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Musculoskeletal System
- 1. Musculoskeletal system Presented By: Kazi Ornob MD. Shakil MD. Rajon Hossain MD. Vulu Mia
- 2. Musculoskeletal system • The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. • This system provides form, support, stability & movement to the body • It comprises of Muscular System and the Skeletal System
- 3. Musculoskeletal system The Muscular system Voluntary Muscles Involuntary Muscles The Skeletal System Bones Joints
- 4. Functions of Muscular system • Locomotion • Movement • Posture formation and its maintenance • Assistance in blood circulation and respiration • Protection and support to the viscera • Production of strength by converting chemical energy to mechanical energy. • Contribution to the functions of digestion, defecation, urination and the process of child birth. • External expression of emotions
- 5. The Muscular System Voluntary Muscles Skeletal Muscles Involuntary Muscles Cardiac Muscles Smooth Muscles
- 6. Muscle: a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body. Classification of muscles on the basis of structure and function Smooth muscles 1.Maintain flow of fluids along tissue walls. 2.Fatigue slowly. 3.Found in lungs, stomach,oesophagus and intestines. Cardiac muscles 1.Controlled by central nervous system and “Pacemaker” cells. 2.Donot fatigue. 3.Found only in heart and tips of blood vessels. Skeletal muscles 1.Aid in voluntary movement. 2.Fatigue more rapidly than other muscles. 3.attached to skeleton.
- 8. Some Important Skeletal Muscles
- 9. The Skeletal System The Bones Flat Bones Irregular Bones Long Bones Short Bones The Joints Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
- 10. The Skeletal System • Forms framework of the body. • Bone is the hardest part of the body. • No. of bones in adult human body =206 • Total weight of skeletal system = 15% of total body weight. • The skeletal system =Bones + Joints.
- 11. The bones • Each bone is supplied by nerves, blood vessels & lymphatic vessels. • Composition of bone - Calcium & Phosphorus. • Bone Marrow - Soft core of the bone . Blood cells are produced in the marrow. • Cartilage - Softer than bone . e.g. Ear lobe ,nose .
- 13. Classification of bones Flat bone Irregular bone Long bone Short bone 1.They are thin like plate. 2.They protect organs as they cover them. 3.Cranial bones of the skull, Sternum, Ribs & Scapulae 1.Complex and irregular in shape 2.Example: Vertebrae 1.Length is greater than the width 2.Slightly curved for better strength 3.Bones of hands and thighs 1.Cubical in shape 2.Equal in length & width. 3.Bones of wrist & ankles
- 15. Joints • A point where two bones or bone and a cartilage contact each other is called Joint or an Articulation. • Two bones are held together by a flexible connective tissue • Most of the joints permit the movement within particular limit. • While some joints restrict the movement.
- 16. Classification of joints JOINTS FIBROUS JOINT CARTILAGINOUS JOINT SYNOVIAL JOINT
- 17. Types of joints Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints 1.The articulating bones are held very close to each other by a fibrous connective tissue. 2.Very limited movement is possible or there is no movement at all. 3.Joints between shafts of the ulna & radius or tibia and fibula, Joint of the skull. 1.The joining material is cartilaginous tissue. 2.Immovable in nature. 3.Joint between first rib and the sternum. 4.Portion of intervertebral disc is cartilaginous. 5.Vertebral joints are slightly movable. 1.Joints of the bones move freely upon each other. 2.Synovial cavity – space between two articulating bones 3.Sleeve like articular capsule, covers the joint. 4.The outer fibrous layer of the capsule prevents dislocation. 5.The inner membrane secrets synovial fluid, lubricating & nourishing the joint
- 18. Types of joints
- 19. Classification of Synovial Joints 1) Gliding Joint - e.g. carpel & tarsal bones. 2) Hinge Joints - e.g. elbow & knee joints. 3) Pivot Joint - e.g. Between first vertebra (atlas) & second vertebra (axis). 4) Ball & socket Joints- e.g. hip & shoulder jt. 5) Ellipsoidal Joint - e.g.wrist joint. 6) Saddle Joint – e.g. thumb. *Synovial fluid- Synovia, more often called synovial fluid, is a viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. *The functions of the synovial fluid include: reduction of friction —synovial fluid lubricates the articulating joints.
- 21. Functions of skeletal system 1) Forms framework of the body & gives to the shape to the body . 2) Protection of vital organs 3) Movement - mobility & stability. 4) Production of R.B.C. 5) Calcium metabolism
- 22. Thank you