My sql

MY SQL INSTALLATION AND
CONFIGERATION WITH QUERY
BY ,
A.ANANDHA GANESH
(SMK FOMRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)

INTRODUCTION:
MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system,
is developed, distributed, and supported by MySQL AB.
MySQL AB is a commercial company, founded by the MySQL developers.
It is a second generation Open Source company that unites
Open Source values and methodology with a successful business model.

MySQL is a fast, stable and true multiuser,
multithreaded SQL database server.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is the most popular
database query language in the world.
The main goals of MySQL are speed, robustness and ease of use.

Installing MySQL on Linux
It's simple to install MySQL on Linux using the RPM file.
   1. Become the superuser if you are working in your account.
(Type "su" and the prompt and give the root password).
   2. Change to the directory that has the RPM download.
   3. Type the following command at the prompt:
      rpm ivh "mysql_file_name.rpm"
      Similarly you can also install the MySQL client and MySQL development RPMs
if you've downloaded them.
      Alternatively, you can install the RPMs through GnoRPM (found under System).

You can check your configuration using the following command
#netstat tap
Output Looks like below
tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN 4997/mysqld
MySQL comes with no root password as default.
This is a huge security risk. You’ll need to set one.
So that the local computer gets root access as well, you’ll need to
set a password for that too.
The localmachinename is the name of the KonaLink1KonaLink1computer you’re working on.
For more information see here
#mysqladmin u root password yournewpassword
#mysqladmin h root@localmachinename u root p password yournewpassword
#/etc/init.d/mysql restart

4. Now we'll set a password for the root user. Issue the following at the prompt.
mysqladmin u root password mysqldata
where mysqldata is the password for the root. (Change this to anything you like).
5. It is now time to test the programs. Typing the following at the prompt starts
the mysql client program.
mysql u root p
The system
asks for the the password. Type the root password (mysqldata).
If you don't get the prompt for password, it might be because MySQL Server is not running
To start the server, change to
/etc/rc.d/init.d/ directory and issue the command ./mysql start
(or mysql start depending on the value of the PATH variable on your system).
Now invoke mysql client program.

•Configuring Your Application
After creating and testing the database,
you need to inform your application
of the database name,
the IP address of the database client server,
and the username and password of
the application's special MySQL user that will be accessing the data.

Frequently this registration process is done by the editing
of a special applicationspecific configuration file either
via a Web GUI or from the command line.
Read your application's installation guide for details.
You should always remember that MySQL is just a database that your application
will use to store information.
The application may be written in a variety of languages with Perl and PHP being the
most popular. The base PHP and Perl RPMs are installed with Fedora Linux by default,
but the packages used by these languages to talk to MySQL are not.
You should also ensure that you install the RPMs
listed in Table 34.1 on your MySQL clients to ensure compatibility.
Use the yum utility discussed in Chapter 6, "Installing Linux Software",
if you are uncertain of the prerequisite RPMs needed.

Table 34.1 Required PHP and Perl RPMs for MySQL Support
RPM RPM
php-mysql MySQL database specific support for PHP
perl-DBI Provides a generic Perl interface for interacting with
relational databases
perl-DBD-MySQL MySQL database specific support for Perl

BASIC MySQL COMMANDBASIC MySQL COMMAND
* CREATE TABLE syntax
* DROP TABLE syntax
* DELETE syntax
* SELECT syntax
* JOIN syntax
* INSERT syntax
* REPLACE syntax
* UPDATE syntax

BASIC QURIESBASIC QURIES
CREATE TABLECREATE TABLE
         This command is used to create structure of the table.
        SyntaxSyntax:
         Create table <tablename>(list of col
Definition1,....);
     Example:Example:
          Create table emp1 (Emp ID (number(3)
primary key, Name(varchar(20), Age(number(),
DOB(date));

DROP TABLEDROP TABLE
Syntax:Syntax:
    Drop table [if exists]  tbl_name

Explanation:Explanation:
     DROP TABLE removes one or more tables. All table data and
the table definition are removed.You can use the keywords IF
EXISTS to prevent an error from      occurring for tables that
don't exist.

DELETEDELETE
Syntax:
        Delete from <tablename>;
Example:
        Delete from emp1;
Explanation:
      This command is used to delete the rows and column.

SELECT
Syntax:Syntax:
      Select * from <tablename>;
Example:Example:
      Select * from emp1;
Explanation:
      This command is used to describe the structure of the table.

INSERT VALUEINSERT VALUE
  Syntax:
     Insert into <tablename> values (list of values);
  Example:
    Insert into emp1 values (11, Anu, 20,30aug1989);
Explanation:
     This command is used to insert values into the structure of the
table.

