Nanotechnology

NANO TECHNOLOGY
Presented By: Manthan Gandhi

N.B.Mehta College- Bordi

What is Nanotechnology?

• Nanotechnology is an art of science in which
creation of useful materials, devices & systems
through of manipulating matter at the nanoscale.
• Its also a field of an applied science whose theme
is the control of matter on nanosacle.

What is Nanoscale?

10 millions time smaller 1 billion times smaller

Pioneers of Nanotechnology

Richard Feynman K.Eric Drexler

Some Nano History

• The first one to coin the term is K.Eric Drexler, one time
student of Feynman‟s.
• First described by the Noble Lauriate physicist Richard
Feynman.
• In 1959 he gave a lecture called “There‟s a plenty of room at
the bottom.” in which he suggested that the laws of physics
would allow people to use small machines to make smaller
machines eventually on to the atomic level.
• In 1981 IBM invented Scanning tunneling microscope.
• In 1985 „BUCKEY BALL‟ – Scientist of Rice University.
• In 1991 Carbon nanotubes discovered by S.Ijima.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

• The most important invention for Nano technology developed
by IBM in 1981.
• Allow to view the world from an atomic perspective.
• Revealed the topography of surfaces atom by atom.
• This technology evolved to allow manipulation of individual
atoms & molecules.
• With the invention of scanning tunneling microscope and the
atomic force microscope , scientist were allowed to not only
take photographs of single atoms but also to move atoms one
by one.

Carbon Nano Tubes

• It is the strongest, stiffest material discovered
till today.
• It is also known as Bucky Tubes- allotropes
of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
• They are constructed with length-to-diameter
ratio of upto 132,000,000:1.

Types of nanotubes

Single walled Nanotubes Multi walled Nanotubes

Single Walled Nanotubes (SWNT)

• It have diameter close to 1 nm, with a tube length that can
many millions of times longer.
• The structure of a SWNT can be conceptualized by
wrapping a one thick layer of graphite called graphene into
seamless cylinder
• The way the graphene sheet is wrapped is represented by a
pair of indices called the chiral vector
• Single walled Nanotubes are important variety of carbon
nanotubes because they exhibit electric properties

Multi Walled Nanotubes(MWNT)

• MWNT consist of multiple loaf layers of graphite
• There are two models of description of these MWNT.
 In the Russian Doll model, sheets of graphite are arranged
in concentric cylinders
 In the Parchment model a single sheet of graphite is rolled
in around itself resembling a scroll of parchment or a rolled
newspaper

Properties of Nano tubes

• Strength:-
They're strongest & stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of
tensile strength & elasticity.
• Hardness:-
Nano tubes are the hardest than the Diamond.
• Electrical:-
They can carry current 1000 times much greater than the
metals such as copper.
• Thermal:-
Due to their temperature stability which is 2800 oC in vacuum
& about 750 oC in air.

Application of Nano tubes

• Solar cells
• Ultra capacitors
• Paper batteries
• Many other applications

In Medical

• Improved surgical instruments with high precision.
• Shrinking machines that will detect & repair the dead
or diseased cell inside the human body.
• Enable better drug delivery.
• More effective anti-biotics.

In Space

• Will increase the capabilities of space ships, space
flights & will reduce cost.
• Strong & light material for space ships.
• Greater safety margins by using diamond fiber.
• Nanosatellites will be 90% lighter.
• Nano sensors with enhanced monitoring & efficient
controlling.

In Computers
• Will be able to store more than 1021 bits in the same
volume.
• Computers of future will use atoms instead of chips &
memory.
• Parallel computer that can deliver a billion instruction
per second.
• Nano polizers that will increase the contrast ratio in
LCD & LED‟s

Military applications

• Very high sensitivity, power sensors for detecting
nuclear threats.
• Light weight military platforms without sacrificing
functionality safety & soldier security.
• Reduce fuel needs
• Reduce carry on weight on soldier gear.
• Increase the functionality.

Nano coating

• Intelligent nanocoatings
for windows that reflect
solar heat in the summer
& transmit it in winter.

HI-TECH Lens

• Contact lens that let you
check your blood sugar
level by looking in a
mirror.
• This is coming about in
five years.

Nokia‟s mobile cover with Nano dressing

• Scratch resistant optics &
display
• Self cleaning surfaces
• Electromagnetic shielding
• Cooling mechanism
• Freedom in shapes.

Memory capacity with nanotechnology

• Users will have a true mass storage.
• 100 to 200 GB storage on future devices.
• Probe storage- uses no power than a flash memory
card, stores 100 times as many bits as storage.

Sensors & Accelometers

Seiko Gyros Gas Sensor ST accelerometer

• Low cost sensors.
• New fabrication methods.
• Bright flexible display.
• Ultra high mass memories.
• Thin & light mechanics.
• Composite materials.

Potential Threats

• Miniature weapons & explosives

• Disassembles for military use

• Uncontrolled Nano machines

• Self replicating Nano machines

Why only Nano technology?

• Allows the placement of small structures placed with
the precision , simplicity & low cost .
• Leads to economic growth.
• Enhance national security.
• Improves the quality of life.
• Leads to job creation.

Conclusion

• Nanotechnology helps to
understand the world around us,
and will provide inspiration and
drive for many generation
scientists.
• Thus the future generation is
going to continue the fantastic
voyage with Nano technology in
advanced level making life easier.

Nanotechnology

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