Nanoparticulate drug delivery system : recent advances

Presented by - Miss . Gayatri H. Tiwaskar
B . Pharm final year
Guided by – Dr. Vidya Sabale, Professor
Dadasaheb Balpande College Of Pharmacy , Besa,
Nagpur , 440037
1

 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 BASICS
 TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES
 LITERARURE REVIEW
 NANOPARTICULATE DRUD DELIVERY
SYSTEM
 TYPES
 APPLICATIONS
 FORMULATION
 METHODS
 MECHANISM
 EVALUATION
 REFERENCES
2

Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles consisting of macromolecular
substances that vary in size from 10nm to 1,000 nm.
The drug of interest is dissolved, entrapped, adsorbed attached or encapsulated
into the Nanoparticle matrix.
Depending upon the method of preparation, Nanoparticles, nanospheres or Nano
capsules can be obtained with different properties and release characteristics for
the encapsulated therapeutic agent .
3

Nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle were
first developed by Spieser and co-workers in
the late 1960s.
Early 1970s the cross linked polyacrylamide
nanoparticles were produced.
Scheffel et al. developed a process for
production of radiolabelled albumin particles
for imaging purpose in nuclear medicines.
Widder et al incorporated magnetic particles
into the nanoparticles for targeting of these
particles by means of magnetic field
4

NANOTECHNOLOGY comprises technological
developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100
nm. Nanotechnology, the science of the small. Nano is Greek
for dwarf, and nanoscience deals with the study of molecular
and atomic particles.
The application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical field
includes formulation of Nanoparticles, Nanosuspension,
Nanospheres, Nanocapsules, and Nanoemulsion.
5

NANOSUSPENSIONS : They are colloidal dispersions of
nanosized drug particle that are produced by suitable
method and stabilized by suitable stabilizer .
NANOPARTICLES : They are solid colloidal particles
sized from 30-100 nm .
NANOSPHERES : Polymer matrices in which drug is
dissolved or dispersed .
NANOCAPSULES : Consists of polymer wall
entrapping an oily core in which the drug is dissolved
6

Authors Name and Year Aim / Title / Work Observation and
Conclusions
1. - Yogita patil sen
- 2018
Nanoparticles : Smart drug delivery
system
nanoparticles have proven to
provide an excellent drug carrier
system for smart and targeted
delivery. By clever engineering it has
been possible to manufacture and
fabricate various types of
nanoparticles, each with its own
advantages and suitability for
nanotechnology applications.
2. -Jayanta Kumar Patra , Gitishree
Das, Leonardo Fernandes
Fraceto
- 2018
Nano based drug delivery systems:
recent developments and future
prospects
The present review discusses the
recent advances in nanomedicines,
including technological progresses in
the delivery of old and new drugs as
well as novel diagnostic
methodologies.
3. -Jiemin Wang, Xiongbin Hu &
Daxiong Xiang
- 2018
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems:
an excellent carrier for tumor peptide
vaccines
The application of nano drug
delivery system to tumor vaccine has
become the focus of anti-tumor
vaccine research. It plays an
important role in improving the
immune effect of anti-tumor vaccine
and overcoming the
immunosuppression
8

4. - Abdullah Maleki,
Ali Reza Karimpour, Solmaz Maleki
- 2017
The role of mechanical
engineering in the development
of nano drug delivery systems; a
review
The present study aimed to
collect useful evidence from the
scientific literature regarding the
role of mechanical engineering in
designing nano-based
pharmaceutical delivery systems.
5. C.Karuppusamy, and P.Venkatesan
- 2017
Role of Nanoparticles in Drug
Delivery System : A
Comprehensive review
Nanocarriers as drug delivery
systems are designed to improve
the pharmacological and
therapeutic properties of
conventional drugs.
6. Mukarram Anees,Muhammad Irfan
Masoo, Mahwish ilyas, Talib Hussain
- 2016
NANOPARTICLES AS A NOVEL
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A
Review
The nanoparticles have wide range
of applications as drug carriers, and
targeting specific site in the body.
7. Sriharitha, Preethi J, Hemanth Swaroop
- 2014
A Review on Nanoparticles in
Targeted Drug Delivery System
Novel drug delivery systems plays
a major role in site specific drug
delivery (Targeted drug delivery)
compared to conventional dosage
forms due to its advantages in site
specificity and stability.
9

8. Suresh Sagadevan, Mathan
Periasamy
- 2013
A REVIEW ON ROLE OF
NANOSTRUCTURES IN DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM
Nanomedicine is the application of
nanostructures in an innovative way
to develop new approaches and
therapies. Products of nanotechnology
are expected to revolutionize modern
medicine, as evidenced by recent
scientific advances and global
initiatives
9. Ashara Kalpesh C.,Paun Jalpa
S.,Soniwala M.M.,Chavada
J.R.,Badjatiya J.K
- 2013
NANOPARTICULATE DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM: A NOVEL
APPROACH
Nanoparticles are used very much
because of more bioavailability of drug
as compare to conventional formulations
almost 3 to 4 folds increment of
bioavailability as compare to original so
Nanoparticles are used very much in
pharmaceutical sciences & various
faculties of sciences as well .
10. Prabhjot kaur, Loveleenpreet kaur
and MU. Khan
- 2012
NANOPARTICLES AS A NOVEL
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A
REVIEW
Nanoparticulate systems have great
potentials, being able to convert poorly
soluble, poorly absorbed and labile
biological active substance into
promising deliverable drugs.
11. Natarajan Jawahar, Meyyanathan SN
- 2012
Polymeric nanoparticles for drug
delivery and targeting: A comprehensive
review
Nanotechnology is an exciting novel
field with hopes for improvements in
wide variety of uses in drug delivery in
pharmaceutical research.
10

