MySQL Administration and Monitoring

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MySQL Administration and
Monitoring
Mark Leith
Senior Software Development Manager @
Oracle

Program Agenda
§ Basic Command Line Tools
§ Internal Schemas
§ Backup / Recovery
§ GUI Tools
§ Monitoring

§ Basic Command Line Tools

Standard MySQL Client Programs
mysql MySQL command line/shell for SQL statements
mysqladmin Performing administrative operations. You can use it to check the server's
configuration and current status, to create and drop databases, and more
mysqlcheck Performs table maintenance: It checks, repairs, optimizes, or analyzes tables
mysqldump Used to export a database(s) for backup or transfer to another server. The
dump contains SQL statements to create tables, populate it with data, or both.
Can also generate files in CSV, delimited text, or XML format.
mysqlbinlog Replays Binary Logs for Point In Time recovery
mysqlimport Command-line interface to the LOAD DATA INFILE SQL statement.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/programs-client.html

Standard MySQL Client Programs Options
--host / -h The host where the MySQL Instance is running.
--port / -P The Port that the MySQL Instance is listening on.
--user / -u The User to connect as.
--password / -p The Password for the user.
--defaults-file The my.cnf/my.ini to use to read options from
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/command-line-options.html

MySQL Startup Programs
mysqld The MySQL daemon – can be used to start directly (but has
no “keep alive” in this mode
mysqld_safe Recommended way to start on Unix. Starts angel process for
mysqld daemon.
mysql.server Used on systems (Linux and Solaris) that use System V-style
run directories to start and stop system services. Also used
by Mac OS X
mysqld_multi Manage Multiple MySQL Servers running on different ports or
sockets, with different data directories
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/programs-server.html

§ Internal Schemas

mysql
§ The main system schema (a kind of Data Dictionary)
§ All user and privilege configuration
§ Stored programs (Procedures, Functions, Events)
§ Time Zone information
§ Also in 5.6
– InnoDB Table Index Statistics
– Replication State
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/grant-table-structure.html

INFORMATION_SCHEMA
§ ANSI SQL (SQL:2003) – general access to database metadata
– Tables, indexes, constraints, views, triggers, routines, privileges
etc.
§ Also contains various extensions within MySQL
– Many of these are runtime metadata
– Processlist, system / status variables, InnoDB runtime data
§ System Views (not real views, not real tables, generated on the fly)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/information-schema.html

Performance Schema
§ MySQL's “Wait Interface”
§ Instruments various wait events
– File IO / Table IO / Network IO
– Mutexes (Semaphores) / R/W Locks / Conditions
– Table Locks
– Statements and Stages (connection states of execution)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/performance-schema.html

Performance Schema – Raw Wait Event
mysql> select * from performance_schema.events_waits_history
limit 1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
THREAD_ID: 3
EVENT_ID: 11
END_EVENT_ID: 11
EVENT_NAME: wait/io/file/innodb/innodb_log_file
SOURCE: os0file.cc:5542
TIMER_START: 2543370511043700
TIMER_END: 2543370535624100
TIMER_WAIT: 24580400
SPINS: NULL
...

Performance Schema – Raw Wait Event Cont..
mysql> select * from performance_schema.events_waits_history
limit 1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: /Users/mark/sb/msb_5_7_2/data/ib_logfile0
INDEX_NAME: NULL
OBJECT_TYPE: FILE
OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: 4771328832
NESTING_EVENT_ID: NULL
NESTING_EVENT_TYPE: NULL
OPERATION: write
NUMBER_OF_BYTES: 512
FLAGS: NULL

Performance Schema – Raw Stage Event
mysql> select * from
performance_schema.events_stages_history_long limit 1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
THREAD_ID: 25
EVENT_ID: 5199518
END_EVENT_ID: 5199536
EVENT_NAME: stage/sql/System lock
SOURCE: lock.cc:304
TIMER_START: 280557566125986000
TIMER_END: 280557566190403000
NESTING_EVENT_ID: 5199509
NESTING_EVENT_TYPE: STATEMENT

Performance Schema – Raw Statement Event
performance_schema.events_statements_history_long limit 1G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
THREAD_ID: 24
EVENT_ID: 3923
END_EVENT_ID: 4044
EVENT_NAME: statement/sql/insert_select
SOURCE: mysqld.cc:931
TIMER_START: 251016737474892000
TIMER_END: 251016738730372000
LOCK_TIME: 573000000
...

