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NANO TECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology has potential applications for cancer detection and treatment. It involves engineering systems at the molecular scale, smaller than 100 nanometers. This small size allows nanodevices to enter cells and detect diseases. Researchers are developing nanoparticles linked to antibodies that can seek out and destroy cancer cells through heat ablation. Nanotechnology may improve cancer treatment by targeting cancer cells directly without harming healthy cells. While it offers advantages like increased detection and more effective therapies, challenges remain around toxicity, targeting specificity, and moving applications from research to human trials. Overall, nanotechnology shows promise for transforming cancer treatment if these challenges can be addressed.
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NANO TECHNOLOGY
- 1. ITS ROLE INCANCER DETECTION AND TREATMENT Presented by :- ER. ANKUR PRAKASH SINGH NANOTECHNOLOGY
- 2. Topics • Introduction • History •Cancer detection and treatment using nanotechnological devices Cancer ▫ Causes of cancer • Applications of nanoparticles ▫ Nanoparticles are small enough to enter cells ▫ Nanodevices can improve cancer detection ▫ Nanoshells as cancer therapy ▫ Improving cancer treatment • Advantages Advantage of nanotechnology treatment • Disadvantages • Conclusion • Future of nanotechnology
- 3. Introduction Nanotechnology isthe engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on the nano- scale.
- 4. A nanometer is… One billionth of a meter Nanoscale Human hair: approx. 1x105 nmDNA sample: approx. 2 nm
- 5. The firstever concept was presented in 1959 by the famous professor of physics dr. Richard P.Feynman. Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery of fullerene(c60) in 1985 lead to the emergence Of nanotechnology. The term “nano-technology" had been coined by norio taniguchi in 1974 History
- 6. Cancer detection andtreatment using nanotechnological devices
- 7. Cancer Cancer is aclass of diseases characterized by out-of- control cell growth. Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors. Tumor in breast tumor in colon
- 8. Causes of cancer Externalfactors – chemicals, radiation, viruses, and lifestyle Internal factors – hormones, immune conditions, and inherited mutations Cellular change
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- 10. Nanoparticles are Small enoughto enter cells Cell White blood cell Water molecule Nanodevices Nanoparticles -Most animal cells are 10,000 to 20,000 nanometers in diameter. Nanoscale devices (less than 100 nanometers) can enter cells and the organelles inside them to interact with dna and proteins. Tools developed through nanotechnology may be able to detect disease in a very small amount of cells or tissue. They may also be able to enter and monitor cells within a living body.
- 11. Nanodevices can improvecancer detection Detection of cancer at early stages is a critical step in improving cancer treatment. Currently, detection and diagnosis of cancer usually depend on changes in cells and tissues that are detected by a doctor’s physical touch or imaging expertise.
- 12. Nanoshells as cancertherapy Researchers can already link nanoshells to antibodies that recognize cancer cells. Scientists envision letting these nanoshells seek out their cancerous targets, then applying near-infrared light. In laboratory cultures, the heat generated by the light- absorbing nanoshells has successfully killed tumor cells while leaving neighboring cells intact.
- 13. Improving cancer treatment NanotechnologytreatmentTraditional treatment Intact noncancerous cells Noncancerous cells Toxins Nanodevices Cancer Cells Dead noncancerous cells Noncancerous cells Drugs Dead Cancer Cells Dead Cancer Cells Toxins Cancer Cells
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- 15. Advantages of nanotechnology treatment Nanoscale devices have the potential to radically change cancer therapy for the better and to dramatically increase the number of highly effective therapeutic agents Nanotechnology may also be useful for developing ways to eradicate cancer cells without harming healthy, neighboring cells.
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- 17. Disadvantages Cancer targetingis highly dependent on surface chemistry. Not just any nanoparticle will work. The need for biocompatible and stable nanoparticles Side-effects and toxicity Environmental impact Uncharted territory
- 18. Conclusion -Different typesof cancer cells have unique properties that can be exploited by nanoparticles to target the cancer cells -nanoparticles can be used to detect and to treat cancer (by heat ablation, chemotherapy, gene therapy). -No human trials have been performed yet and human trials are still at least a few years away. (Unknown side effects, toxicity, difficulty in manufacturing and harmful byproducts, need for highly specific nanoparticles
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