The document discusses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. MVC divides an application into three parts: the model, which represents the data; the view, which represents the visual elements; and the controller, which handles communication between the model and view. MVC is widely used in web application development to separate an application's logical elements from its presentation elements and improve maintenance and reuse. The key benefits of MVC are separation of concerns and the ability to split work among multiple developers.