12. Sandeep Singh, Vivek Kumar
Pandey, Ravi Prakash Tewari and
Vishnu Agarwal
- 2011
Nanoparticle based drug delivery
system: Advantages and
applications
Nanoparticle mediated drug
delivery is going to have a great
potential impact on the society. It
will drastically improve patient's
quality of life associated with
healthcare, early detection of
pathologic conditions, reduce the
severity of disease and result in
improved clinical outcome for the
patient.
13. Shakywar Yogesh, Dwivedi
Sumeet, Gupta Shailesh
A comprehensive review on
nanoparticle drug delivery system
The Nanocomposites 2000
conference has revealed clearly the
property advantages that
nanomaterial additives can provide in
comparison to both their
conventional filler counterparts and
base polymer.
11

Nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems (NPDDSs) are
being explored for the purpose of solving the challenges of
drug delivery.
Coming in many shapes and sizes, most carriers are less
than 100 nm in diameter.
NPDDSs provide methods for targeting and releasing
therapeutic compounds in much defined regions.
12

These vehicles have the potential to eliminate or at
least ameliorate many problems associated with drug
distribution.
As many drugs have a hydrophobic component,
they often suffer from problems of precipitation in
high concentration, and there are many examples of
toxicity issues with excipients designed to prevent
drug aggregation.
To combat these issues, many NPDDSs provide
both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments,
which facilitate drug solubility.
13

 Nanoparticulate drug delivery system for oral
administration.
 Nanoparticulate aerosol drug delivery system .
 Nanoparticulate drug delivery system for topical
administration.
 Parentral Nanoparticulate drug delivery system.
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Nanotechnology in Chemotherapy
Nanotechnology in Cancer
Nanotechnology in Diabetes
Nanotechnology in CVS Disorders
Nanotechnology in CNS Disorders
Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair & Regeneration
Nanotechnology in Surgery
Nanotechnology in Organ Transplantation
Nanotechnology to Deliver Nutrition supplements
Nanotechnology in cosmetics
NPDDS for proteins and peptides
Ocular applications of NPDDS
NPDDS for pulmonary treatment
NPDDS for central nervous system
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In this method, the polymer is dissolved in an organic as
solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform or ethyl acetate
which is also used the solvent for dissolving the hydrophobic
drug.
The mixture of polymer and drug solution is then emulsified
in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant or emulsifying
agents to form an oil in water (o/w) emulsion.
20

After the formation of stable emulsion, the organic
solvent is evaporated either by reducing the pressure
or by continuous stirring.
Particle size was found to be influenced by the type
and concentrations of stabilizer, homogenizer speed
and polymer concentration.
In order to produce small particle size, often a high-
speed homogenization or ultrasonication may be
employed.
21

Polymerization method
In this method, monomers are polymerized to form
nanoparticle in an aqueous solution.
Drug is incorporated either by being dissolved in the
polymerization medium or by adsorption onto the
nanoparticles after polymerization completed.
The nanoparticle suspension is then purified to remove
various stabilizers and surfactants employed for
polymerization by ultracentrifugation and re-suspending the
particles in an isotonic surfactant-free medium.
This technique has been reported for making
polybutylcyanoacrylate or poly ( alkylcyanoacrylate)
nanoparticles.
22

The preparation of nanoparticles using biodegradable
hydrophilic polymers such as chitosan, gelatin and sodium
alginate.
Calvo and co-workers developed a method for preparing
hydrophilic chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation.
In this method, positively charged amino-group of
chitosan interacts with negative charged tripolyphosphate
to form coacervates with a size in the range of nanometer.
23

The nanoparticles were separated from the aqueous medium by
ultracentrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 30 min at 5c.
 Then the resulting supernatant solution was decanted and dispersed into
phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4.
Thus the procedure was repeated twice to remove the unentrapped drug
molecules completely.
The amount of drug entrapped in the nanoparticles was determined as the
difference between the total amount of drug used to prepare the
nanoparticles and the amount of drug present in the aqueous medium.
26

The nanoparticles were subjected to microscopic
examination (SEM) for characterization size.
The nanosuspension was characterized by SEM before
going for evaluation; the nanosuspension was lyophilized to
form solid particles.
The solid particles were coated with platinum alloy using a
sputter coater.
27

Particle size and size distribution are the most important
characteristics of nanoparticle systems.
They determine the in vivo distribution, biological fate,
toxicity and targeting ability of nanoparticle system.
In addition, they can also influence the drug loading, drug
release and stability of nanoparticles.
Currently, the faster and most routine method of determining
particle size is by photon-correlation spectroscopy or
dynamic light scattering.
The results obtained by photon-correlation spectroscopy are
usually verified by scanning or transmission electron
microscopy (SEM or TEM). 28

The Zeta potential of a nanoparticle is commonly used
to characterized the surface charge property of
nanoparticles.
It reflects the electrical potential of particles and is
influenced by the composition of the particle and the
medium in which it is dispersed.
Nanoparticles with a zeta potential above (±) 30 mV
have been shown to be stable in suspension, as the
surface charge prevents aggregation of the particles.
29

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7. Moghimi, S.M., Particulate nanomedicines, . Adv. Drug Deliv.58.
1451-1455,2006.
8. Roger, A., Nanotechnology Applications for Drug Delivery, Drug
Delivery Nanotechnology,21-28,2004.
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Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines:
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13. Crommelin, G.S.a.D.J.A., Liposomes: quo vadis? Elsevier Science
Ltd., 01(01):19-31.,1998.
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(5): 572-584,2002.
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