NANO TECHNOLOGY IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

NANO TECHNOLOGY IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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  NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DRUG DELIVERYSYSTEM By SATHISHKUMAR G ([email protected])
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  IINTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is theengineering and manufacturing of materials at the atomic and molecular scale resulting into the construction of structures in the nanometre scale size range (often 100 nm or smaller), without changing unique properties.
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  Applications of Nano-biotechnology intherapeutics  Medical diagnostic tool and sensors  Drug delivery  Pharmacocatalysis  Medical imaging
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  Nanoparticles for DrugDelivery Different types of nanoparticles drug delivery system:  Metal based nanoparticles –Au, Ag, Cd-Se, Zn- S  Lipid based nanoparticles-liposomes and neosome  Polymer based nanoparticles- Dendrimer, Micelle  Biological nanoparticles-Bovine-albumin serum based
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  Brain-The ultimate targetfor drug delivery  Blood Brain Barrier –layer of endothelial cell(over surface brain capillaries)  Endothelial cell fit tightly together and substances cannot pass out of the bloodstream  Such obstacles can be overcome by nanotechnology
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  Lipid nanoparticles It isa colloidal drug carrier ranges from(10- 1000nm) Unique properties  Small size, large surface area  High drug loading  Less toxicity and more biocompatible  Protection of drug from degradation
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  Liposomes Liposomes are cellsassembling spherical close colloidal structure composed of lipid bilayers that surround a central aqueous space  Encapsulation of hydrophilic & hydrophobic drugs  Less toxicity &immunogenicity
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  Dendrimer Dendrimers have atree-like structure with many branches where a variety of molecules,including drug can be attached
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  Nanoshells Absorption of lightby nanoshells creates an intense heat that is lethal  Fluorescent diagnostic labels  Enhancing photo luminescence  Preparation of bio conjugates  Gold nanoshells used in cancer therapy
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  Nanofibres Nanofibres are carbonvapour grown, self-assembled from peptide amphiphiles or electrospun from most polymer materials.  Electrospun continuous nanofibres are unique and safety to manufacture
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  Micelles They have ananosize,easy manipulation of surface chemistry,core functionalities,as well as ease of fabrication,making them suitable as carriers for encapsulation and delivery of water polymeric micelles used in cancer treatment
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  Nano capsules Nano capsulesare dispersed polymer. Nano capsules can serve as nano-sized drug carriers to achieve controlled release as well as efficient drug targeting.
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  Advantages By these drugcarrier  Uniform delivery of drug  Ability to sustain the release of drug  Prevent the drug from biological degradation  Delivery of drugs at cellular & nuclear level
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  Problems faced indrug delivery  Poor oral bioavailability related to physicochemical problems  Limitation to inhalation were dose molecular weight and cost of sophisticated dose form