*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
SQL_TEXT: insert into t2 select * from t1
DIGEST: e6f8db8a3f557ffbb2bf6a7b237cd897
DIGEST_TEXT: INSERT INTO `t2` SELECT * FROM `t1`
CURRENT_SCHEMA: test
OBJECT_TYPE: NULL
OBJECT_SCHEMA: NULL
OBJECT_NAME: NULL
OBJECT_INSTANCE_BEGIN: NULL
...

*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
MYSQL_ERRNO: 0
RETURNED_SQLSTATE: 00000
MESSAGE_TEXT: Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
ERRORS: 0
WARNINGS: 0
ROWS_AFFECTED: 5
ROWS_SENT: 0
ROWS_EXAMINED: 5
...

*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
CREATED_TMP_DISK_TABLES: 0
CREATED_TMP_TABLES: 0
SELECT_FULL_JOIN: 0
SELECT_FULL_RANGE_JOIN: 0
SELECT_RANGE: 0
SELECT_RANGE_CHECK: 0
SELECT_SCAN: 1
...

*************************** 1. row ***************************
...
SORT_MERGE_PASSES: 0
SORT_RANGE: 0
SORT_ROWS: 0
SORT_SCAN: 0
NO_INDEX_USED: 1
NO_GOOD_INDEX_USED: 0
NESTING_EVENT_ID: NULL
NESTING_EVENT_TYPE: NULL

§ Backup / Recovery

MySQL Backup Tools
§ Cold Backup (Offline, Physical)
– Simple file copy when instance down
§ Warm Backup (Locking, Logical)
– mysqldump
§ Standby Copy (Hot swappable)
– MySQL Replication
§ Hot Backup (Online, Physical)
– MySQL Enterprise Backup, mysqlbackup

MySQL Backup Tools – Cold Backup
§ Who wants to do this anyway..?
Moving on....

MySQL Backup Tools – Warm Backup
§ Advantages for mysqldump
– Good for small databases / tables
– Logical, so more flexible and portable
§ Disadvantages for mysqldump
– Single thread for dump and restore, slow for larger instances
– Not online, requires a transaction (for InnoDB) or global lock
(for all other non-transactional tables)
– Not incremental (needs binary logs as well, complex recovery)

MySQL Backup Tools – Hot Standby
§ Advantages for MySQL Replication
– Rolling snapshot
– Very quick failover
– Standby can be used for other backup types
§ Disadvantages for MySQL Replication
– Only latest point in time (can use delayed replication with 5.6)
– Not incremental (needs binary logs as well, complex recovery)
– Can't archive (offsite, though can have an offsite standby)

MySQL Backup Tools – Hot Backup
§ Advantages for MySQL Enterprise Backup
– Physical Backup, so very quick (especially restore)
– Ties in natively with Oracle Secure Backup to Tape (SBT)
– Multi-Thread for Performance
– Incremental Backups available
– Compression Built-In
§ Disadvantages for MySQL Enterprise Backup
– No logical option (good to have a periodic mysqldump too)

§ GUI Tools

MySQL Workbench
§ General purpose DBA / Developer Tool
– MySQL Instance Administration
– SQL Development
– Data Modeling
§ Commercial Extensions
– Audit Log Inspection
– Hot Backup

MySQL Workbench – Instance Overview

MySQL Workbench – Current Connections

MySQL Workbench – User Management

MySQL Workbench – Config Management

MySQL Workbench – Modeling

MySQL Workbench – Online Backup

§ Monitoring

MySQL Enterprise Monitor
§ Distributed Monitoring for
MySQL Environments
§ Intelligent analysis of key
metrics / configuration
§ Historical reporting
§ Query Analysis

MEM – Overview Dashboard

MEM - Advisors

MEM - Events

MEM – Event Details

MEM – Timeseries Graphs

MEM – Query Analysis Overview

MEM – Query Analysis Query Details

§ Questions?

MySQL Administration and Monitoring

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