes the use of a single database with multiple schemas. • This tenant system uses a single application instance with individual databases for each tenant. • In addition, this architecture is more difficult to scale and has a higher cost and more overhead with each database. • It's a valuable architecture when data from different tenants need to be treated differently -- such as if they had to go through different regulations per geographic region. Separate databases also help to reduce potential noisy neighbor effects.
- 15. Cont. 3. Multiple application, multiple database • This type of multi-tenant architecture hosts data in multiple databases. • This model is relatively complex in terms of cost, management and maintenance, but the approach is secure and tenants can be separated by a chosen criterion.
- 16. Fig.2
- 17. Final Thought