MySQL Storage Engines - which do you use? TokuDB? MyRocks? InnoDB?
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The document discusses the evolution of MySQL storage engines, detailing the introduction of various engines like MyISAM, InnoDB, TokuDB, and MyRocks, and their respective features and optimizations. Key changes began with version 3.23 and continued to evolve, particularly notable in version 5.1 with the introduction of a pluggable storage engine API. It highlights the advantages and use cases of these engines, emphasizing flexibility and performance for different workloads.
MySQL Storage Engines - which do you use? TokuDB? MyRocks? InnoDB?
- 1. MySQL Storage Engines Which Do You Use? April, 25, 2017 Sveta Smirnova
- 2. • MySQL Support engineer • Author of • MySQL Troubleshooting • JSON UDF functions • FILTER clause for MySQL • Speaker • Percona Live, OOW, Fosdem, DevConf, HighLoad... Sveta Smirnova 2
- 3. • MySQL < 3.23 had only engine: ISAM From Type to Engine 3
- 4. • MySQL < 3.23 had only engine: ISAM • Version 3.23 introduced table types mysql> CREATE TABLE plmce( -> id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -> name VARCHAR(100) -> ) TYPE = MyISAM; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec) From Type to Engine 3
- 5. • MySQL < 3.23 had only engine: ISAM • Version 3.23 introduced table types • In year 2003 term ”Type” was deprecated From Type to Engine 3
- 6. • MySQL < 3.23 had only engine: ISAM • Version 3.23 introduced table types • In year 2003 term ”Type” was deprecated • Engines were built-in into server From Type to Engine 3
- 7. • MySQL < 3.23 had only engine: ISAM • Version 3.23 introduced table types • In year 2003 term ”Type” was deprecated • Engines were built-in into server • Nobody could deliver engine independently From Type to Engine 3
- 8. • MySQL < 3.23 had only engine: ISAM • Version 3.23 introduced table types • In year 2003 term ”Type” was deprecated • Engines were built-in into server • Nobody could deliver engine independently • Version 5.1 changed everything • Pluggable storage engine API was introduced From Type to Engine 3
- 9. • Part of MySQL since version 3.23.24 • Released at March, 10, 2001 InnoDB 4
- 10. • Part of MySQL since version 3.23.24 • Created by Innobase OY • Acquired by Oracle in 2005 InnoDB 4
- 11. • Part of MySQL since version 3.23.24 • Created by Innobase OY • Major changes in 5.1 • New tablespace format • Dynamic loading • Online index creation • ... • Released as a plugin InnoDB 4
- 12. • Part of MySQL since version 3.23.24 • Created by Innobase OY • Major changes in 5.1 • Two versions in 5.1.38 - 5.1.73 Built-in Pluggable InnoDB 4
- 13. • Many others started own storage engines Pioneers 5
- 14. • Many others started own storage engines • Most notable • Tokutek • Primebase Pioneers 5
- 15. • Many others started own storage engines • Most notable • Tokutek TokuDB Write-scale Acquired by Percona in 2015 • Primebase Pioneers 5
- 16. • Many others started own storage engines • Most notable • Tokutek TokuDB Write-scale Acquired by Percona in 2015 • Primebase PBXT Better BLOB handling technology Engine not supported now Pioneers 5
- 17. • Built-in engines were converted into plugins • Some old engines were removed • BerkeleyDB • ISAM In the Official Distribution 6
- 18. • Number of engine grows • They can • Shard: Spider • Use any source of data: CONNECT • Connect to foreign sources: FederatedX • Perform full text search: SphinxSE • More • MariaDB includes most of the engines Community 7
- 19. • All engines • Store data • Retrieve data Simple and Complex Engines 8
- 20. • All engines • Simple engines • Use built-ins for all other job Locking Transactions support Diagnostic Simple and Complex Engines 8
- 21. • All engines • Simple engines • Complex engines • Implement Own locking model Transactions Diagnostic Log files More Simple and Complex Engines 8
- 22. • All three • Transactional • Row-level locking • MVCC • ACID • XA • Automatic crash recovery Three Majors: InnoDB, TokuDB, MyRocks 9
- 23. • All three • InnoDB • Universal • Default since 5.5.5 Three Majors: InnoDB, TokuDB, MyRocks 9
- 24. • All three • InnoDB • TokuDB • Write optimized • Fine compression support • Best for big data Three Majors: InnoDB, TokuDB, MyRocks 9
- 25. • All three • InnoDB • TokuDB • MyRocks • Write and space optimized • Great compression support • Best for SSD Three Majors: InnoDB, TokuDB, MyRocks 9
- 26. • B-Tree • Extremely fast read access • Needs to be re-balanced on write InnoDB 10
- 27. • B-Tree • Reach features set • Foreign keys • Locks at the engine level Row Gap Auto-increment Table • Compression • Extended crash recovery InnoDB 10
