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Nano medicine and drug delivery in biomedical imaging
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- 2. Source: http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/15jan_nano.htm Source: http://foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Gallery/index.html ArteryCleaner Virus Seeking Probes Nano-Robots Replacing Neurons Source: http://www.e-spaces.com/Portfolio/trans/blood/index.html Why Nanomedicine? • Nanotechnology offers great advancements to medicine • There is still a lot to be learned about the human body and nanotechnology offers a lot of help.
- 3. Nano-Technology applied to Cancer Advantagesof Nanoscale devices in Medicine • Devices smaller than 50 nm can easily enter most cells • Devices smaller than 20 nm can transit out of blood vessels • Devices are capable of holding thousands of small molecules • Contrast Agents • Drugs Major Areas of Development of Nanomedicine • Prevention and control • Early detection • Imaging diagnostics • Multifunctional Therapeutics
- 4. Nanoparticles Reference: Ed Neuwelt,Oregon Health Sciences University
- 5. Nanoparticle Contrast AgentsUnder Development Quantum Dots • unique optical and electronic properties such as: • size and composition • tunable fluorescence emission from visible to infrared wavelengths • large absorption coefficients across a wide spectral • range and very high levels of brightness and photo stability • colloidal quantum dots are the size of a typical protein Taken From: The use of nanocrystals in biological detecion, Paul Alivisatos
- 6. In vivo CancerTargeting and Imaging with Quantum Dots A summary of the report published by Xiaohu Gao, Richard M Levenson, Leland W K Chung & Shumming Nie Probe Design Tumor Targeting
- 7. Behavior of QuantumDots in Animals Histological Examination of QD Uptake Quantum Dots in Live Mouse
- 8. Behavior of QuantumDots in Animals Quantum Dots vs Organic Dyes
- 9. Nanoparticle Contrast AgentsUnder Development Photonic Crystals Taken From: The use of nanocrystals in biological detecion, Paul Alivisatos
- 10. Nanoshells Reference: Jennifer West,Rice University
- 11. Properties of GoldNanoshells • “Tunability” of the optical resonance Nanoshell-Enabled Photonics-Based Imaging and Therapy of Cancer, Christopher Loo, B.S.1, Alex Lin, B.S.1, Leon Hirsch, B.S.1,Min-Ho Lee, M.S.1,Jennifer Barton, Ph.D.2,Naomi Halas, Ph.D.3,JenniferWest, Ph.D.1,Rebekah Drezek, Ph.D.1
- 12. Larger diameter nanoshellsused for Imaging Smaller diameter nanoshells used for photothermal therapy applications 120 nm radius and 35 nm shell thickness 100 nm radius and 20 nm shell thickness 60 nm radius and 10 nm shell Nanoshell-Enabled Photonics-Based Imaging and Therapy of Cancer, Christopher Loo, B.S.1, Alex Lin, B.S.1, Leon Hirsch, B.S.1,Min-Ho Lee, M.S.1,Jennifer Barton, Ph.D.2,Naomi Halas, Ph.D.3,JenniferWest, Ph.D.1,Rebekah Drezek, Ph.D.1 Images of Nanoshells
- 13. Nanowire Sensor Reference: JimHeath, California Institute of Technology
- 14. Silicon Nanowire Carbon Nanotube ConductanceGraphs Taken From: The use of nanocrystals in biological detecion, Paul Alivisatos Nano-Wires in Biosensing
- 15. Nanoscale Cantilevers Reference: ArunMajumdar, University of California at Berkeley Cantilevers can be used as detectors of molecules. In this example specific molecules are attached to the cantilevers. The molecules selected are molecules that will bind to a specific molecule. When that molecule binds to the cantilever it changes the physical properties of the cantilever and that change can be detected. A team at the California Institute of Technology is using tiny cantilevers to probe molecular bonds.
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- 17. Nanocrystals as Fluorescent BiologicalLabels Bruchez, M. Jr., M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, and A.P. Alivisatos. 1998. Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels. Science 281:2013-2016. Chan, W.C.W., and S.M. Nie. 1998. Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection. Science 281:2016-2018. http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/chapter08.pdf 3.5 nm crystals bound to cell nucleus
- 18. NanoBMI Biofunctional devices basedon magnetic nanoparticles •Delivery and controlled release of therapeutics •Bioswitches for organ function •Imaging Charles Seeney President of NanoBMI http://www.nanobmi.com
- 19. Tissue Engineering •Nano/micro particles,including living animal cells, bacteria, and colloidal gold (100 nm), can be optically guided and deposited in arbitrarily defined three-dimensional arrays, a process called “laser-guided direct-writing.” Odde, D.J. and M.J. Renn. 1998. Laser-based direct-write lithography of cells. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 26:S-141. http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/chapter08.pdf
- 20. DNA Chips Yeast cellswere grown under various conditions; the amount of red or yellow light represents the level of RNA produced from the DNA in that gene, under those conditions. Brown, P. 1999. http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/yeastchip.html http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/chapter08.pdf
- 21. Detection of Chemicaland Biological Warfare Agents One technique uses atomic force microscopy with a sandwich immunoassay attaching magnetic beads to a microfabricated cantilever sensitive to small displacements. J. Murday, Colton, R. 1999. (Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory). http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/chapter08.pdf
- 22. BioCOM Chip •Three cantileverscoated with three different antibodies, are exposed to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) •The left cantilever bends as PSA binds to the anti-PSA antibody on the cantilever •The other cantilevers do not bend because their antibodies do not bind to PSA. Min Yue, Katherine Dunphy, Henry Lin, Srinath Satyanarayana (http://www.nano.me.berkeley.edu/)
- 23. Future Possiblities: Oxygen SelectivePump http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/
- 24. Respirocytes: A Mechanical ArtificalRed Blood Cell •Bloodborne spherical 1-micron diamondoid 1000-atm pressure vessel •Active pumping powered by endogenous serum glucose •Able to deliver 236 times more oxygen to the tissues per unit volume than natural red cells and to manage carbonic acidity http://www.foresight.org/Nanomedicine/Respirocytes.html
- 25. Fixing Damaged BloodCells http://bionano.rutgers.edu/mru.html
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