There are three main categories of music videos: performance-based, narrative-based, and concept-based. Performance-based videos simply show the artist performing the song, narrative-based videos tell a story related to the song's lyrics, and concept-based videos are based on a single random idea rather than the song itself. The document provides examples like "American Idiot" by Green Day for performance, "Take On Me" by a-ha for narrative, and "Here It Goes Again" by OK Go for concept-based. It analyzes some of these in more depth to illustrate the different categories.