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NADPH and its uses
NADPH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. It is necessary for vital anabolic processes like fatty acid, sterol, hormone, and bile salt synthesis. The major source of NADPH is the pentose phosphate pathway. NADPH is used as an electron donor for reductive biosynthesis unlike NADH which transfers oxygen. It is also used in the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system for hydroxylating steroid hormones and vitamin D, in the NADPH oxidase system for phagocytosis by white blood cells, in the synthesis of nitric oxide, and for reducing hydrogen peroxide and preventing methemoglobinemia. Deficiency in NADPH
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Introduction to NADPH, its objectives, and distinction from NADH.
Definition of NADPH and its crucial role in anabolic processes, alongside comparison with NADH.
The independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes regarding NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH ratios.
Diverse uses of NADPH in biosynthesis, Cytochrome P450 system, phagocytosis, nitric oxide synthesis, and methemoglobin reduction.
Discussion on G6PD deficiency, its impact on red blood cells, and reasons for RBC vulnerability due to reliance on NADPH production.
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NADPH and its uses
- 1. NADPH & ItsUses Prepared by: Anish Dhakal [email protected]
- 2. Objectives • NADPH • Rationaleof two distinct reducing equivalents NADH & NADPH • Uses of NADPH 2
- 3. What is NADPH? •Reduced form of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate • Necessity of Vital Anabolic Processes • Major source is Pentose Phosphate Pathway • Deficiency unequivocally subjects cell to oxidative stress 3
- 4. NADH Vs NADPH??? • Two distinct redox cofactors prevent futile metabolic cycles (synthesis & degradation of molecule of interest) • Phosphate group enables reducing agents to recognize two separate set of enzymes 4
- 5. How are theyregulated ??? • Anabolic and Catabolic Processes are controlled independently • NAD/NADH ratio is high to supply enough oxidants for catabolic process • NADP/NADPH ratio is low to supply enough NADPH to power anabolic process 5
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- 7. Reductive Biosynthesis • Electrondonor for synthesis of Fatty acids, sterols, hormones and bile salts • Unlike its catabolic counterpart which transfers oxygen, its electrons are used exclusively for reductive biosynthesis 7
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- 9. Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase System Mitochondral •HydroxylateSteroid hormones & Vitamin D Microsomal • Detoxification of Xenobiotic for two sole purposes 9
- 10. Phagocytosis by WBCs • Oxygendependent • Include MPO system • Involves the enzyme NADPH oxidase 10
- 11. Synthesis of NitricOxide 11
- 12. Prevention of Methemoglobin •Methemoglobin constitutes Ferric form of Fe unable to transport oxygen • NADPH mediated reaction with enzyme Methemoglobin reductase reduces it to normal hemoglobin 12
- 13. Reduction of HydrogenPeroxide 13
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- 16. G6PD Deficiency: Occursin all cells Why RBC to suffer??? 16
- 17. RBC are justmore vulnerable • Only mechanism for NADPH production in RBCs is Pentose Phosphate Pathway • No nucleus or ribosomes to renew the supply of enzymes • Other cells have enzymes like NADP linked malate dehydrogenase for NADPH synthesis 17
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