- 28. • Initial Data 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 29. • SELECT 11 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 30. • SELECT 10 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 31. • SELECT 2 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 32. • SELECT 9 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 33. • INSERT 5 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 5 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 34. • INSERT 5 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 5 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 35. • INSERT 5 11 / 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 5 9 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 36. • INSERT 5 11 / 9 10 12 / 2 24 / / 1 5 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 37. • INSERT 5 10 11 / 9 12 / 2 24 / / 1 5 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 38. • INSERT 5 10 / 9 12 / / 2 11 24 / / 1 5 23 25 B-Tree 11
- 39. • Fractal Tree • Write optimized • All writes stored in buffers • Background thread flushes them • By default reads are slow TokuDB 12
- 40. • Fractal Tree • Optimizations for reads • Secondary Clustered Indexes • Read-free replication • No index fragmentation TokuDB 12
- 41. • Fractal Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Fast inserts • Bulk loader • Compression TokuDB 12
- 42. • Fractal Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Other features and limitations • Reach set of locking diagnostic • No foreign key support • Crash recovery is limited if compare to InnoDB TokuDB 12
- 43. • LSM Tree • Write and space optimized • All writes go to MemTable and WAL first • Data files are immutable • Compaction • Designed for small transactions MyRocks 13
- 44. • LSM Tree • Optimizations for reads • Bloom filter • ICP • No ”index dives” • Reverse column families • Read-free replication MyRocks 13
- 45. • LSM Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Options for bulk operations • Compression MyRocks 13
- 46. • LSM Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Limitations • Two transaction isolation levels READ COMMITTED REPEATABLE READ MyRocks 13
- 47. • LSM Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Limitations • Two transaction isolation levels • No gap locking • No support for Foreigh Keys Full Text Keys Spatial Keys MyRocks 13
- 48. • LSM Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Limitations • Two transaction isolation levels • No gap locking • No support for • Index only access for limited types BINARY Collation latin1 bin Collation utf8 bin MyRocks 13
- 49. • LSM Tree • Optimizations for reads • Optimizations for writes • Limitations • Two transaction isolation levels • No gap locking • No support for • Index only access for limited types • Crash recovery is limited MyRocks 13
- 50. InnoDB TokuDB MyRocks Reads Fast Slow Slow Writes Comparatively Slow Fast Fast Transaction Isolation Levels 4 4 2 (RR, RC) Foreign Keys Yes Not Not Space Used Plenty Workload-depend Small Compression Yes Yes Yes Crash Recovery Automatic, Tunable Automatic Automatic Three Majors: comparison 14
- 51. • MySQL has many storage engines • They provide a lot of flexibility • Many extend server functionality • Simple and complex engines exist • InnoDB is feasible for most workloads • TokuDB and MyRocks are best for write intensive applications Summary 15
- 52. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • MyRocks Engineering: deploying a new MySQL storage engine to production • Herman Lee MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 53. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • April, 26, 11:10am, Room 203 • EVCache: Lowering Costs for a Low-Latency Cache with RocksDB • Scott Mansfield MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 54. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • April, 26, 11:10am, Room 203 • April, 26, 2:00pm, Balroom C • MyRocks: best practice at Alibaba • dengcheng he, jiayi wang MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 55. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • April, 26, 11:10am, Room 203 • April, 26, 2:00pm, Balroom C • April, 26, 2:00pm, Room 203 • Six New Important RocksDB Features And Planned Works • Siying Dong MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 56. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • April, 26, 11:10am, Room 203 • April, 26, 2:00pm, Balroom C • April, 26, 2:00pm, Room 203 • April, 26, 4:30pm, Ballroom E • Using SPIDER for sharding in production • Kayoko GOTO, Kentoku SHIBA MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 57. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • April, 26, 11:10am, Room 203 • April, 26, 2:00pm, Balroom C • April, 26, 2:00pm, Room 203 • April, 26, 4:30pm, Ballroom E • April, 27, 11:00am, Ballroom E • MariaRocks: MyRocks in MariaDB • Sergei Petrunia MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 58. • April, 25, 5:15pm, Balroom B • April, 26, 11:10am, Room 203 • April, 26, 2:00pm, Balroom C • April, 26, 2:00pm, Room 203 • April, 26, 4:30pm, Ballroom E • April, 27, 11:00am, Ballroom E • April, 27, 1:50pm, Ballroom A • TokuDB vs RocksDB • George Lorch, Vladislav Lesin MySQL Storage Engine Sessions at Percona Live 16
- 59. • InnoDB Documentation • TokuDB Documentation • MyRocks Wiki • MySQL User manual on storage engines • Experts MySQL • MySQL 5.1 Plugin Development More informaiton 17