REPLACEREPLACE
Syntax:Syntax:
          REPLACE  [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] VALUES
(expression,...)
Explanation:Explanation:
            REPLACE works exactly like INSERT, except that if an old
record in the table has the same value as a new record on a unique
index, the old record is  deleted before the new record is inserted.

UPDATEUPDATESyntax:Syntax:
UPDATE [table] SET [column]=[value] WHERE [criteria]
UPDATE Used_Vehicles SET mileage=66000 WHERE vehicle_id=1;
UPDATE [table] SET [column]=[value] WHERE [criteria]
Example:
UPDATE Used_Vehicles SET mileage=66000 WHERE
vehicle_id=1;
Explanation:
UPDATE updates columns in existing table rows with new
values. The SET clause indicates which columns to modify and the
values they should be given. The WHERE clause, if given,
specifies which rows should be updated. Otherwise all rows are
updated.

ADVANCED COMMANDSADVANCED COMMANDS

AS

ALTER and ADD

UNION JOIN

TEMPORARY Table

TRUNCATE Table

ASAS
Syntax:
   SELECT <columns>FROM <existing_table_name>AS
<new_table_name>
Example:
SELECT t1.name > FROM artists > AS t1;

Explanation:                                                                             It is
used to create a shorthand reference to elements with long
names to make the SQL statements shorter and reduce the
chance of typos in the longer names.

ALTERING THE DATABASE ALTERING THE DATABASE
STRUCTURE AND  ADDING DATASTRUCTURE AND  ADDING DATA
Syntax:
ALATER TABLE tablename
ADD clm_name type
Example:Example:
ALTER TABLE cds
    >  ADD producerID INT(3);

UNION JOINSUNION JOINS
Syntax:
Select <fields>from <table> where <condition> union
SELECT <fields>  FROM <table>WHERE <condition>
Example:
SELECT artist FROM artists WHERE (artists.name LIKE 'P%')
UNION
    SELECT artists.name FROM artists WHERE (artists.name LIKE 'G
%');
Explanation:
         Union Joins allow the results of two queries to be combined
into one outputted result set. This is done by having the 2 (or
more) queries glued together by the UNION operator.

CREATING THE TEMPORARY TABLECREATING THE TEMPORARY TABLE
Definition:
          The syntax for creating temporary tables is almost identical
that used for creating a normal table. Except that there is an extra
TEMPORARY clause.
Syntax:
        CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE <table> (field definition)
            CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE <newtable>SELECT *
FROM <oldtable>

TRUNCATE TABLETRUNCATE TABLE
Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE <table_name>
Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE emp1;

TRUNCATE( )TRUNCATE( )
Syntax:
TRUNCATE(X,D)
Use:
This function is used to return the value of X truncated to D number
of decimal places.

INSERT( )INSERT( )
Syntax:
INSERT(str,pos,len,newstr)
Use:
Returns the string str, with the substring beginning at position pos
and len characters long replaced by the string newstr.

SQL Constraints:
Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table.
Constraints can be specified when a table is created (with the CREATE TABLE
statement) or after the table is created (with the ALTER TABLE statement).
We will focus on the following constraints:
NOT NULL
UNIQUE
PRIMARY KEY
FOREIGN KEY
CHECK
DEFAULT

The TOP Clause
The TOP clause is used to specify the number of records to return.
The TOP clause can be very useful on large tables with thousands of records. Returning a large number of records
can impact on performance.
Note: Not all database systems support the TOP clause.
SQL Server Syntax
SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name
examble:
SELECT TOP 2 * FROM Persons
P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 HansenOla Timoteivn 10 Sandnes
2 Svendson ToveBorgvn 23 Sandnes

The LIKE Operator
The LIKE operator is used to search for a specified pattern in a column.
SQL LIKE Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern
EXAMPLE:
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City LIKE 's%'
P_Id LastName FirstName Address City
1 Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10

To export a database, use the mysqldump utility normally located
in your mysql/bin directory . For example, to export all the
tables and data for a database named guestdb.
Syntax:Syntax:
mysqldump guestdb > guestdb.txt
Exporting a DatabaseExporting a Database

This will create a text file containing all the commands necessary to
recreate all the tables and data found in guestdb. However, what if I
want to export only one table? To do this the command is modified as
follows assuming guestTbl is the table to be exported.
Syntax:
mysqldump guestdb guestTbl > guestdb.txt

With the data in a text file, its time to import the data back into
MySQL. This can be done by passing the commands contained in
the text file into the MySQL client.
For example:
mysql p user=username < guestdb.txt
This passes all the commands in the file into the mysql client just like
you were typing them in.
Importing the DatabaseImporting the Database

My sql

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