MySQL 开发

Narayan Newton
Lead Sysadmin Drupal.org
Performance Engineer Tag1 Consulting
3 March 2012
MySQL Developments
Wednesday, August 22, 12

MySQL Fragmentation
• MySQL used to be just MySQL, there might have been a discussion
between 5.0 vs 5.1
• Now MySQL Means:
• MariaDB
• PerconaDB
• Percona Cluster
• Drizzle
• Oracle MySQL (5.0, 5.1, 5.5, 5.6-dev)
01

Presentations Like This Are Terrible.
02

Focusing On Solutions To Problems....
03

Vertical Scaling, Locking And Reliability
04

Oracle MySQL 5.5
• InnoDB Plugin Merged
• Vastly Improved Locking (Vertical Scalability)
• Introduction of a PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA for statistics gathering
• Countless performance and scalability ﬁxes, optimizations and features
added
• Generally “better” than the release before, focusing on performance.
• This is currently the MySQL of choice for many people
05

Percona Server (XtraDB)
• Focus on instrumentation, configurability and vertical scalability
• Many very specialized features targeting specific problems you will have
when scaling a MySQL instance massively. For example:
• InnoDB Data Dictionary Size, which in vanilla MySQL is not
configurable.
• Percona Server has the ability to dump and restore the buffer
pool, removing a very large pain point with cold starts when you
have a large MySQL instance
• An endless list of performance fixes and little features that are really
helpful when you are trying to run a vertically scaled MySQL instance or
set of instances
06

New Features, Optimizer Improvements
And Replication
07

Oracle MySQL 5.6-dev
• Large-scale improvements to the query optimizer and join algorithms
• Batched Key Access (and Multi-Range Read)
• Index Condition Pushdown
• Subquery Optimizations
• NoSQL Interface (Memcache)
• Multi-Threaded Slaves
• Replication Checksums Built-In
• Global Transactions IDs and Server UUIDs
08

MariaDB
• Enhanced Testing
• Optimizer Enhancements
• BKA, Hash Joins,Table Elimination..etc
• Engine Changes - Percona XtraDB,Aria
• Lots of smaller changes
• Pluggable authentication, segmented key cache, microsecond
resolution, HandlerSocket support, binary log group
commit...and much more.
• Something rather unique:Virtual Columns and Dynamic Columns
09

MariaDB - Virtual Columns
10
MariaDB [test]> describe table1;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+------------+
| a | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| b | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | |
| c | int(11) | YES | | NULL | VIRTUAL |
| d | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | PERSISTENT |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> show create table table1;
| table1 | CREATE TABLE `table1` (
`a` int(11) NOT NULL,
`b` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
`c` int(11) AS (a mod 10) VIRTUAL,
`d` varchar(5) AS (left(b,5)) PERSISTENT
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
MariaDB [test]> select * from table1;
+-----+----------------+------+-------+
| a | b | c | d |
+-----+----------------+------+-------+
| 1 | some text | 1 | some |
| 2 | more text | 2 | more |
| 123 | even more text | 3 | even |
+-----+----------------+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Examples From: http://kb.askmonty.org/en/virtual-columns/

MariaDB - Dynamic Columns
11
create table t1 (id int auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(40),
type enum ("shirt", "phone", "computer"),
price decimal(10,2),
dynstr mediumblob);
insert into t1 (name, type, price, dynstr) values
("Funny shirt", "shirt", 10.0, COLUMN_CREATE(1, "blue", 10, "XL")),
("nokia", "phone", 649, COLUMN_CREATE(1, "black", 2, "touchscreen")),
("htc Desire hd", "phone", 579, COLUMN_CREATE(1, "black", 3, "Android")),
("BM/Lenovo Thinkpad X60s", "computer", 419, COLUMN_CREATE(1, "black", 3,
"Linux"));
SELECT name FROM t1 WHERE COLUMN_GET(dynstr, 1 as char(10)) = "black";
+-------------------------+
| name |
+-------------------------+
| nokia |
| htc Desire hd |
| BM/Lenovo Thinkpad X60s |
+-------------------------+
Examples From: http://kb.askmonty.org/en/dynamic-columns/

Optimizer Improvements
12
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2012/04/04/join-optimizations-in-mysql-5-6-and-mariadb-5-5/

Optimizer Improvements
13
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2012/04/04/join-optimizations-in-mysql-5-6-and-mariadb-5-5/

Clustering
14

PerconaCluster/Galera
• “True” Master-Master Replication
• Transactional heuristics used to replicate a transaction and
“acknowledge” it before it actually runs
• Can write to any node
• Dependent on network throughput and slowest node
• COMMIT time transaction checking
• Not a write-scaling solution
15

MySQL Cluster
16
Ref: http://anandafit.info/2011/03/29/introduction-to-mysql-clustering/
• The MySQL Server instances
are often called “SQL Nodes”
and have no data themselves
• The Storage NDB Cluster or
“Data Nodes” hold the actual
data.
• Data is sharded across the
NDB Cluster with a
configurable number of replicas
• Massive amount of network
traffic

MySQL Cluster 7.2
• “Carrier Grade MySQL” is becoming more suitable for the generic case
• Lots of improvements
• Multi-threading improvements to data nodes
• Locking improvements on data nodes
• Query planning improvements
• Cross-DC replication improvements
• The big ticket items though are Adaptive Query Localization and Extended index Information
• Pushes what it can to the data nodes themselves, reducing the amount of data
needing to be pulled across the network to the SQL nodes.
• Data Nodes now send more index information to the SQL Nodes, reducing the
number of index hints required
17

And Then There Was Drizzle
• Drizzle 7, the ﬁrst GA release, was pushed last year
• Drizzle 7.2 is on the horizon
• Not exactly a drop-in replacement
• Pluggable
• UTF-8
• IPv6
• Multi-Master Replication based on Google Protobuffers
18

19
• Percona Toolkit
• Every MySQL DBA should have this installed.Allows you to checksum slaves, produce
excellent slow log reports, kill problem queries automatically, sync tables and even
online schema changes.
• Percona Playback
• Allows you to replay the load represented in a slow query log or even a TCPdump of
the MySQL protocol exchange.
• XtraBackup
• Allows you to take a mostly non-blocking binary backup of InnoDB tables.An open
source/free version of InnoDB’s premium backup tool
• OpenArk Kit
• A really massively random set of MySQL utilities.Automatically kill slow queries, clear
master logs based on slave lag, repeat a query until a condition is true...etc.
MySQL Tools

Questions...
20

21
Session Evaluation
Please ﬁll out the session evaluation available online:
http://munich2012.drupal.org/node/add/session-evaluation/1808

MySQL 开发

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